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Unit 21Unit 21Human BiologyHuman Biology重点短语重点句型重点单词1.interval n.间隔;间歇2.circulate vi.循环circulation n.循环3.digest vt.消化digestion n.消化;领悟4.abuse vt.& n.滥用;虐待;辱骂5.tolerate vt.容忍tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的,忍受的tolerance n.容忍;宽容6.fundamental adj.根本的,基本的7.annual adj.每年的;一年一次的,年度的annually adv.每年;每年一次 重点短语重点句型重点单词pulsory adj.强制性的;义务的compulsive adj.强迫的,强制的9.controversial adj.有争议的controversy n.论战;公开辩论10.oppose vt.反对support (反义词)vt.支持11.violate vt.违反,违背;侵害violation n.违反;妨碍;侵害12.privileged adj.荣幸的privilege n.特权;荣幸13.cater vi.满足;迎合14.treat vt.款待;对待treatment n.对待重点短语重点句型重点单词15.postpone vt.推迟;延期16.prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n.禁止17.unite vt.联合;团结;统一united adj.联合的;团结的;统一的18.symptom n.症状19.routine n.常规;惯例;一套动作20.adaptation n.变化;变种adapt vi.适应 vt.改编,改写;使适应21.foreseevt.预见22.underlinevt.表明重要性;强调;在下面画线23.systematicadj.系统化的systemn.系统;体系 重点短语重点句型重点单词24.faith n.信心faithful adj.有信心的25.temporary adj.临时的;短暂的26.sacred adj.神圣的27.rob vt.使丧失;抢劫28.terminal adj.致命的;晚期的 n.终点站;终端29.decline vi.下降;减少 n.减少;衰落30.minimum n.最低;最小maximum (反义词)n.最高;最大31.equip vt.使有准备;配备,装备equipment n.装备,设备重点短语重点句型重点单词32.concern n.担心;担忧concerning prep.关于,就而言concerned adj.担心的;有关的33.vote vt.& vi.表决;投票 n.投票;选举34.sceptical/skeptical adj.怀疑的35.circumstance n.情形;情况36.absurd adj.不合理的;荒谬的37.seek vt.寻找;谋求 重点短语重点句型重点单词1.track and field田径运动2.in vain徒然,白费力气3.at random任意地;随便地4.at all costs不惜任何代价;无论如何5.straight away立刻,马上6.wipe out彻底毁灭7.stop sth.in its tracks终止;消灭8.at any rate无论如何;至少9.be jealous of 嫉妒10.make it成功达到预定目标11.get down to开始;着手做12.get through 完成(任务);度过;使明白;通过 重点短语重点句型重点单词1.假如本届奥运会冠军马里昂琼斯服用兴奋剂的话,她很可能已多次打破了这项世界纪录。If current Olympic champion,Marion Jones,took such drugs,she would probably have broken that world record more than once.2.对于获胜者,可以强制性检测。而对其他参赛选手,则只能随机抽查。It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.3.随着国际的共同努力,我们就该相信人们会及时找到解决方案来彻底消灭禽流感。With all the international effort being made,we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.4.成千上万的人本可以受益于传统中药,却因为无知错过机会,这似乎真的很可惜。It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance. When we talk about breaking records,we come across the issue of performance-enhancing drugs.These drugs are originally developed 1.to help(help) people with illnesses,but in the wrong hands,they create supreme athletes making them faster and stronger than is normal for human beings.2.Taking(take) these drugs is known as “doping”,and they cause serious health problems for those who abuse them.Doping is not only a problem in athletics,it is part of every sport 3.where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared 4.to cheat to do so.5.Unfortunately(fortunate),it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.New drugs are developed all 6.the time and drug tests for sporting events are often one step behind.However,doping is not the only thing we need to worry about.Unless we are careful,“gene-therapy” will be the next big threat.For medical purposes,scientists have already found ways to build muscle and increase strength by 7.changing(change) peoples genes.If gene-therapy were used now,it would be almost 8.impossible(possible) to find out. In todays world,winners are celebrated and treated 9.as heroes,but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events,the word “hero” will have lost all 10.meaning(mean). 重点短语重点句型重点单词toleratevt.容许;忍受,容忍The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是基本的欺骗手段,体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。