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Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars1Explode vt.&vi.(使)爆炸；爆发explode in/with anger 勃然大怒explode into/with laughter 放声大笑运用 完成句子(1)你勃然大怒之时，你的敌人就开始笑了。When you _, your enemy will start smiling.(2)如果飞机的一小部分失灵，飞机将在空中爆炸。If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane _in the sky.explode in/with angerwould explode2harmful adj.有害的；伤害的harm vt.& n损害；伤害；危害be harmful to sb./sth.do harm to sb./sth./do sb./sth.harm/harm sb./sth.对有害处；有害于do good to sb./sth.do sb./sth.good/be good for sb./sth.对有好处；有益于do more harm than good 弊大于利运用 完成句子(1)过量喝酒对你的身体有害。_ your health to drinktoo much.(2)许多人认为考试弊大于利。A lot of people argue that exams _.It is harmful to/It does harm to/It harmsdo more harm than good3spread vt.&vi.展开；伸展；传播spread like wildfire 像野火般迅速传播；(消息等)迅速地传开spread out 传播开；伸开；散开；铺开；打开；扩展spread oneself out 伸展四肢仰卧spread on 涂抹(或敷)在上运用 完成句子(1)一张厚厚的地毯铺在地板上。A thick blanket _ on the floor.(2)谣言在那个小城镇像野火般地传开了。The rumours _ from mouth to mouth in thattown.(3)他伸开四肢躺在地板上。He _ on the floor.was spread outspread like wildfirespread himself out4Depend vi.依靠；依赖；取决于depend on/upon 依靠；信赖；取决于That（all）depends/It（all）depends.那得看情况/那可不一定depend on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事运用 完成句子(1)你不能指望你的敌人来帮助你。You _ your enemy to help you.(2)我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。Our success _ whether everyone works hard.cant depend ondepends on/upon5Force n.力量；暴力 vt.强迫；强制；逼迫force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事by force 用武力(或暴力)；强迫地take by force 用武力夺取(或占领)come/enter/go/bring into force (开始)实施(或实行)；(政府法令、法律、协议等)开始生效put in/into force 实施(或实行)(政府法令、法律、协议等)运用 完成句子(1)他被迫要找第二份工作。He _ a second job.(2)协议将在明年春天生效。The agreement _ nextspring.(3)士兵们强行把犯人带走了。The soldiers took the prisoners away _.was forced to look forwill come into force/be put into forceby force用本单元所学单词及用法完成下列句子1屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。A(n) _ of tension filled the room.2谁散布的这些谣言？Who _ these rumours?3环境将迫使我们最终采取这项政策。Circumstances will _ us finally to adopt this policy.4你游累了就漂浮一会儿。When youre tired of swimming, just _ for a while.atmospherespreadforcefloat5小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。Children _ their parents for food and clothing.6频繁熬夜是有害的。It _ stay up frequently.7当老板看到销售报告时，他气炸了。The boss _ when he saw the salesreport.8那种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。_ criminals like that are a danger to society.depend onis harmful toexploded in/with angerViolent1in time 及时；终于；总有一天on time 按时运用 完成句子(1)要不是他们帮忙，我们不能及时完成这个项目。But for their help, we could not have finished the program_.(2)我们相信工作能按时完成。We are sure that the work will be finished _.in timeon time2in ones turn 轮到某人；接着in turn 轮流；依次by turns 轮流；交替take turns to do sth.轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事运用 完成句子(1)轮到你用电脑啦。_ to use the computer.(2)他们轮流值夜班。They were _ to be on the night shift.Its your turntaking turns3prevent.from (stop/keep.from) 阻止；制止注意(1)在主动语态中，stop 和 prevent 后的 from 都可以省略，但 keep 后的 from 不能省略。(2)在被动语态中，此三个短语中的 from 均不能省略。运用 完成句子(1)我因有急事不能去。I _ going by urgent business.(2)大雨使我们不能踢足球了。The heavy rain _.was prevented/stopped/kept fromprevented/stopped us (from) playing football/kept us from playing football4cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋运用 完成句子振作起来！我肯定你明天会好些的。_! Im sure youll feel better tomorrow.Cheer up5now that 既然；由于辨析 now that/since/as/because/for(1)now that 既然，与 since 含义相近，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。