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1.定义2.转换3.人称变化4.时态变化5.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化6.Exercises2.时态不变情况1.时态变化情况一、定义：引述某人的话一般采取两种形式：一是原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话语不放 在引号内，这叫做间接引语。直接引语一般前后加引号，间接引语不用 加引号。间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。例如：Mr. Black said: “Im busy.” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语）Mr. Black said that he was busy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）二、转换1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时， 用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“I will go to Beijing tomorrow,” said he.He said (that) he would go to Beijing the next day.2.一般疑问句 如果直接引语是一般疑问句 ，变为间接引语时，用if 或weather连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“Is she from America?” he said to me.3.特殊疑问句 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用特殊疑问词连接，将疑问语序改为陈述语序，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应变化。“When will you go to Chongqing?” he said to me.He asked me when I would go to Chongqing.4.祈使句 直接引语是祈使句时，变间接引语时须将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语。原主句谓语动词say须改为ask, tell, order, 等含有祈使意义的及物动词，构成 ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.。例如：“Please sit down and have a rest.” she said to us.She asked us to sit down and have a rest. 她让我们坐下来歇会。The teacher said: “Be careful with your pronunciation.” 否定的祈使句在改为间接引语时，须在不定式to前加not。例如：“Dont make so much noise, children!” she said. She told the children not to make so much noise.她叫孩子们别制造噪音。The teacher told us to be careful with our pronunciation.老师让我们注意发音。三、人称的变化：如果直接引语是第三者所说的话，或虽是自己所说的话，但听的人已经换了人，则人称要作相应的变化。如：He said: “ I will go to London by air”He said that he would go to London by air. 他说他要乘飞机去伦敦。I told him, “I dont agree with you.” I told him that I did not agree with him. 我告诉他我不赞同他。 “when will we go to Chongqing?”he said to her. He asked her when they would go to Chongqing.“You will come here tomorrow,” she said to me. She told me that I would go to there the next day.四、时态的变化四、时态的变化1.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如：直接引语直接引语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时cancanmaymaymustmustshallshallwillwill间接引语间接引语一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时couldcouldmightmighthad to; musthad to; mustshouldshouldwouldwould例句：He said: “I am from America.” He said that he was from America. 他说他来自美国。 He said: “ I am doing my homework.” He said that he was doing his homework. 他说他正在做家庭作业。 She said: “ I can manage it myself.” She said that she could manage it herself. 她说她可以自己做。 “I finished the work and Im tired,” he said. He said that he had finished the work and he was tired.他说他完成了这工作，有点累了。a主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原直接引主句中谓语动词的时态如果是现在时或将来时，则间接引语和原直接引语的时态一样，不作改变语的时态一样，不作改变。如 He says, “ I have finished my homework.” He says that he has finished his homework. 他说他已经完成了家庭作业 She will say, “I will do it tomorrow.” She will say that shell do it tomorrow. 她会说她明天做。“Im from America and I like pop music,” says Tom. Tom says that he is from America and he like pop music.2.时态不变的几种情况： b.有几种情况时，有几种情况时，尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词尽管主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词的时态也无须改变。的时态也无须改变。 直接引语有直接引语有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语一般可用一般过去时，而不用改为过去完成时时，而不用改为过去完成时。如：。如：Hesaid,“IjoinedthePartyin1938.HesaidthathejoinedthePartyin1938.他说他是他说他是1938年入的党。年入的党。所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变所转述的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、格言等，时态不变。如。如：Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.他说熟能生巧。他说熟能生巧。有些情态动词，如有些情态动词，如must，need，oughtto等，无过去时，变间接等，无过去时，变间接引语时，可以不变。如：引语时，可以不变。如：Hesaid,“Allmenmustdie.”Hesaidthatallmenmustdie.他说所有人都会死。他说所有人都会死。五、五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化，如，如 直接引语直接引语指示代词指示代词this this thesethese时时间间状状语语nownowtodaytodaythis morningthis morningtonighttonightagotomorrowtomorrowyesterdayyesterdaylast nightlast nightthe day before yesterdaythe day before yesterdaythree days agothree days agonext weeknext week地点状语地点状语herehere方向性动词方向性动词bringbringcomecome间接引语间接引语thatthatthosethosethenthenthat daythat daythat morningthat morningthat nightthat nightbeforethe next daythe next daythe day beforethe day beforethe night beforethe night beforetwo days beforetwo days beforethree days beforethree days beforethe next weekthe next weektheretheretaketakegogo例句：He said, “I saw a film yesterday and Ill see another next week.” He said that he had seen a film the day before and that he would see another the next week.他说他在前一天已经看过一场电影而且他下星期还要看另外一场电影。 “I met him three days ago and he brought these books to me.”Mary said to me. Mary told me she had met him three days before and he had taken those Books to her.Mary告诉我她三天前见过他,他当时给了她这些书.六、Exercise:1. “I will go to America next year ,”she said to me.2. “Have you invited her to dinner tonight?” Tom said to me.3. “How much money did you pay for the driver?” Mary said to him.4. “Please close the door,” the teacher said to the student. He told me that he would go to America the next year. Tom asked me if I had invited her to dinner that night.Mary asked me how much money I had paid for the driver.The teacher asked the student to close the door.5. “What are you looking for?” I said to her. I asked her what she was looking for.6. “Please go upstairs to bring me an umbrella,” he said to Jane. He asked Jane to go upstairs to take him an umbrella.7. “Arent you from Shanghai? “ I said to her.8. “I went to see a doctor last night,” he said to me.9. ”We are going to do our homework in your office,” he said to me.10. “How do you find his lecture?” He said to me.11. “This is my first time that I have come to China, “ he said.12. “Come and sit here,” he said to me. I asked her whether or not she was from Shanghai. He told me that he had gone to see a doctor the night before. He told me they were going to do their homework in my office.He asked me how I found his lecture.He said that that was his first time that he had come to ChinaHe asked me to go and sit there
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