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动词时态和语态高中知识点和考点LOGOPart 1Part 1 动词语态时态主动动词时态（谓） 时时 时态时态 体体现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来标志标志一般一般V/三单Vp.will Vwould V进行进行am/is/arev-ingwas/werev-ingwill bev-ingwould bev-ingbe v-ing完成完成have/hasp.phadp.pwill havep.pwould havep.phave p.p完成进行完成进行have/hasbeen v-inghave been v-ing被动动词时态（谓） 时时 时态时态 体体 现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来标志标志一般一般进行进行be v-ing完成完成have p.p完成进行完成进行have been v-ing一般体：表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态 一般现在时 表示客观真理、科学事实 状语从句主将从现 条件 if/unless/even if 时间 when/before/until/as soon as/the moment/once 让步 no matter wh-/wh-ever 一般过去时 表示“刚才，在过去”，暗示现在“已不在这样” 一般将来时 will be going to + V be about to + V be to + V 一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划、安排好的将来要发生的动作或状态 一般过去将来时 表示过去的将来发生的事情，是以过去为参照点一般将来时will表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事情的固有属性或必然趋势； Tom will come back next week. Fish will die without water.be going to+ V 表示“计划、打算要做某事”；表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断； He is going to speak on TV this evening. Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.be about to + V 表示“立即的将来”因此，该句型很少与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和when引导的状语从句连用； The train is about to start.一般将来时 be to + V 1、表示“按计划或安排要做的事” When are you to leave for home? She is to be married next month.这种结构也用于过去。was/were to do sth.表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示命运（即命中注定要发生的事），而非计划was/were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划 一般将来时 I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。 They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们告了别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。 We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。一般将来时 2.表示“应该”，相当于should,ought to You are to report to the police. What is to be done? 3.表示“必须”，相当于must, have to The letter is to be handed to him in person. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 4.表示“想，打算”，相当于intend, want If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 5.用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见。 Am I go on with the work? What are we to do next? 一般将来时 6.用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于mustnt The books in this room are not to be taken outside. You are not to smoke in the reading-room. 7.表示“可以，可能”，相当于may, can The news is to be ound in the evening paper. Such people are to be found everywhere. She is nowhere to be found. 8.were to do sth.用于even if/even though从句中，表示对未来的假设 If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me? Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing.一般将来时 9.be to blame(该受责备，对某件坏事应负责任）与be to let(待出租)两种结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 Which driver is to blame for the accident? This house is to let.进行体 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 1、一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，、一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。短动作用一般体。进行体 I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. （暂时性） Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. （未完性） Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. （“变化”尚未完成） 2、表示动作的未完性、暂时性、表示动作的未完性、暂时性。进行体 Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my Mum. 3、表示计划、安排要做的事、表示计划、安排要做的事。 I first met Lisa years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time. 4、表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况、表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。 He is always thinking of others first. He is always making the same mistake. 5、表示反复出现或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，、表示反复出现或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与常与always, continually, constantly连用连用 6、瞬间动词的进行体可以表将来。、瞬间动词的进行体可以表将来。现在完成时 In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. He has written 8 books so far. 1、一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在为止。、一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在为止。 表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past days/years, since then, up to now, so far, by now等。等。现在完成时 He has turned off the light. = The light is off now. The concert has started. = The concert is on now. I have already seen the film. = I konw the film now. 2、一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的、一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already, just, yet, never, before等。等。现在完成时3、This / It is the first/second.time + that从句。从句。 从句用现在完成时。 4、在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间以前已完成的动、在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间以前已完成的动作。作。I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 5、瞬间动词（非延续性动词、终止性动词） 瞬间动词一般不用完成时态，也不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要瞬间动词一般不用完成时态，也不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应 的变换。但是否定式可用完的变换。但是否定式可用完成时，可以接表示一段时间的状语。成时，可以接表示一段时间的状语。判断正误He has come to Kunming since last year.He has lived in Kunming since last year.He has joined the army for 3 years.He has served in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.He has been a soldier for 3 years.It is 3 years since he joined the army.He has joined the army.现在完成时句型转换He left his office 3 hours ago. He his office for 3 hours. It 3 hours since he left his office.He has been dead for 4 years. He ago. It is he died.过去完成时 She had learned some English before she came to the institute. He said that he had been aborad for 3 years 1、一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它（即表、一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它（即表“过去的过过去的过去去”），那么发生在前的事情的动词须用过去完成时。），那么发生在前的事情的动词须用过去完成时。过去完成时 By then he had learned English for 3 years. Until the he had konwn nothing about it yeat. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作。 常用的时间状语有：by then, by that time, by the end of, before 2000, by the time + 句子等。过去完成时 3、Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when.; No sooner had.done.than.when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚.就.” Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 4、It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。 since从句中谓语动词用过去完成时 It was ten years since we had had such a nice time. 5、That/It was the first/second.time+that从句。 that从句要用过去完成时过去完成时 I had hoped to see more of Kunmming. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow. 6、表示愿望、打算一类的词，如表示愿望、打算一类的词，如:hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。将来完成时 By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成。 常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”完成进行体 现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。 完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合，因此它具备完成体和进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩等”的特点。 He has been learning English for 6 years. 强调到现在还在学 It has been raining for 3 days. 强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩用所给动词的适当形式填空It wont be long before such a thing (happen).The careless driver has just been fined $10 for stopping his car at a sigh that (read)NO PARKING.-Watch!-I (watch)but I (not see)anything unusual.Helen (leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband (come) home.- Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yeasterday?-No, but we (try) to get in touch with them ever since.THANK YOU!
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