资源描述
专练(二)主旨大意题强化训练1A(2019临沂市高三教学质量检测)As my husband，Doug，stood on the busy New York city street trying to stop a cab, I angled the stroller(婴儿车)away from the cold December wind and rain.I knelt down and kissed my daughter on her cheek where veins crept up(静脉突出)the side of her tiny face.Frustrated and wet，my husband gave up his attempt to flag down a cab.I knew the feeling.Just after her first birthday，our daughter Katie was diagnosed with a rare brain disorder.Since that moment，Doug and I felt like runners in a marathon race where the finish line kept disappearing.We knew Katie was running out of time.It had taken months before we finally had a name for the disorder，vein of Galen malformation，but we were told only a handful of specialists in the world were qualified to perform the precise surgeries.Now，as we finally found a brilliant doctor to save our girl，we were trapped in a strange city in the cold rain.Just at the moment，a middleaged woman pulled over and said，“Pardon me？May I offer you a ride？”Before we could say anything，she continued，“Its really no trouble for me.Just get on.”It was then that I noticed her thick Irish tongue，an accent that warmed me like hot soup.We could simply say，“Thanks！Roosevelt Hospital，please，” and settled in her car for the ride.I dont know how she knew，maybe she noticed the veins and asked，“Are you going for the baby？”I nodded my head，choking back a tiny sob.At the hospital we thanked her a dozen times for the ride.The woman hugged me and I noticed her face was wet with tears in worry.She promised to pray for us before she left.After three more visits to New York and two more brain surgeries，Katie is cured.But the voice of the Irish Angel still rang as a constant reminder of a tiny ray of light that appeared on our darkest days.1What were the family doing on the street?AWatching a marathon race.BProtecting their daughter from cold.CTrying to ride a taxi.DPlaying with their daughter.2What was the trouble with Katies illness?AIt was a terrible brain cancer.BIt was impossible to be cured.CIt was hard to name the disease.DIts surgeries were hard to perform.3Why was the woman driver in tears when leaving?ABecause she knew the girl had run out of time.BBecause she had sympathy for the familys misfortune.CBecause the family promised to pray for her.DBecause there were veins on the little girls face.4Whats the best title for this passage?AAn Irish Angel in New YorkBAn Adventure in New YorkCAn Angel of RooseveltHospitalDAn Unforgettable Cab Ride【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿患了一种罕见的脑紊乱，可世上能做这种精准手术的医生屈指可数。作者一家来到纽约求医，却在雨天打不到出租车。后来在一名素不相识的带有爱尔兰口音的好心人的帮助下赶到了医院。最终经过几次手术女儿康复了。长难句分析：It had taken months before we finally had a name for the disorder, vein of Galen malformation，but we were told only a handful of specialists in the world were qualified to perform the precise surgeries.(第二段倒数第二句)译文：过了几个月我们才最终得知这个病的名字是Galen静脉畸形，但是世上能够具备做这种精准手术资历的医生屈指可数。词汇积累：frustrated adj.沮丧的，绝望的precise adj.精准的 a handful of一小部分，少量的1C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“trying to stop a cab”及第二段第一句“Frustrated and wet，my husband gave up his attempt to flag down a cab.”可知，他们在街头努力打一辆出租车。故选C。2D细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“but we were told only a handful of specialists in the world were qualified to perform the precise surgeries”可知，治疗Katie的病的手术很难做。故选D。3B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句“The woman hugged me and I noticed her face was wet with tears in worry.She promised to pray for us before she left.”可推知，这位女司机了解了孩子的病情后，对这一家人的不幸遭遇表示同情。故选B。4A标题概括题。纵观全文，从开头描写在纽约街头作者一家拦车无果到最后孩子的得救，中间的一个核心人物就是素不相识的爱尔兰女人。在作者夫妇眼中，这个女人就是他们的天使。故“纽约的爱尔兰天使”符合题意。故选A。B(2019河北衡水中学高三下学期模拟考试)If youre making determination for a healthier new year, consider a gut makeover(肠道清理)Changing your microbe community(微生物群)，however, may not be easy，and nobody knows how long it might take.Thats because the ecosystem already established in your gut determines how it absorbs and processes nutrients.So if the microbe community in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example，it wont respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microbe community.“The nutritional value of food is influenced in part by the microbe community that encounters that food，” said Dr Jeffrey Gordon，the senior author of the new paper and director of the Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis.