高考英语语法精讲与精练：第五章 动词与动词短语

高考英语语法精讲与精练：第五章 动词与动词短语第五章 动词与动词短语精讲与精练一、动词与动词短语讲前练：在空格处填入适当的单词（1个）Mr. Green has a beautiful garden. He keeps an eye 1_ it carefully every day. He thinks it 2_ sense to plant some vegetables in it. And he keeps the vegetables free from chemicals, which does good 3_ his health. His neighbors look 4_ to Mr. Green, who often turn 5_ him for advice when they come 6_ problems,which cant be figured 7_ on their own. This accounts 8_ Mr. Greens kindness and popularity.Last Sunday I paid a visit to Mr. Green. He gave me some advice on how to get rid 9_pests and take advantage 10_ the modern technology to produce tasty vegetables, which made me pleased.Keys:1.on 2.makes 3.to 4.up 5.to 6.across 7.out 8.for 9.of 10.of【account for说明，解释，导致 figure out 弄清楚，弄明白，计算出，解决】二、动词与动词短语考点精讲：动词与动词短语考点1、动词的分类：1.行为动词(1)及物动词（可以直接带宾语）He gave me some advice on how to get rid of pets.(2)不及物动词（不可以直接带宾语）A traffic accident happened on the Hong Xing road yesterday.2.系动词【系动词后常接形容词做表语，不接副词尤其是以ly结尾的副词作表语】1)、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如：He was a soldier two years ago.两年前他是个士兵。2)、表示“感觉”的动词，如look（看起来），feel（觉得，摸起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来）等，例如：The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。3)、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的动词，如become, go, get, grow, turn,come(true),fall(ill/asleep) 都解释为“变”、“变得”，例如：She became a college student.=She turned college student.她成了一名大学生。4)、表“保持和好像”等含义的动词如 keep,stay, remain，seem,appear,proveIt is important to keep healthy.3.情态动词：can(could),must, may(might),should ，had better, would rather, have to【情态动词后必须接动词原形】4.助动词：这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如：(1)do、does、did：构成否定句或疑问句【这类助动词后必须接动词原形】He does not speak English well.他英语讲得不好。（句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与not一起构成否定形式。）(2)is、am、are、were、was：构成进行时态、完成进行时或被动语态Football is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球。（句中的is 是助动词，和played一起构成被动语态。）(3)has、have、had：构成完成时态When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。(4)will、shall、would:构成将来时态【这类助动词后必须接动词原形】I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 月底我再给你写封信。（shall与write构成一般将来时,shall用于将来时只用在I和we的后面。）动词与动词短语考点2、常考高频动词短语感知真题：在空格处填入适当的词（1词）1.【2017天津卷改编】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle_, get married, and have kids.Keys:down【settle down 定居;安顿下来】2.【2017江苏改编】Working with the medical team in Africa has brought_ the best in her as a doctor. Keys:out 【bring out使显现，出版，阐明】3.【2016江苏改编】Many businesses started up by college students have taken_thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. Keys:off 【take off起飞，成功，受欢迎】4.【2016江苏改编】Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage_the opportunity to join sports teams. Key:of 【 take advantage of 利用】5.【2016浙江改编】12.When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt cut _from the world. Keys: off 【cut off切断】动词与动词短语考点3、熟词生义词汇翻译下列句子并注意黑体字的含义1.The school admits 200 new boys and girls every year.Key:学校每年招收200名新生。【admit:熟义：承认，允许生义：招收，接纳】2.Book in advance if you want to be sure of a seat.Key:如果你要确保有座位，你就提前预定【book:熟义：书生义：预定】3.A journalist was sent tocoverthe traffic accident.Key:一个记者被派去采访这次的交通事故。【cover:熟义：覆盖，封面，盖子生义：采访，涉及】4.But she was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.Keys:但是她非常伤心，因为丢失了几卷还未冲洗的柯达胶卷。【film:熟义：电影生义：胶卷】【develop: 熟义：发展生义：冲洗】5.The boy first showed promise as an athlete in primary school.Keys:这个男孩在上小学的时候就初次显示出成为运动员的潜力/希望。【promise:熟义：承诺生义：希望，迹象，预示】三、动词与动词短语应考技巧重点要在理解的基础上熟记常用动词和动词短语的含义与用法。四、考点精练(一)完形填空（2021年新高考 I 卷）【以此真题说明动词与动词短语是高考完形填空中的考查重点】语言运用第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）图片My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.图片My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41little bunny ( 兔子 ) cakes for all its 42throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43help during our spring break, for which I had no44beyond listening to my favorite records. Id45minimum wage. Id see how a factory46. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsys dad with their47.图片Our48in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49bunny from the belt. This was50than it sounds.51a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than Id 52.图片Dad 53. The son of a grocer, hed spent the summers of his childhood54food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you55the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.图片41. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved图片42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens图片43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary图片44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies图片45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest图片46. A. worked B. closed C. developedD. survived图片47. A. ambition B. permission C. experience D. invitation图片48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices图片49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove图片50. A. harder B. betterC. longer D. cheaper图片51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on图片52. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered图片53. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused图片54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering图片55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate图片【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. D图片动词考查统计：15道题中共9道题考查动词或动词短语，可见动词和动词短语的重要性。【解析】图片【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。图片【41题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制；C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。图片【42题详解】图片考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。图片【43题详解】图片考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial财政的；C. technical技术的；D. temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。图片【44题详解】图片考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies爱好。根据“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我没有其他计划。故选A。图片【45题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得； C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。图片【46题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据“Id see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A。图片【47题详解】图片考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的同意。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历；D. invitation邀请。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。图片【48题详解】图片考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. joys欢乐；B. ideas观点；C. roles任务；D. choices选择。根据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。图片【49题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移动。根据“bunny from the belt.”可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。图片【50题详解】图片考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的；C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。图片【51题详解】图片考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来；B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据“and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。图片【52题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的要紧张。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目击；C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据“This was 50 than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。图片【53题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, hed spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。图片【54题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送货。根据“The son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。图片【55题详解】图片考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠；C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。图片(二)单句语法填空训练1.【2021全国甲卷】The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It _41_ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty.Key: was built 考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。2.【2021全国乙卷】Minimize the impact of 67 (visit)the place.Key:visiting 句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。知识拓展：介词宾语如果是及物动词，常用动名词作宾语；但在语法填空题中，如果给的词是不及物动词，则考虑变为名词。如：变式练：Maximize the impact of 67 (educate).Key: education 句意：将教育的影响最大化。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词，名词或代词来作介词of的宾语，但由于给的词educate在句中是不及物动词，故填名词形式education。3.【2021浙江高考卷】After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 45 （sell）most of their furniture.Key: sold 考查并列句式的动词形式。and前面的并列的动词rented用的是过去式，sell同样要用过去式。4.【2020全国卷】“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because itmeans we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68(construct).”Key: is constructed 考查时态和语态。句意:月球是如何形成修建的；根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处要用一般现在时的被动语态。解这道题的关键是要了解一下两点：construct一词的含义；construct是及物动词。5.【2020全国卷】Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.Key:celebration。考查词性转换。根据空前面的不定冠词a可知此处需要名词,空后面的现在分词短语作定语修饰名词celebration。知识拓展：-tion和-sion是两个常用的动词变名词的后缀。冠词一般是用在名词前面，反过来说就是：冠词后面一般要用名词。6.【2019浙江6月卷】But some students didnt want 63. (wear) the uniform.Key:to wear 考查固定搭配，want to do sth.想做某事。7.The witness left _ an important detail when describing the accident.Key: out 考查动词短语leave out 遗漏。8.Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I cant seem to get_.key:through 考查动词短语 get through 接通电话。9.-It _sense to plant trees and grass on the hillside.-Yes,They help stop soil from being washed away.Key:makes 考查动词短语make sense 有意义。10.My camera cant be _(adjust) to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.Key:adjusted11.Kiki will give up the job and have to find some other work because he cant put up _ this loud noise any longer.Key: with 考查动词短语put up with忍受。12.He burst _laughing, and it was some time before he could control himself.Key: out 考查动词短语burst out 突然爆发。13.Nowadays,people have to deal_ natural disasters caused by global warning.Key: with 考查动词短语deal with处理。14.【2018全国I】You dont have to run fast or for long_(see)the benefit.key to see考查动词不定式作目的状语。15.【2018全国I】You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running.Key:dying ，此处不能填名词death，因为有副词early修饰，副词是修饰动词而不是修饰名词的，故此处填动名词。16. 【2018全国II】Since 2011,the country _（grow）more corn than rice.Key: has grown 考查动词时态,含有since引导的时间状语时，主句常用现在完成时态。17. 【2018全国II】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ (improve) water quality.Key: to improve 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：政府鼓励农民们种植更多的玉米而不是水稻来提高水质；此处是目的状语，故填to improve。18. 【2018全国III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 1 _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.key:looking 考查固定搭配 avoid doing 避免做.