(2)since 侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为”或“既然”，语气比 because 稍弱，通常置于句首，表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。(3)as 表示的原因是双方已知的事实或显而易见的，或者理由不是很重要的，含义与 since 相同，但语气更弱，没有 since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”。从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从并重。(4)because 通常表示直接而明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系得出的推断，语气很强，用来回答 why 的问题， 一般位于主句之后。在强调句型中，只能用 because 表示“因为”。(5)for 是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部(或单独成为一个句子)，并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系，其间用逗号隔开，且 for 不可置于句首。for 的这一用法常用在书面语中，较正式。运用 用上面所提供的辨析词或短语填空(1)It was _ I missed the early bus that I was late forschool.(2)It must be morning, _ the birds are singing.(3)I must stop to work now, _ I have rather a lot of workto do.(4)_ youve got a chance, you might as wellmake full use of it.becauseforasNow that/Since6break out 突发；爆发辨析 break out/take place/happen/occur(1)break out 意为“突发；爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病等灾祸的突然发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。(2)take place 表示“发生；举行；举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。常用于有计划的事情的发生。(3)happen 作“发生；碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。(4)occur 作“发生；想到；突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen。表示思想感情上的“突然想出”，可用于“It occurs tosb.that./It occured that.”，但 happen 没有这个用法。运用 用上面所提供的辨析词或短语的适当形式填空(1)The war between the north and the south _ in1861.(2)When did the traffic accident _?(3)Great changes have _ in my hometown sinceliberation.(4)It _ to me that she didnt know I had moved intothe new house.broke outhappen/occurtaken placeoccurred7watch out 密切注视；当心；提防watch out for sb./sth.当心或注意某人/某事watch over 保护；照看look out/take care/be careful 当心运用 完成句子(1)警方正密切注意嫌疑犯的行动。The police are _ for the suspect.(2)请您帮忙照顾一下我的女儿好吗？Would you please _ my daughter?watching outwatch over用本单元所学短语及用法完成下列句子1当 SARS 爆发的时候，恐惧笼罩了整个国家。When SARS _, fear spread all over the country.2“汤姆，你最终会成功的。”这个老人笑着说。“Youll succeed _, Tom.” said the old man smiling.3职工们努力去掌握新的技术来提高生产。The employees are trying _ the newtechnique to increase production.broke outin timeto get the hang of4既然你已经大学毕业了，就不能再在衣食上依赖你的父母了。_ youre a college graduate, you cant dependon your parents for food and clothing any more.5振作起来！你知道失败是成功之母，毕竟，这是我们的第一次尝试。_! You know failure is the mother ofsuccess.After all, this is our first attempt.Now thatCheer up6我说过我一定是病了，我得留意一下症状。I said I should be sick, and that I must _ thesymptoms.7应该采取措施保护河流不受工厂的污染。Measures should be taken _ the factory _polluting the river.8经过多年努力，这位导演终于等到他登上领奖台的时刻。After many years of laborious work, the director has,_, got the chance to step on the award platform.watch out forto preventfromin his turn原句1 So whether life will continue on the earth for millionsof years to come will depend on whether this problem can besolved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。句中两个以 whether 引导的从句均为名词性从句， 前者是主语从句，后者是宾语从句。在引导宾语从句时 whether(介词的宾语除外)通常可以和 if 互换，但引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时通常多用 whether 而不用 if。精练 根据中文提示，完成下列句子(1)亨利问他是否可以上网。Henry asked _.(2)她的问题是人类将来能否在火星上生活。Her question is _.(3)布莱克先生与会与否无关紧要。_ doesnt matterat all.if/whether he could surf the Internetwhether humans will be able to live on MarsWhether Mr.Black will go to the conference原句2But when I tried to step forward, I found I wascarried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈进的时候，我发现我被送出去很远，步子的幅度竟然是在地球上的两倍，因而我跌倒了。几种倍数表示法：（1）倍数形容词/副词比较级than.（2）倍数as形容词/副词（进行比较的名词）as.（3）倍数the表示衡量的名词（the size/weight/length/depth/width.）of.(4)倍数more进行比较的名词than.(5)倍数as many/much进行比较的名词as.