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第第1414讲讲 非谓语动词非谓语动词 找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1. Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。1哪些是动词的谓语形式？哪些是动词的谓语形式？ dont teach，谓语动词否定式 2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 他以前有很好的记忆力。 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。1 had，谓语动词过去式 would be，附加情态动词的动词原形 4. Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播速度快得多。 5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 当问到原因时，就保持沉默。1 travels，谓语动词单数形式 keep，动词原形 6. The president was warmly welcomed by the residents. 总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。1 was welcomed，动词的被动形式1 谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式以及情态动词与动词连用的各种形式。 指出下列动词形式是谓语动词形式还是非谓语动词形式1. teaches_ 2. teaching_ 3. taught_ 4. being taught_ 5. will teach_2 哪些是动词的非谓语形式？哪些是动词的非谓语形式？省略to的不定式 过去式过去分词过去分词省略to的不定式 6. having taught_7. has taught_8. was taught_9. teach_ 10. are teaching_2省略to的不定式 过去式过去式过去式过去式2 动名词，现在分词，不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。换言之，不能作谓语的动词形式叫非谓语动词。 根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)1. 因为不按时上学，他经常受到老师批评。He is often criticized by the teacher because of _ _ to school on time.2. 因为不知道真相，这些村民抗议修建高速公路。_ _ _ the truth, the villagers protested against building an express way.3 非谓语动词的否定式怎么表达？非谓语动词的否定式怎么表达？ not going Not having known 3. 为了不让公众认出来，这个明星戴了副墨镜。In order _ _ _ _ by the public, the star wore a pair of sun glasses.4. 不叫你怎样做，就先休息一会。_ _ how to do it, take a rest first. 3not to berecognized Not told3 非谓语动词的否定式为 not 非谓语动词4非谓语动词有时态和语态吗非谓语动词有时态和语态吗？ 翻译下列句子，指出画线部分的语法术语名称1. Bell is generally considered to_have_invented the phone. 人们一般认为贝尔发明了电话。to have invented：动词不定式的完成式。4 2. The building being_built is a conference center.3. Having_lived abroad for two decades, he speaks good English. 正在修建的建筑是个会议中心。being built：现在分词的进行式。 在国外生活了20年，他讲一口流利的英语。having lived：现在分词的完成时。4 4. All the citizens around were praised for having_made great contributions to the development of the city.5. I have a lot of letters to_be_typed and you have to work overtime. 所有市民受到了表彰，因为他们为城市发展作出了重大贡献。having made：动名词的完成式。 我有许多信要打印，你得加班了。to be typed：动词不定式的被动式。4 6. His_having_been_given help all the time encourages him to be brave enough to face the difficulties. 一直得到别人的帮助，这让他有了面对困难的足够勇气。his having been given：动名词完成式的被动式的复合结构。4 非谓语动词不仅有时态，而且有语态，具体形式见下表 语态语态时时态态主动主动不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一般to dodoingdoing4 非谓语动词不仅有时态，而且有语态，具体形式见下表 语态语态时时态态被动被动不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一般to be donebeing donebeing done4语态时态主动主动不定式动名词现在分词过去分词完成to have donehaving donehaving done进行to be doing4语态语态时时态态被动被动不定式动名词现在分词过去分词完成to have been donehaving been donehaving been done进行to be being done4语态语态时时态态主动主动不定式动名词现在分词过去分词否定式 not 非谓语动词(含各种时态 注意：过去分词无所谓主动和被动式，有且只有一般式done4语态语态时时态态被被 动动不定式动名词现在分词过去分词否定式not 非谓语动词(含各种时态 注意：过去分词无所谓主动和被动式，有且只有一般式done 5 动名词，现在分词，动词不定式及过去分词在句动名词，现在分词，动词不定式及过去分词在句中作什么成分中作什么成分？ 翻译下列句子并指出非谓语动词在句中充当的成分1. The HR manager hurried to the airport only to be told the plane had taken off. 那位人事经理急匆匆赶到机场想不到被告知飞机已经起飞。to be told作结果状语。52. Talking to such a man is just like talking to a wall.3. He came running. 与 这 样 的 人 谈 话 等 于 对 牛 弹 琴 。 第 一 个“talking”短语作主语；后一个talking短语作宾语。 他跑着来了。running作方式状语。 5 4. Taken as a whole, the 16th Asian Games are well organized. 整体来看，第十六届亚运会组织得很好。taken作条件状语。5 非谓语动词动名词，现在分词，动词不定式及过去分词在句中可充当除谓语以外的各种成分，具体用法见下表(一般情况下) 主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语独立成分动名词5主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语独立成分现在分词不定式过去分词 翻译下列句子，指出ing形式的不同含义并判断其类别1. Let the sleeping dog lie.6 现在分词和动名词作定语有何区别现在分词和动名词作定语有何区别？ 