高考英语备考 语法专题(五)名词性从句课件

2011高考英语备考课件：语法专题(五)名词性从句语法专题(五)名词性从句 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 1连接代词和连接副词在句中不是疑问词，从句中要用陈述语序。 2连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分；连接词whether，if，as if在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；连接词that在从句中不充当句子成分，且无含义，有时可省略。 这样考过 (绵阳诊断)It doesnt matter to me _ I miss my train，because theres another one later. AthatBif Cunless Dwhen 解析：if“如果”，表条件。句意为：如果我赶不上这班火车，也没有关系，因为接下来还有一班。unless“除非”；when“当时候”。 答案：B (北京东城区)_ Obama was elected president of the USA is a big success for the blacks in America. A/ BThat CWhat DAs 解析：that引导主语从句。 答案：B 3whether和if的区别： (1)whether和if在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用。 这样考过 (北京)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. Awhen BHow Cwhy Dif 解析：句意：一开始他不喜欢这份新工作，但还是决定给自己几个月的时间来看一看是否情况会有好转。此题考查宾语从句。D项表示“是否”，符合题意。 答案：D (2)后面直接跟or或or not时，只能用whether。 这样考过 (2010厦门双十中学)Dad，Ive finished my assignment. Good，and _ you play or watch TV，you mustnt disturb me. Ano matter Bwhenever Cwhatever Dwhether 答案：D (3)在介词之后引导宾语从句时，只用whether。 这样考过 (2006江苏)We havent settled the question of_it is necessary for him to study abroad. Aif Bwhere Cwhether Dthat 解析：所填连词和后面句子一起作介词of的宾语，后面句中有地点状语，故B不正确，作介词的宾语，应用whether。 答案：C (4)用if会引起歧义时，用whether： Please let me know if you want to go. 请通知我你是否想来。/如果你想来请通知我。 Please let me know whether you want to go. 请通知我你是否想来。 可能这样考 Imagine you are in the situation，and discuss_you should do something at once. Athat Bwhat Cif Dwhether 解析：注意区别if和whether的用法；discuss后的宾语从句不能用if引导。 答案：D (5)其他几种只用whether的情况：引导表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句时；引导主语从句置于句首时；后接动词不定式时。 可能这样考 _ it is necessary to study the proposals for several more months before making a decision is to be debated. AWhether BIf CWhat DThat 解析：此处为whether引导的主语从句。 答案：A 4what，which，who，when，where，how等与whatever，whichever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however等引导名词性从句的区别： 后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。 这样考过 (北京西城区)Hi，Peter.You seem to have gained a lot of weight. Well，good food，not enough exercise.Thats _ I got fat. Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhether 解析：上文提到Peter你似乎体重增加了，Peter回答说，是的，吃好的，缺乏锻炼，这就是我怎么长胖的。 答案：A (邢台模拟)_ student you are，you cant work out the problem in such a short time. AWhatever clever BHowever clever CHowever clever a DWhatever clever a 解析：however clever awhatever a clever.故选C. 答案：C 5whatever，whichever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however等与no matter what，no matter which，no matter who，no matter when，no matter where，no matter how的区别：前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句；而“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 这样考过 (湖南)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhoever 解析：句意：她是我们心爱的宝贝。我们准备不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。whateveranything that，连接宾语从句，兼作takes的宾语。 答案：C (2006山东)_ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. ANo matter what BNo matter which CWhatever DWhichever 解析：句意：在周六的比赛上无论哪个队赢都将直接去参加全国冠军联赛。根据句意应该排除A、C无论什么。A项只可引导让步状语从句，C既引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。同理B项no matter which只引导让步状语从句。D项既可以引导让步状语从句又可引导名词性从句“无论哪一个”。根据题意，故选D项。 答案：D 二、主语从句 1由what，whatever，whoever等引导的主语从句，必须置于谓语动词之前，不能用it作形式主语。 这样考过 (2010潍坊测试)_，youll never be able to persuade him. ANo matter how good advice you give BHowever good advice do you give CNo matter what good you give advice DWhatever good advice you give答案：答案：D (2010浙江三校联考)Im stuck with this problem；you may ask _ knows better than I. Aanyone Bno matter who Cwho Dwhoever 答案：D (北京宣武区)_ annoyed him most was that he had received no apology. AHow BWhy CWhat DWhich 解析：句意为，最让他烦心的是：还没有人向他道过歉。 答案：C 2.由that引导的主语从句，that不充当句子成分，其引导的主语从句，通常用it作形式主语。 