(6)倍数that of被比较对象精练 根据中文提示，完成下列句子(1)这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。This hall _ our classroom.This hall _ our classroom.This hall _ of our classroom.(2)今年我们生产的棉花比十年前多了一倍。(汉语中的多一倍实际上也指两倍一样多。)Weve produced _ (we did) tenyears ago.(3)我们班学生人数比他们班多两倍。There are _ than in theirs.(4)这个车间 7 月份的产量是 1 月份的 3.5 倍。In this workshop the output of July _ ofJanuary.is five times bigger thanis six times as big asis six times the sizetwice as much cotton this year astwice more students in our classwas 3.5 times that运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵之Is there life on Mars? We dont know.Can we land on Mars? Itall (1)_ ( 取决于) the development of science andtechnology.Man has (2)_ ( 有了一些了解)Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100degrees below zero at night, which (3)_( 阻止我们在那里生活) (4)_ ( 既然) Mars(5)_ (与完全不同) our earth, ifdepends onknown a little aboutprevents us from living thereNow thatis quite different fromwe (6)_ (掌握) the knowledge of astronomyand (7)_ ( 有机会) go to Mars one day, weshould have to (8)_(带上) our own oxygen,food, clothing and shelter.But it is certain that man will land onMars (9)_ (迟早)get the hang ofhave a chance totake alongin time“角色扮演角色扮演”备考指导备考指导(二二)4注意在表达过程中使用的时态以及提问的语音语调。提问时要根据听力材料里面的实际情况来选择正确的时态：现在时、过去时或将来时。在语音语调方面，如果是一般疑问句，要使用升调。5在观看视频过程中要专注视频提供的信息，学会记录关键信息。Part B 部分和以前的高考听取信息有共同的地方，就是都会考查考生获取听力材料主旨大意、以及捕捉关键信息的能力。关键信息通常是以数字、时间、地点、行为、感受等形式出现在听力材料中，如我们常常会听到材料里面出现房号 Room521，电话号码 8740315，或者是地址 The Oriental Hotel 等等。因此同学们要对这类信息特别留意，并及时做好记录。例1：With photographers never far away, the young president strollsthrough construction camps, dines _ with the menand shares milk with John Stevens.Question: Where did the president have meal during his visit?Key: In a mess hall.(此处要捕捉的信息是总统就餐的地方)例2：Vanessa: Oh absolutely! I mean, _, andI remember I was in the middle of making an album.Question: What is the last time when Vanessa performed inHong Kong?Key: In 1997.(此处要捕捉的信息是时间)在记录时，要巧用符号，快速记录。在平时的训练中，我们可以用某些特定的符号来快速记录。如在记录国家名字时，我们可以用前两三个字母来表示：ChinaCh; JapanJap；其他较长的单词如：organizationorg; activityact; phenomenonphe 等等。6完成提问的部分后根据计算机的回答及时动手做好笔记，计算机给出的回答有可能对下一部分的问题起到提示作用。节日简介节日简介节日的介绍一般应包括过节的时间、方式，有时还会说到节日的历史和意义。因传统节日是年年过的，所以用一般现在时。【实用套语】1Tomb Sweeping Day usually falls on April 46 every year.清明节通常是每年的 4 月 4 号到 6 号之间。2.The Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day of theChinese Lunar Year, which is usually in February.中国的春节是农历年的第 1 天，通常在 2 月份。3 Its in this special day that people mourn over theirancestors and remember their great contribution to the developmentof our society.就是在这个特别的日子，人们悼念他们的祖先并纪念他们为社会的发展所做的贡献。中国的传统节日中秋节马上就要到了，你的美国笔 友Mike 请你在他们的校报上介绍一下中秋节的情况，请你根据下表写一篇短文。时间每年阴历八月十五，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。范围中国及亚洲其他一些国家都会庆祝。象征人们认为满月是团圆、运气、财富的象征，在那天会 互相表达祝福。方式在那一天，人们通常回家与家人团聚，共聚晚餐。人们还会吃月饼，那是一种圆形的饼，里面有肉、果仁、 鸡蛋等。写作内容中秋节简介写作要求1.只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。2.参考词汇：阴历 the lunar calendar, 果仁 nut范文诵读：The Mid-autumn Festival，which is one of the most importanttraditional festivals in China ， falls on August 15th of the Lunarcalendar every year.Not only is it popular in China but it is alsocelebrated in many other Asian countries.People believe that fullmoon is a symbol of reunion，luck and fortune，and it is a customto express best wishes to the beloved ones at this particular time.Onthat day people usually go back home to have family reunion ，enjoying a large meal with their family.They will also eat mooncakes，which are round cakes with meat，eggs，nuts and other thingsinside.
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