“Nutritional components of a healthy diet have to be viewed from the inside out，” he said，“not just the outside in.”One of the questions the study set out to answer was how individuals with different diets respond when they try to improve their eating habits.The scientists harvested gut bacteria from humans，transplanted them into mice bred under germfree conditions，and then fed the mice either Americanstyle or plantbased diets.The scientists then analyzed changes in the mices microbe communities.Of interest，the scientists harvested the gut bacteria from people who followed sharply different diets.One group ate a fairly typical American diet，consuming about 3 000 calories a day，high in animal proteins with few fruits and vegetables.Some of their favorite foods were processed cheese and lunch meat.The other group consisted of people who were calorierestricted.They ate less than 1 800 calories a day and had carefully tracked what they ate for at least two years，sticking to a mostly plantbased diet and consuming far less animal protein than the other group，a third fewer carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and only half the fat.This calorierestricted group，the researchers found，had a far richer and more diverse microbe community in the gut than those eating a typical American diet.They also carried several kinds of“good” bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plantbased diet.“Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe community is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit，vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds，” said Meghan Jardine，a dietitian who was not involved in the current study but has published articles on promoting healthy microbe communities.She urges people to aim for 40 to 50 grams of fiber daily，well above levels recommended by most dietary guidelines.5What can we know from the first two paragraphs?AChanging microbiome is fairly easy.BEcosystem in gut is shaped by carbohydrates.CNutritional components are determined by food intake.DAs to healthy diets，microbe community shaped by vegetables and fruit respond more quickly than that shaped by junk food.6What can we learn about Meghan Jardine?AShe suggests eating as little as possible.BShe attaches great importance to fiber.CShe is one of the researchers of the current study.DShe advocates consuming more meat in daily life.7Whats the authors attitude toward gut makeover?AConcerned.BOpposed.CIndifferent. DNervous.8Which is the best title for the text?AMicrobe community in our gutBA gut makeover for the new yearCDietary guidelines for daily dietsDThe best way towards a healthier microbe community【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清理肠道的原因及具体做法。长难句分析：They also carried several kinds of“good”bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plantbased diet.(第四段最后一句)分析：这是一个复合句。known to promote health是过去分词作后置定语，修饰bacteria；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词bacteria。译文：它们还携带好几种已知能促进健康的有益菌，这些有益菌是他们吃的素食中独有的。词汇积累：determination n决心establish v建立absorb v吸收component n组成部分transplant v移植consume v消费，消耗5D推理判断题。So if the microbe community in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example, it wont respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more varied microbe community.(第一段最后一句)译文：所以如果你肠道里的微生物群是由汉堡和披萨组成的日常饮食塑造而成，它产生反应的速度就不会像一个由蔬菜和水果塑造的肠道那么快，因为后者拥有更多样化的微生物群。解题思路：根据关键句可推知，对于健康饮食，由蔬菜和水果形成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。故选D。6B细节理解题。Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe community is to eat more fiber by consuming more fruit, vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds.(最后一段第一句)译文：或许形成更健康的微生物群的最佳方式是通过吃更多的水果、蔬菜、全麦食品以及坚果或植物种子来摄入更多纤维解题思路：根据关键句可知，Meghan Jardine认为纤维很重要。故选B。7A观点态度题。根据作者在第二段引用的华盛顿大学医学院Jeffrey Gordon博士的话以及最后一段引用的营养师Meghan Jardine的话可推断出，作者很关注肠道清理。A项意为“关心的”；B项意为“反对的”；C项意为“漠不关心的”；D项意为“紧张的”。故选A。8B标题概括题。第一段就点明了文章的主题，即“进行肠道清理可以让人更健康”。接下来的四段内容都是围绕肠道清理这个主题，包括清理肠道的原因、所做的实验以及如何清理肠道。B项能概括文章的主题，适合做标题。故选B。C(20192019第一学期福州市联考)If a city wants to hold the Olympics，it must submit a proposal to the IOC.After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues，until a majority winner is determined.Typically，the Games are awarded several years in advance，allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.In selecting the site of the Olympic Games，the IOC considers a number of factors，and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively.The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.For instance，Tokyo，the host of the 1964 Summer Games，and Beijing，that of the 2019 Games，were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia.Because of the growing importance of television worldwide，the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host citys time zone.Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.Once the Games have been awarded，it is the duty of the local organizing committeenot the IOC or the NOC of the host citys country to provide them with money.This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入)，and corporate sponsorships，tickets sales，and other smaller revenue sources.In many cases there is also direct government support.Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games，the Olympics can be financially risky.If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected，the city will be left with large debts.9_ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.AA city that submits a proposalBA majority winner in votingCA city that has perfect time zoneDOne that hasnt hosted the Games10If the Games take place in Canada，American television networks _.Awill not pay for the Canadian television networksBwill be forbidden to broadcast live sporting eventsCcant broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hoursDare willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights11According to the last paragraph，which following statement is true?AThe host city must be left with large debts.BThere is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games.CThe city may gain a lot of money.DIt is impossible that the host city couldnt make money.12Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?AWinner or loserBApplying for host for the OlympicsCHow to host the Olympic GamesDThe Olympic Games【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程。【难句分析】Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada为whenever引导的时间状语从句；because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours为because引导的原因状语从句。译文：例如，奥运会无论在美国或者在加拿大何时举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事。9B考查细节理解。第一段主要介绍了产生主办城市的规则，根据第一段第二、三句“After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined”可知，在所有提案提交后，国际奥委会投票。如果没有得票最少的城市被淘汰，则投票继续，直到确定主办城市。据此可知，得票数最多的城市由国际奥委会确定为奥运会主办城市，故B项正确。10D考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada.because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours”可知，奥运会无论在美国或者在加拿大何时举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事，故D项正确。11C考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，主办城市能获得奥运会电视转播、企业赞助等收入，故主办城市可能会获得许多资金，故C项正确。A、D项与文中最后一段的“If the financial.large debts”内容不符；根据第三段倒数第二句“Although.the Olympics can be financially risky”可知，尽管许多城市通过举办奥运会获得了大量资金，但奥运会可能存在财政风险，故B项错误。12B考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提交提案，国际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。故B项最适合作本文的标题。强化训练2A(2019惠州市第二次调研)When I was a boy there were no smart phones，and our television only got one channel clearly.Still，I was never bored.The fields，hills，and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake.At the backside of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.I walked on and on for hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear“Turn around and head back home”，but I was stubborn，so I walked on.There was still neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I didnt want to end up trapped on this road，and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.I continued to walk on with something growing inside of me.My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I turned one last curve and saw something in the distance.It was a house that I recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said “All roads lead home”It is true.In life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey？The choice is ours.1Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?ABecause he could have fun in nature.BBecause he could watch TV all day.CBecause he had many friends.DBecause he used to explore the old dirt road.2How did the author feel when he was exploring the dirt road?AHe thought he would be scolded by his parents.BHe felt contradictory in mind.CHe thought he would be trapped in the woods.DHe was unconscious.3What does “something” probably mean in Paragraph 3?ADoubt. BHope.CCourage. DFear.4What does the author mainly intend to tell us?AAlways make choices on our own.BAll roads lead home.CIts our attitude that matters in our life.DEvery effort is worthwhile.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己童年时期的快乐的时光，并通过童年时经历的一件事告诉我们，人生中最重要的是对待生活的态度。【难句分析】What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey?分析：第一句包含what引导的主语从句，how引导的表语从句；后两句为表示选择关系的一般疑问句。译文：然而(生命中)重要的是我们如何走过这些路。我们要怀着恐惧前行还是要怀着信心前行？我们想让自己的人生成为一次糟糕的旅行还是一段快乐的旅程呢？1A考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The fields, hills, and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake”可知，在童年时期，作者可以到大自然中尽情地玩耍，所以不会觉得无聊。2B考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my earTurn around and head back home，but I was stubborn，so I walked on”可知，在探险之初，作者虽想放弃，但还是选择了继续走下去；根据下文可知，作者虽然担心害怕，但仍然继续前行。由此可推知，在探险过程中他的内心是矛盾的。3D考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段中的“I grew scared”及第三段中的“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching”可推知，由于天越来越黑，作者一直未能找到回家的路，他的内心越来越恐惧。由此可推知，something在此指“恐惧”。故选D。4C考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“What is important, though, is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith? Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey”可知，作者想要告诉我们的是生活中态度才是重要的。根据最后一段的叙述可知，作者将表达的重心放在了“如何走人生之路”，其中fear, faith，terrible，joyful体现的均是心境和态度，无关“谁来做选择”，或者“所有的路都能回家”，所以排除A和B。B(2019南宁市摸底考试)It used to be one of the worlds most splendid train stations，sitting on the FrenchSpanish borderbut then it fell into disrepair.Now，writes Chris Bockman，the building is showing new signs of life.The train station was built in iron and glass，complete with a hospital，a restaurant and living quarters for customs officers from both France and Spain.At the time it was nicknamed the “Titanic of the Mountains”But after the day the station was opened in 1928 by the French president and the Spanish king，flaws quickly became obvious.The rail gauges(轨距)were different，so passengers still had to change trains.It made transporting goods too slow.In the early 1930s，as few as 50 passengers a day were using the station.And then things got worse.During the Spanish Civil War，the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican rebels(反叛者)from bringing weapons in.Later，the French lost interest in the line.When a train derailed on the French side in 1970，that signaled that France abandoned the line.The grand building itself went to rot.The tracks rusted，the ceilings fell in with the severe winter weather and vandalism (故意破坏财物的行为)did the rest.But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it，claiming it was a major part of Spanish history.The French government has agreed to reopen the line on its side too.If all goes to plan，the “Titanic of the Mountains” could be back in business within five years before the end of 2022.It is reported that the massive wooden ticket counters at the station have already been restored.5The following factors contributed to the shutdown of the train station EXCEPT _.Aits poor appearanceBdifferent gaugesCthe Spanish Civil WarDslow transporting speed6When the train station reopens，it may celebrate its _ anniversary.A52nd B72ndC94th D89th7What will probably happen to the train station?AIt will be repaired.BIt will be turned into a museum.CIt will be knocked down.DIt will be sold to the French government.8What is the best title for the text?AThe Design of a Train StationBThe War Between France and SpainCThe History of a Train StationDThe “Titanic of the Mountains” Coming Back【解题导语】本文讲述了法国和西班牙边境的一座火车站的历史变迁。【难句分析】But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it，claiming it was a major part of Spanish history.分析：这是一个复杂的简单句。buy the place与restore it是并列的不定式短语，作decided的宾语；claiming it was a major part of Spanish history是现在分词作伴随状语，claiming后是一个宾语从句。译文：但是几年前，阿拉贡的当地政府决定买下这个地方并且恢复它，声称它是西班牙历史的重要一部分。5A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The rail gauges(轨距)were different, so passengers still had to change trains”可知，轨距不同是造成火车站关闭的原因之一；根据第三段中的“During the Spanish Civil War, the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican rebels(反叛者)from bringing weapons in”可知，西班牙内战是造成火车站关闭的原因之一；根据第三段中的“It made transporting goods too slow”可知，运输速度慢是造成火车站关闭的原因之一。故选项A不是造成火车站关闭的原因，所以选A。6C考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But after the day the station was opened in 1928”和第五段中的“If all goes to plan，theTitanic of the Mountains could be back in business within five years before the end of 2022”可以计算出：2022192894(年)，当其恢复使用时可以庆祝其94周年纪念日，所以选C。7A考查推理判断。根据第五段首句“But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it”可知，几年前阿拉贡的当地政府要购买并且恢复该火车站。restore意为“使恢复，修复”，所以选A。8D考查主旨大意。根据全文尤其是第一段中的“the building is showing new signs of life”和第五段中的“If all goes to plan, theTitanic of the Mountains could be back”可知，选项D能够概括全文，所以选D。C(2019贵阳市摸底考试)Pollutions serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in r
展开阅读全文