这样考过 (2006浙江)_ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy. AAs BThat CThis DIt 解析：本题考查It is 表语(形、名)that 引导的主语从句。答案：答案：D 3由which，when，where，whether等引导的主语从句，可置于谓语动词前，也可用it作形式主语。 特例：如果主句是疑问句，就只能用it作形式主语。如： Hasnt it been decided yet when and where well hold the sports meeting? 还没有决定我们将会在什么时候和地点举行运动会吗？ 这样考过 (北京崇文区)_ really makes me angry when I see people dropping litter. AThat BAs CWhat DIt 解析：此题考查形式主语it的用法it代替when引导的从句做形式主语。 答案：D 4几种常见的含主语从句句型的译法： (1)Its said that.，据说 (2)Its written that.，据记载 (3)Its reported that.，据报导 (4)Its well known that.，众所周知 (5)It(so)happens that.，碰巧 这样考过 (2008成都)Albert Einstein is said _to play the violin in order to relax himself when tired. Ato have learnt Bto be learning Cto learn Dlearning 解析：此句是“It is said that Albert Einstein had learnt to play the violin in order to relax himself when(he was)tired.”的另外一种表达形式。B项表示动作正在进行；C项表示陈述现在的事实；而爱因斯坦已经学会了拉小提琴，强调的是结果，因此这两项不正确。答案：答案：A (2010抚顺六校二模拟)_ was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise _ he would give each of us a small gift. AAs; which BWhat; that CIt; that DIt; which 答案：C 三、宾语从句 1作动词的宾语 (1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)。但是有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只能省略第一个宾语从句的连词that。 I heard(that)he had graduated. 这样考过 (湖南浏阳一中)The data shows _ successful people have in common is _ they have perseverance. Athat that; that Bthat what; that Cwhat that; what Dall that; because 答案：B (2007湖南)Having checked the doors were closed，and _all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. Awhy Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 解析：check 后面有两个宾语从句，后一个宾语从句的that 不能省。that在句中不作任何成分。 答案：B (2)由what、whether/if等引导的宾语从句。 这样考过 (桂平模拟) Fangfang seems lost in thought over there. Yes，she is thinking _ she will work in Beijing or in her hometown after graduation. AthatBwhether CwhichDhow 解析：由句中的“or”知选B，构成结构whether.or.是还是。其他选项不合语境。 答案：B (成都检测)While traveling in Sichuan，you cant miss _ people call“The National Treasure”Giant Panda. Athat Bit Cwhat Dwhich 解析：本题中的动词miss后接了一个宾语从句，又由于动词call后需要接双宾语，故选用what在该宾语从句中充当宾语从句中动词call的(直接)宾语。 答案：C (3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。 这样考过 (2006全国)Please remind me_ he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off. Awhere Bwhen Chow Dwhat 解析：根据后面的句意：“我可能要为他送行”推测说话人所关心的应是“何时动身”，故选when一词。 答案：B (2005重庆)The old ladys hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor_ this shaking had begun half a year before，and_，only because of this，she had been forced to give up her job. Awhen; how Bhow; when Chow; how Dwhy; why 解析：由句中给出的时间状语half a year before 可知不能再选含有when的选项，故排除A、B两项，这位老太太是在向医生说明情况，故她自己并不知道手哆嗦的原因，故可排除D项 why。正由于手哆嗦，她又是怎样被迫放弃了工作。 答案：C 2作介词的宾语 这样考过 (湖南湘潭中学)When she was awake，she found that she was standing on _ seemed to be a piece of stone. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dit 解析：stand on后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少引导词兼主语，that引导的从句一般不作介词宾语，it不引导宾语从句，which必须给定选择范围才能用。 答案：C (2010湖南师大附中)Getting good marks is about _ to prepare for and to write exams but not just about _ facts you know. Awhat; what Bhow; that Chow; what Dwhat; which 答案：C 这样考过 3.that很少在介词的后面引导宾语从句，只在except，but，besides和in之后才用。 (福州八中)The suit fitted him well _ the color was a little brighter. A.except for Bexcept that Cexcept when Dbesides that 解析：except that/ when从句(除以外)；except for(除之外)，用来表示从某一细节方面来修正前面概括性的说法，其后的宾语一般与句子所涉及的东西不属于同类；beside(除之外，还有)其后不加句子。由句意：这身衣服他穿很合体，就是颜色有点艳。综上，选B。答案：答案：B 还可能这样考 Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication _ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. Ain that Bin which Cin order that Din the way 解析：本句中，介词in的作用是指在某一方面与其他形式的communication的不同，that引导的从句作介词的宾语。 