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第第 十十 二二 章章 句句 子子 的的 种种 类类句子是具有一定语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三类，而根据使用目的，则可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句。1. 句子的类型主语+不及物动词 (主、谓结构)：The baby is sleeping.主语+及物动词+宾语 (主、谓、宾结构)：The baby drinks milk every day.主语+连系动词+表语 (主、系、表结构)：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.简单句常见的连系动词有：be，become，get，turn，feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem。主语+及物动词+间接宾语 (人)+直接宾语 (物)=主语+及物动词+直接宾语 (物)+to/for间接宾语 (人)此类及物动词有：give，pass，show，lend，buy等，但buy与for连用：My mother bought me a watch on my 16th birthday.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(作宾补的词：名词、形容词、不定式、动词-ing形式)：We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.并列句由并列连词and，or，so，while，yet，but等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成并列句(其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句)：My father is outgoing，but my mother is very quiet.复合句由一个主句和一个或以上的从句构成：I really cant find out who has broken the windows.2. 句子的种类句子种类 (按使用目的分类) 陈述句(用来陈述事实)肯定句：He is fond of collecting stamps.否定句：He hasnt written a letter to his mother yet.疑问句(用来提出问题)一般疑问句： Are you a policeman？ Yes，I am./No，I am not.特殊疑问句：Whats your e-mail address？反意疑问句：There are few people in the room，are there？ 选择疑问句 Do you like football or basketball？ I like basketball.祈使句 (用来发出请求或命令)肯定句：Come on！No smoking！ 否定句：Dont be late for school！ 感叹句(表示强烈的感情)How : How beautiful the flower is！What : What a beautiful flower it is！考 点 1 感 叹 句感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句一般由what或how开头。what用来强调名词，how则用来强调形容词、副词或动词。1. 感叹句的基本句型(1) What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语：What a lovely girl she is！What an exciting match it was！若形容词为元音音素开头则用what an，若形容词为辅音音素开头则用what a。(3) How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语: How delicious the food is！(2) What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语:What beautiful pictures they are！有些不可数名词如rain，wind，breakfast，lunch，success，surprise前面有形容词修饰时，要用what a/an。(4) How+主语+谓语：How time flies！2. 以what开头的感叹句和以how开头的感叹句可以相互转换，意思不变，但要改变句子结构。如：What a lovely girl she is！=How lovely the girl is！ (=How lovely a girl she is！)What lovely girls they are！=How lovely the girls are！热身真题热身真题( ) _ angry Kangkang looks! What happened? He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday.（2016福州市) A. How B. What C. What an中考真题A考 点 2 疑 问 句用以提问或表示疑问的句子叫疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句一般分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句: 助动词和be动词提前直接用Yes或No来回答: Does she do the washing？ Yes，she does./No，she doesnt 选择疑问句(1) 一般疑问句+or+供选择的部分: Is he reading books or doing homework？ He is reading books./Reading books.(2) 特殊疑问句+A or B : Which do you like better，the red one or the green one？ The red one.不能用Yes和No来回答，要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式来回答特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 (Wh或 How)+一般疑问句不能直接用Yes或No来回答，要用一个词或词组，也可以用一个完整的句子来回答: Where does he live？ Paris./He lives in Paris.(1) how many用于询问数量，针对可数名词复数形式提问，意为 “多少”。如：How many siblings do you have.(2) how long用于询问 “时间多长，多久”。一般针对过去时、将来时或完成时提问，不对将来时进行提问，意为 “多长，多久”。如：How long did you stay in Hong Kong last time？注意：重点关注 how引出的词组，如how many，how long，how often，how soon，how far的用法区分。 (3) how often用于询问 “时间的频率”，意为 “多久一次”。如： How often do you water the flowers？(5) how far用于询问距离，意为 “多远”。如：How far is it from here to the bus stop？(4) how soon意为 “多久”，强调未来还需要多长时间，针对将来时提问。如：How soon will you arrive？ 真题热身真题热身( )1. is the nearest hospital from here? Er, its about ten minutes walk.（2016福州市) A. How long B. How far C. How often( ) 2. These shoes look cool. _ are they? They are on sale, only $69.（2016厦门市) A. How much B. How long C. How many中考真题BA考考 点点 3 祈祈 使使 句句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等，主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。基本结构基本结构例子例子答句答句肯定句动词原形+表语/宾语！ Hurry up！/Be careful！ Yes，I/we will.No，I/we wont.否定句Dont+动词原形+表语/宾语！Dont be late！No+名词/动名词！No photos！/No smoking！Lets not+动词原形Lets not play football. 真题热身真题热身( ) 1. Tommy, _ play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car. (2016广东省) A. do B. dont C. must D. mustnt( ) 2. Daniel, _ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street. (2015盐城市) A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant中考真题BA
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