不要自找麻烦(让正在睡觉的狗躺着)。the sleeping dog 中dog与sleeping有逻辑上的主谓关系，即“狗睡觉”(The dog is sleeping)。sleeping 是现在分词。 2. A sleeping car is expensive.6 卧车是很昂贵的。a sleeping car中sleeping表示car的用途，即“用来睡觉的车”(a car for sleeping)。sleeping是动名词。6 动名词和现在分词均可作定语，动名词作定语时，动名词表达被修饰词的用途。现在分词作定语时表达被修饰词与该分词逻辑上的主谓关系。 翻译下列句子，指出ing形式的不同含义并判断其类别1. My job is teaching. 7现在分词和动名词作表语有何区别现在分词和动名词作表语有何区别？ 我的职业是教书。teaching与my job是等同关系，teaching表达my job的具体内容。表语teaching和主语my job可交换位置，即可表达为：Teaching is my job. teaching是动名词。 2. My job is interesting.7 我的职业很有趣。interesting与my job是修饰与被修饰关系，interesting表达my job的特征，性质。表语interesting和主语my job不可交换位置。interesting是现在分词。7 动名词作表语表达主语的具体内容，此时表语与主语可交换位置。现在分词作表语表达主语的性质与特征，一般情况不可与主语交换位置。 翻译下列句子，指出句中画线部分充当的成分及其含义 1. The old lady hurried to the bus station to see her son off only to_be_told_the_bus_had_left.8现在分词和不定式作结果状语有何区别现在分词和不定式作结果状语有何区别？ 老太太匆匆赶到车站给儿子送行，想不到被告知车已开走。不定式短语to be told the bus had left作结果状语，表达出人意料或不情愿看到的结果。 2. We reached the top of the mountain, breathing_hard. 我们到达了山顶，上气不接下气。分词短语breathing hard作结果状语，表达合乎情理的自然的结果。88 不定式(短语)作结果状语时，前面往往有only/just修饰，表达出人意料或不情愿看到的结果；现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表达合乎情理的自然的结果。 改写句子 1. Would you mind if I opened the window? Would you mind_ _ the window? Would you mind _ _ the window?9什么是动名词复合结构什么是动名词复合结构？ my opening me opening 2. The meeting has been called off because Mary is on business. The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business. The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business. 9 Marys being Mary being9 为了表达动名词动作的发出者，此时使用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词动名词结构，此结构叫作动名词复合结构。动名词复合结构不作主语时，其中的名词所有格可以改为普通格，物主代词可改为宾格。如： my fathers going alone my father going alone; our taking part in it us taking part in it。 10 “动词宾语宾补动词宾语宾补”结构中宾补由哪些非谓语动结构中宾补由哪些非谓语动词充当词充当？ 用动词的非谓语形式完成句子，总结各组句子宾补的用法1. (1) Though he is unwilling to give up his choice, Ill have him_(do) so. (2) Its a waste of water having the tap _(run) while washing clothes. do running (3) Unfortunately, the basketball player had had his leg_(break) just before the match began.2. (1) I saw her _(dance) with her partner when I passed by the dancing room. (2) The CCTV camera saw the two masked men _(enter) the bank and _(run) out with a black bag. (3) Young people are advised not to reply when they hear their names_ (call) at night. 10 brokencalled enter run dancing 3. (1) If caught _(steal) in the supermarket, the employee will be severely punished. (2) When arriving at home, the host found all the drawers _(make) upside down.10 stealing made 4. (1) He was online chatting, leaving his homework _(unfinish). (2) The manager went into the meeting room and left his driver _ (wait) in the car. (3) The director left his secretary _(attend) to the matter. 10 unfinishedwaiting to attend 从非谓语动词角度看，英语中动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词都可充当宾补。10 11 根据提示，用with复合结构完成下列句子1.有如此多的工作要做，新秘书感到很紧张。 _ so much work_ _， the new secretary felt stressed. 2. 让灯通宵亮着，这个男孩早早睡觉了。 _ the light_all night long, the boy went to sleep early.什么是什么是withwith复合结构？复合结构？With to With burning do 3.所有的书都标注了字母，我们很容易找到要看的书。 _ all the books _ with letters, we can find a book easily. With marked 11 “with 宾语宾补”结构叫with复合结构，其中宾补可由非谓语动词(不定式，现在分词，过去分词)，介词，形容词，副词(限表方位，状态，地点的副词)及名词充当，在句中主要作状语，有时可作定语。11 翻译下列句子，指出画线部分非谓语动词的用法特点1. I have much to_do and I cant go shopping with you. 我有许多事要做，我不能同你去买东西了。 