(教材原句P34)常见用法tolerate sth.容许/容忍/忍受某事tolerate doing sth.容忍/容许做某事This sort of behavior will not be tolerated.这种行为是不容许的。 She refused to tolerate being called a liar.她拒不接受被称为撒谎者。 Many workers said they couldnt tolerate the long hours.许多工人表示他们无法忍受长时间的工作。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸1.tolerance n.容忍,宽容2.tolerant adj.容忍的,宽容的be tolerant of.宽容/容忍现学活用单句填空1.She was tolerant(tolerate) of different views.2.Our teacher wont tolerate cheating (cheat) on exams.3.My tolerance of your impoliteness is limited. 重点短语重点句型重点单词seekvt.寻找;谋求Doping is not only a problem in athletics,it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅是田径运动中存在的问题,每个运动项目都存在这个问题,运动员寻求超越自身极限而准备这样做来欺骗别人。(教材原句P34)常见用法seek out找出,搜出seek after/for寻找,寻求;追求seek sth.from sb.向某人寻求某物seek to do sth.打算/试图做某事He is seeking after wealth and power.他在追求财富和权力。 I am always seeking to improve my teaching method.我一直在设法改进我的教学方法。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用适当的介词填空1.He sought to change my mind,but he failed.2.We shouldnt seek for/after fame.3.The boss finally sought out a proper person for the position. 重点短语重点句型重点单词opposevt.& vi.反对;阻碍Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因治疗是很有争议的,所以许多人反对进一步研究它。(教材原句P34)常见用法oppose (doing) sth.反对(做)某事Father does not oppose the idea at all.父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。拓展延伸1.opposed adj.反对的,对立的be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事2.object to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事be against sth.反对某事 重点短语重点句型重点单词I am opposed to going shopping with others.我反对与他人一起外出购物。I really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。现学活用单句填空1.The committee is totally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2.The President opposes giving(give) military aid to this country.3.The professor, opposed(oppose) to carrying out the project,made a comment on the report. 重点短语重点句型重点单词robvt.抢劫;掠夺;使丧失Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.由于心脏病发作使大脑缺氧而造成永久性伤害,1990年苔莉陷入昏迷。(教材原句P40)常见用法rob sb./sp.of sth.抢劫某人/某地的某物They knocked him down and robbed him of his watch.他们把他打倒在地,然后抢走了他的手表。 Nobody can rob me of my right to work and speak.谁也不能剥夺我工作和说话的权利。 拓展延伸robbery n.抢劫 重点短语重点句型重点单词词义辨析1.rob 指公开地“抢”、“夺”(通常使用暴力);句型结构为:rob+被抢的人或地方+of+被抢的东西。They robbed the bank of a lot of money.他们从银行抢了很多钱。2.steal 则指在人们不防备或不在场的情况下悄悄地“偷”;句型结构为:steal+被偷的东西+from+某人或某地。They stole a lot of money from the bank.他们从银行偷了很多钱。现学活用用适当的介词填空1.Jane told the policeman that her gold necklace had been robbed of .2.They robbed the people of their liberty.3.The purse has been stolen from my pocket. 重点短语重点句型重点单词equipvt.使有准备;配备,装备常见用法equip.with.用装备equip.for sth./to do sth.为了而装备We equip our children with a good education.我们让孩子们接受良好的教育。Your education will equip you for a job.你所受的教育将使你具备就业的能力。拓展延伸equipment n.U装备,设备a piece of equipment一件设备 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用equip的适当形式填空1.His evening study has equipped him for a career as a teacher.2.We have a hospital with advanced equipment. 重点短语重点句型重点单词votevt.& vi.投票;选举 n.投票;选举;表决The law was passed on a second vote.此法在第二次表决时通过。常见用法1.vote to do sth.表决做某事vote for投票赞成vote against投票反对vote on/upon就投票表决vote through 投票通过vote sb.out of office 通过投票表决把某人赶下台重点短语重点句型重点单词2.get ones vote获得某人的选票pass a vote 通过决议put.to the vote付诸表决/裁决the right to vote选举权,投票权have a vote有表决权We are going to vote on the plan.我们打算就这一提案进行表决。 I may vote for her at the next election.下届选举我可能选她。 Parliament voted the bill through without a debate.国会未经辩论就投票通过了这项法案。