答案：A 4介词之后的宾语从句一般不用which或if连接，要用what或whether。 这样考过 (柳州模拟)After _ seemed an endless wait，it was his turn to have the interview. Awhat Bthat Cwhen Dwhich 解析：what为关系代词指代后面的it，作介词after的宾语。 答案：A 5某些表语形容词(如sure，certain，glad，surprised等)之后也可带宾语从句。 这样考过 (2006湖南)With his work completed，the businessman stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased_ he was a man of action. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether 解析：这句话的意思是，这个生意人完成了工作后，就回到座位上，高兴的是自己是一个雷厉风行的人，feel/be pleased that为固定句式。 答案：B 四、表语从句 1在复合句中作主句的表语，位于主句系动词之后。 2表语从句的引导词与主语从句相同，另外还有as if/as though(似乎，好像)及because等。 注意：引导表语从句表原因，只能用because，不可用as，since： This is because he loves arts.这是因为他热爱艺术。 主句主语是reason时，表语从句引导词用that，不用because： The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus.他迟到的原因是没赶上头班车。 这样考过 (浙江台州中学)The reason _ Sun Haiping explained _ Liu Xiangs quitting the competition was _ Lius leg hurt badly. Awhy; to; that Bwhy; for; that Cthat; for; because Dthat; for; that 答案：D (2008桂林十八中)Great changes have taken place in that factory.It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago，_ it was so poorly equipped. Awhat; when Bthat; which Cwhat; which Dwhich; that 解析：what引导表语从句，when引导定语从句。 答案：A (启东中学)You see，Im poor in maths；you are not good at English，and. Thats _ we should help each other. Awhen Bwhere Chow Dwhat 解析：由句意：你知道，我数学差，你英语差。这正是我们应该互相帮助的地方。where引导一个表语从句，并作从句的地点状语。 答案：B 五、同位语从句 1在句中作某一名词的同位语。一般位于该词(如news，fact，idea，suggestion，promise，information，order，hope，truth，question等)之后，说明其具体内容。 I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 (when he will be back作名词idea的同位语) (南通调研)A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might substitute the hero to buy some flowers for his mothers 60th birthday. Aif Bwhen CThat Dwhich 解析：that引导的同位语从句用来说明a warm thought，由于谓语部分短小，形成了分隔式情况，that在从句中不充当句子成分。 答案：C这样考过这样考过 (浙江)Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem. Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dwhat 解析：句意：你到机场来接我行吗？没问题。that引导同位语从句，说明possibility的内容。 答案：B (江西)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dthough 解析：句意：近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担扰。本题考查同位语从句。该题同位语从句结构完整，故选连词that。 答案：C (四川)News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Bejing University. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere 解析：句意：学校办公室传出了王琳已经被北京大学录取的消息。这是一道考查同位语从句的题目，that引导的从句是news的同位语。 答案：C 2同位语从句与定语从句的区别 “that完整句子”具有同位性质，“that不完整句子”构成定语从句：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 The suggestion(that)he raised at the meeting is very good.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略) The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略) 这样考过 (江西名校信息卷)The moment _ Leo will never forget is _ Mr.Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing. A/; when B.that; that Cwhen; that Dwhen; where 解析：由第一空应用that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the moment，且在定语从句中作forget的宾语，that可以省略；第二空选引导表语从句的连接词when，并在表语从句中作时间状语。故选A。 答案：A (晋江联考)The news came，as expected，_ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS. Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 解析：as expected相当于as was expected，是插入成分。that引导的同位语从句修饰the news。 答案：B 3suggestion，order，command，advice，demand等词的同位语从句和表语从句须用虚拟语气，谓语用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 这样考过 (陕西质检)Our suggestion is that the central bank _ the interest rate for a second time. Anot raise Bdoesnt raise Cwont raise Dshant raise 解析：主语suggestion后的同位语从句或表语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should动词原形，should可以省略，选A。 答案：A .单项填空 1His parents try to do everything for him. Thats _ they are mistaken. Awhere Bwhen Chow Dwherever 答案与解析：A考查表语从句的连接词。根据语法知识可知，“_ they are mistaken”为表语从句，且they are mistaken不缺成分，故横线处应为连接副词，根据题意“那就是他们的错误之所在”可知，A项正确。 