do与被修饰词much有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式to do为主动表被动用法。12什么是什么是withwith复合结构？复合结构？12 2. Many people have caught a bad cold. The weather is to_blame. 许多人得了重感冒，都怪这天气。blame与weather 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式to blame为主动表被动用法。12 3. The Great Wall is worth visiting another time, I think. 我认为长城值得再游览一次。 visit与The Great Wall 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式visiting为主动表被动用法。12 4. With a lot of problems to_settle,_I am as busy as a bee. 有许多问题要解决，我忙极了。settle与problems有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式to settle为主动表被动用法。12 5. The plant needs watering. 这棵植物需要浇水了。water与the plant 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式watering为主动表被动用法。12 6. The problem is hard to_solve. 这个问题很难解决。solve与problems 有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式to blame为主动表被动用法。127. The man hung around, for there was nothing to_do. 这个人逛来逛去，无事可干。do与nothing有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式to do为主动表被动用法。翻译各组句子，指出现在分词与过去分词的区别1. (1) When spoken to, please fix your attention.(2) When speaking, please speak clearly. 128. Give me a book to_read,_please. 请给我一本书看。read与a book有逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用主动形式to read为主动表被动用法。 非谓语动词主动表被动的句型有： 1. 主 has/ have/had (有) 宾语to do须注意此时“do”的动作由主语发出。 2. 主 be to blame 3. 主 be (是) worth doing 4. With 宾语 to do 5. 主 needs/need/needed (实义动词) doing 6. 主 be (是) 形容词 to do12 7. There is nothing to do(There is nothing to be done 意为“毫无办法”) 8. Give/Show/Reach/Pass/Get/ sb./sth.to do12 13 动词在接动名词和不定式作宾语方面有何规律？动词在接动名词和不定式作宾语方面有何规律？ 根据汉语提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子 1. 你认识那个练钢琴的女孩吗？ Do you know the girl practicing_(play) the piano? playing 2. 出门时记得关灯。 Remember_ (turn) off the lights before you leave. 3. 我喜欢打篮球而我哥哥的爱好是游泳。 I like _(play) basketball while my elder brothers hobby is swimming. 4. 当协议送达时，经理拒绝签字。 When the agreement arrived, the manager refused_(sign) up.13 to turn playing to sign 英语中部分动词只能接动名词作宾语，如excuse，suggest，advise，mind, consider, admit，enjoy，appreciate，imagine，fancy，resist，practise，finish，postpone, delay, miss, risk，permit, allow等； 少数动词既可以接动名词作宾语，又可以接不定式作宾语，但意义区别很大，如： remember to do sth. “记得要做某事”，remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”；13 forget to do sth. “忘记要做某事”，forget doing sth. “忘记做过某事”； regret to do sth. “对要做某事感到遗憾”，regret doing sth. “对做过某事感到后悔”； mean doing sth. “意味着”，mean to do sth. “想要做某事”； try doing sth. “尝试做某事”，try to do sth. “努力做某事”；13 少数动词既可以接动名词作宾语，又可以接不定式作宾语，但意义区别不大，接动名词作宾语时表达习惯性动作，接不定式作宾语时表达一次性动作，如：like doing sth.表示一贯的爱好，like to do sth. 表示说话者即将去做感兴趣的事情。英语中有的动词只能接不定式作宾语，如hope，wish，expect, refuse, pretend, decide, choose, determine, ask等。13 翻译各组句子，指出现在分词与过去分词的区别1. (1) When spoken to, please fix your attention. (2) When speaking, please speak clearly. 别人对你说话时，你要专心听。 你说话时，口齿要清晰。spoken(to) 与speaking语态不同，前者表被动，后者表主动。14现在分词和过去分词用法上有何区别？现在分词和过去分词用法上有何区别？14 2. (1) Drinking boiled water helps you recover. (2) Make sure the boiling water is out of childrens reach. 喝开水有利于你康复。 要确保把开水放在孩子够不着的地方。boiled 与boiling 由不及物动词转化而来，现在分词表进行(即水正在沸腾)；过去分词表完成(水开过，但已凉下来)。14 3. (1) There is no milk left in the bottle. (2) There is no milk remaining in the bottle. 瓶子里没剩下牛奶了。 瓶子里没剩下牛奶了。 remaining与 left形式不同，但表达相同的意思，前者由不及物动词变来，后者由及物动词变来。 区别现在分词与过去分词要注意三点：现在分词与过去分词语态上的区别(现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动)；现在分词与过去分词时态上的区别(现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成)；现在分词与过去分词语义上的竞合(形式不同，意义基本一致)。 14
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