Only members of the team have a vote.只有这个团体的成员才有表决权。 拓展延伸vote for表示“投票赞同”;vote against表示“投票反对”。类似的结构有:be for/against“支持/反对”,fight for/against“为而战斗/为反对而战斗”。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用用vote的相关短语完成句子1.在中国,未满18岁的人没有选举权。In China,people aged under 18 dont have the right to vote.2.既然我们没有办法达成一致,现在我们就这个问题进行投票表决。Since we cant reach any agreement,now we vote on/upon the problem.3.我呼吁大家反对杀害野生动物。I urge everybody to vote against the killing of wild animals. 重点短语重点句型重点单词in vain白费力气,徒劳Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德兰蒂斯找了些漏洞百出的借口,声称那是他治疗伤痛而服用的药物,但是这些都是徒劳的。(教材原句P34)拓展延伸in advance提前in debt负债in despair失望地in surprise 吃惊地in amazement 吃惊地in reality 事实上in return 作为回报 重点短语重点句型重点单词The childs mouth formed a big O in surprise.那个孩子的嘴巴惊讶地张成了O型。In reality,things always happen out of expectation.现实中,事情总是出乎意料。现学活用用in构成的短语填空1.His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed any attention.2.Before visiting him,I called him up in advance.3.He was always ready to help others,in return,he was liked by everyone. 重点短语重点句型重点单词at all costs 不管多大代价;无论如何The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而非获胜的奥林匹克精神。(教材原句P34)We have to finish the program before the end of this month at all costs.无论如何,我们要在月底前完成这个项目。 拓展延伸at the cost of 以为代价at a cost of 以的费用/价格at any cost以任何代价to ones cost 使某人遭受损失 重点短语重点句型重点单词He saved his son from drowning but only at the cost of his own life.他救了溺水的儿子,但自己却丢了性命。Its not worth arguing with him as I have learnt to my cost.和他争论是不值得的,因为我已经尝过苦头了。特别提醒cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且cost不能用于被动语态。现学活用用cost的相关短语完成句子1.我们无论如何得找到丢失的文件。We must find the missing document at all costs.2.那只可怜的小狐狸逃出了陷阱,却失去了一条腿。The poor fox escaped from the trap at the cost of a leg. 重点短语重点句型重点单词get down to开始;着手做I decided not to put off studying (as I normally do!) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.我决定不再(像往常那样)拖延学习,而是每天早晨早早起床后就立刻投入到学习中去。(教材原句P37)常见用法get down to sth.开始认真对待;言归正传get down to doing sth.开始做某事;着手做某事Stop kidding.Lets get down to business.别开玩笑了,我们办正经事吧。 Im going to get down to studying English this term.这学期我要开始认真学英语了。 重点短语重点句型重点单词拓展延伸be/get used to习惯于be accustomed to习惯于look forward to 盼望,期盼be opposed to 反对object to反对stick to坚持admit to承认pay attention to注意 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用完成句子1.请注意这两个词之间的区别。Please pay attention to the difference between the two words.2.我们盼望着不久能发到您的回信。We look forward to hearing from you soon.3.有些学生不习惯在北方生活。Some of the students are not used/accustomed to living in the north. 重点短语重点句型重点单词get through完成(任务);度过,熬过(困难或不快的时期);使理解,使明白;接通电话;通过In the end,the exam wasnt so bad after all and I think I got through it.最后考试终究没有那么糟糕,而且我认为我通过了。(教材原句P37)It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们通过海关检查只花了几分钟时间。 拓展延伸1.get into进入;陷入;染上(习惯)get off下车;离开;动身get along with.与相处get over越过(墙等);克服;从(病、损失等)中恢复过来get down to doing 开始认真做 重点短语重点句型重点单词2.go through通过;检查;经历pass through从中穿过;走过look through浏览;仔细查看see through 看穿,识破break through突破The actress had to learn to get over her fear of the public.这位女演员必须学会不怯场。She spent the whole night looking through the students homework.她花了一晚上查看学生的作业。现学活用单句改错1.Its time I got down to think about that essay.(think 改为thinking)2.He has great difficulty to getting along well with his classmates.(to改为in或删除to) 重点短语重点句型重点单词It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.对于获胜者,可以强制性检测。而对其他参赛选手,则只能随机抽查。(教材原句P34)本句中It作形式主语,to be tested为真正的主语。当不定式作主语时,如果主语太长,而表语太短,常用it作形式主语,把真正的主语后置,以避免头重脚轻。不定式复合结构可用“for sb.to do sth.”,也可用“of sb.to do sth.”