2_ I know about this competition is that it is held every two years. AThat BWhat CAs DHow 答案与解析：B考查主语从句。主语从句中缺少宾语，所以用what。 3Word has gone around _ more university graduates will be employed by the company. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhether 答案与解析：C考查名词性从句。that引导的从句与主语word构成同位语的关系。 4After months of voyage，Columbus arrived in _ later proved a new continent. Awhere Bwhat Cwhich Dthat 答案与解析：B考查名词性从句。从句中可以看出介词in后面的从句中缺少主语，因此选择what，并充当介词in的宾语。 5The book will be given to _ wins the first prize. Aanyone Bwho Cwhoever Dwhomever 答案与解析：C考查宾语从句。语境：谁拿到一等奖，就把这本书给谁。分析句子成分可知，从空白处到句末为介词to的宾语从句，因从句缺少主语，因此应选whoever，相当于anyone who。 6In his letter was his promise _ he would spend the Christmas Eve with me. Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhether 答案与解析：A考查同位语从句。语境：他在信中写了要与我共度平安夜的诺言。空格后为同位语从句，意义完整，故用that引导。 7Confidence and efforts are _ the international community needs now to counter the ongoing financial crisis. Awhy Bthat Cwhat Dwhen 答案与解析：Cwhat引导表语从句且在从句中作宾语。句意为：为了迎对正在发生的国际金融危机，国际组织所需要的是信心和努力。 8Many people agree that _ there is a wall，there is a door. Ain which Bwhere Cwhich Dthat 答案与解析：Bwhere在题中引导地点状语。 9California police discovered five people died in _ they said appeared to be a murder. Athat Bwhat Cwhere Dwhich 答案与解析：B空格处所填的词为in的宾语，且作appeared to be a murder的主语，故用what。 10. My consideration is _ the financial crisis(危机)in the USA will heavily influence China. Awhich Bif Cwhat Dwhy 答案与解析：Dwhy引导表语从句且在从句中表示原因，作状语。A、C引导名词性从句时需在其中作成分，if与语义不符。 11(2010长春调研)_ you have picked up，you must give it back to _ it belongs to. AWhatever; whoever BWhat; no matter who CNo matter what; no matter who DWhatever; no matter who 答案：A 12A strange thing suddenly occurred to me in my childhood.It was _ I was ten. Awhile Bwhen Cas Duntil 答案与解析：B根据上下文知“当时我十岁”，故用when引导表语从句。 13America was _ was first called“India”by Columbus. Athat Bwhere Cwhat Dthe place 答案与解析：Cwhat引导表语从句，同时又充当从句的主语。where也可以引导表语从句，但不能作主语；that只引导从句，但不充当句子成分。此句中whatthe place that。 14The professor in the end decided to give the prize to _ he believed had a good command of English. Awho Banyone Cwhoever Dwhomever 答案与解析：C考查代词。句意为：教授最后决定给任何英语学得好的人颁发奖品。whoever既作了to的宾语，同时作了had a good command of English的主语，whoeveranyone who/the person who，可在句中作主语或宾语，也可同时既作主语又作宾语，此处he believed是插入语，whomever是whoever的宾格形式，在句中作宾语，通常可由whoever来代替。例如：She gave a smile to whoever/whomever she met in the street. 15Nowadays teachers tend to be more dependent on _ is thought to be a great teaching aidthe computer. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Das 答案与解析：C考查名词性从句。句意为：现如今许多教师更多地依赖于被认为是教学帮手的电脑。连接代词what引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中充当主语。 16She has been in _ doctors describe as a vegetative(植物的)state for six years. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dhow 答案与解析：A考查名词性从句。所填词作介词in的宾语，同时作后面从句中describe的宾语，所以选择what(相当于something that)。 17Determination is a kind of basic quality and is _ it takes to do jobs well. Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhy 答案与解析：A考查名词性从句。本句考查表语从句，what引导表语从句，并在表语从句中作takes的宾语。 18Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhen 答案与解析：B考查同位语从句的用法。由于句中出现插入语，导致判断失误。可以把句子语序调整为“But believe it or not，I still remember the story _ we got lost on a rainy night”，这样就容易判断出“_ we got lost on a rainy night”是解释story的具体内容，是同位语从句，不是定语从句，可以排除A和D。同位语从句句子成分齐全，所以选择B。本题容易误选其他答案，主要是对句子结构没分析到位。 19A man who purchased _ he thought was an expensive dog was shocked to learn recently that this pet was actually an arctic fox. Athat Bwhich Cit Dwhat 答案与解析：D考查名词性从句。根据题意：一个人买了只狗，原以为是名贵品种，最近却惊讶地得知，这只宠物狗实际上是一只北极狐。what引导的宾语从句作purchase的宾语，在从句中作主语成分。本题的迷惑点是he thought，作插入语，对整个句子成分没有影响。that在引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作成分，所以不能选A。