结构来表达。与前者搭配的形容词,多是表示事物特征的形容词,如easy,important,necessary,hard,difficult,impossible等;与后者搭配的主要是一些表示人物性格、特征的形容词,如honest,careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等。 重点短语重点句型重点单词特别提醒如果宾语太长,宾语补足语太短,则用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。构成以下句型:主+谓+it+宾补+宾现学活用用介词of或for填空1.It is impolite of you to be rude to our guests.2.I think it impossible for us to finish the task in such a short time.3.It is not difficult for those talented students to pass the exam.4.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing. 重点短语重点句型重点单词It seems.that.句型It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.成千上万的人本可以受益于传统中药,却因为无知错过机会,这似乎真的很可惜。(教材原句P44)有关seem的常见句型:It seems/seemed+adj.+that.好像,似乎It seems/seemed (to sb.)+that.(对某人来说)似乎/好像It seems as if.看样子好像seem to do/be doing/have done.好像要做/在做/已经做了seem (to be)+adj./doing/done好像It seems to me that you dont have much choice.在我看来你好像没有多少选择的余地。That source of strength seems to be fading.那种力量的源泉似乎在慢慢消失。Larry seemed pretty angry with me.拉里好像很生我的气。 重点短语重点句型重点单词现学活用单句填空1.It seems that they know what theyre doing.2.I seem to have left(leave) my book at home.3.He seems happy(happiness) enough to me. 一、单句填空1.(2015新课标全国卷改编)Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel(hunger).less hungry。空前有系动词feel,故空处用形容词作表语;又结合语境可知,句中将冷色调与暖色调进行了对比,故用形容词的比较级。2.(2014新课标全国卷改编)With its focus divided,the lion becomes(confuse) and is unsure about what to do next.confused。become是系动词,故其后用形容词confused“困惑的”作表语。3.We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created(equal) and should be treated(equal).equal;equally。分析句子结构可知,第一空作主语补足语,修饰主语all men,故填形容词equal;第二空修饰谓语be treated,应填副词equally。句意:我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,享受平等待遇。4.(2014四川高考改编)The manager was (satisfy) to see many new products developed after great effort.satisfied。be satisfied to do“对做满意”。5.(2014上海高考改编)Your brain will come to see the workout itselfthe reward.as。see.as.为固定搭配,意为“将看作”。句意:你的大脑将会将锻炼本身视为一种奖励。6.(2013湖北高考改编)At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the(drama) beauty of the valley.dramatic。空处修饰名词beauty,故填形容词dramatic“给人深刻印象的”。7.(2013陕西高考改编)A birdwatcher,armed with a telescope,found the pet sitting(desperate) on a rock.desperately。空处修饰动词sitting,应用副词。desperately“绝望地”。 8.(2012北京高考改编)Jerry did not regret the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.giving。句意:Jerry不后悔给出评论,但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达。regret doing sth.“后悔做过某事”。9.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he (focus) more on its culture.focused。句意:乔治将要谈到他们国家的地理,可是我宁愿他多关注文化。would rather后的从句应用虚拟语气,谓语用动词的过去式,表示与现在或将来的事实相反。10.(2011广东高考改编)Afterwhile I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.a。句意:不久,我从座位上站起来,走到公交车的前面。after a while“不久,一会之后”。 二、单元话题微写作疾病根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。1.在过去30年,艾滋病已经成为在全球蔓延的流行病,引起了公众的关注。(epidemic;a cause for concern)2.中国政府充分意识到其危害性,已经采取了很多措施。(be aware of;take measures)3.例如,建立并且改善疾病预防体系,给穷困的艾滋病人免费发放药品。(establish)4.总之,我们相信一定有办法消灭这种疾病。(have faith;stop sth.in its tracks)AIDS has been a widespread epidemic for over 30 years,making it a cause for public concern across the world.The Chinese government is well aware of the problem and many effective measures have been taken to fight against it,for example:establishing and improving a disease prevention system,delivering medicine to poor AIDS patients for free.All in all,we have faith that there will be solutions to stopping AIDS in its tracks.
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