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Part 2 Of 213. prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 What can we do to prevent the disease (from) spreading? 我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？ preventfrom与protectfrompreventfrom中的from后面只能接动词ing形 式,意为“防止做某事”； To prevent our muscle from getting hurt, we need to do some warm-up before exercise. 为了防止我们的肌肉受伤,我们必须在运动前 先做热身操。 Nothing can prevent me (from) going forward. 没有什么能阻止我前进。protectfrom 意为“保护使其免受危害”,from后 只能接名词或者代词,而且这个名词或者 代词通常是表示能够带来危害的事物。 He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt. 他伸出手去,保护他的孩子免受伤害。14. come up with 提出,想出 Hes come up with a great idea. 他想出了一个绝好的办法。 No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs die out. 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人 信服的解释。15. to be honest =to tell you the truth 说实话。 作插入语,一般放在句首,在非正式语体中 放在句中、句尾也可以,表示说话人的主 观看法。 To be honest, I think it is difficult for me to make out what he is saying. 老实说,我觉得要理解他说的有点困难。16. be proud of 以为骄傲,以为自豪 He was proud of what he had done. 他为自己所做的事感到自豪。 proud为形容词,其名词和动词都是pride,同义 短语为take pride in sth.; pride oneself on sth. He takes pride in knowing eight languages. He prides himself on knowing eight languages. 他为自己会讲8种语言而得意。17. add to, addto, add up与add up to add to 增加，加强 The new movie has added to her fame. 这部新影片使她的名气更大了。 That trip added greatly to her understanding and knowledge of the country. 那次旅行大大加深了她对那个国家的了解和 认识。addto把加入 Since she is so angry, you should not add fuel to the flames. 既然她已经这样生气了,你就不该火上加油了。 I have added two names to the list. 我在名单上加了两个名字。add up 把加起来 Add your scores up and well see who won. 把你们的得分加起来，我们就可以看出谁赢了。add up to 总共有 The costs we spent on this product added up to more than 100，000. 我们花在这个产品上的成本总计有10万美元。1. This _ our difficulty.2. If you feel the coffee is too strong, you can _some water _ it.3. The money he spent _500.adds totoadd added up to用以上短语的适当形式填空18. be strongly for/ against sth. 强烈赞成/反对某事 It is so silly of you to be strongly against your bossdecision. 你这么强烈反对你老板的决定是非常不 明智的。 如果要描述辩论赛中的正反方,正方可 以用for-side；反方为against-side。19. go shopping 去购物 go+v.-ing,表示去做某件事(往往是指某项体育活动)。go cycling 去骑车 go swimming 去游泳go climbing 去爬山 go hiking 去远足go fishing 去钓鱼20. as a result of 作为的结果，由于 As a result of carelessness, she didnt pass the exam. 由于粗心，她考试没通过。 As a result of the pilotsstrike, all flights have had to be cancelled. 由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。result from 由引起result in 导致某事，造成了The fire resulted from carelessness.这次大火是由粗心引起的。Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。21. play / have an important role / part in sth. 在中起重要作用 Women played an important role / part in wars. 妇女在战争中起了很重要的作用。 Computer plays a very important role / part in our modern life. 电脑在现代生活中充当很重要的角色。1. notuntil直到才 (位于句首时,句子/主句要采取部分倒装) I didnt know about it until you told me. 在你告诉我之前,我对此一无所知。 Not until noon did it stop raining. 直到中午雨才停。It was not untilthat是强调句式。It was not until yesterday that I noticed it.直到昨天我才注意到这件事。until用于肯定句表示“直到”，主句谓语动词用延续性动词。Shes worked as a nurse until past her sixtiethbirthday.她当护士一直到过了她的60岁生日。stayeddidnt leave我一直待在那里直到他回来。I _ there until he came back.I _there until he came back.2. As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I jump out of my bed.闹钟一响, 我立刻跳下床。 as soon as 一就, 连接时间状语从句, 表示主从句的两个动作紧接着发生。当主句使 用一般将来时, 祈使句句式或含有情态动词表 将来时, 从句使用一般现在时。 Ill call you as soon as I get home from work. 我一回家就会给你打电话。I came as soon as I heard the news.我一听到消息马上就来了。与as soon as用法相似的词或短语 on/upon sth./doing sth.on hearing the news 一听到那个消息 the moment / the instant / the second / the minute / immediately作连词, 连接 时间状语从句1. I will always raise my goals _. 目标达到后我总是再定一个更高的目标。2. The child went to sleep_. 这孩子头一沾枕头就睡着了。3. Well check into it and call you back_ . 我们会调查这件事情并且尽快给你回电。as soon as they are attainedas soon as he touched the pillowas soon as possible3. 比较下列四个句型： It takes sb.to do sth. sb. spends sth. on sth. / in doing sth. sth. costs sb. sth. sb. pays some money for sth. 以上四个句型都表示: 某人在某件事上花费时间和精力。It took her three hours to mend her bicycle.她花了3个小时修她的自行车。Some students spent many hours chatting on-line everyday.有些学生每天花好几个小时在网上聊天。Your crime will cost you your life.你的罪行将使你失去生命。I paid 10 for the book.我付了10美元买这本书。从以上的例子不难得出：当表示花费的时候,各自的主语不同：take 表示花费”,用it作主语,表示花费精力、时间 ；spend表示花费,人作主语,表示花费时间、精力 ；cost表示花费,物作主语,一般表示花钱 。pay表示付费 ,人作主语,表示付钱 。1. 那幅油画花了我200元。_2. 我用了一周的时间读完了哈里波特这本小说。_That oil painting cost me 200 yuan.It took me one week to read through the novel of Harry Potter.4. But I try to work hard so that I can make more money for them. 但是我试着努力工作以便能为他们挣更多的钱。 so that可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 它引导目的状语从句时,从句谓语常由can, could, may, might等构成;如果从句为否定结 构,则谓语常由should构成。 I studied hard so that I could get high marks in the coming examination. 我努力学习以便能够在即将到来的考试中获得高分。 He wore a mask so that no one could recognize him. 他戴了一个面具,以便没有人能够认出他。 It was dark, so that I couldnt see what washappening. 因为天黑,所以我看不到发生了什么事。在这个句型中，that可以引导表示目的或结果的从句。当so位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序。 She is so short that she cant reach the buttons of the lift. So short is she that she cant reach the buttons of the lift. 她太矮了, 够不到电梯的按钮。 名词前有many, much, few, little等词修 饰,表示“多”或“少”的概念时,用so而不 用such修饰。 She ordered so much food that we couldnt eat it up. 她点了那么多的菜我们都吃不了了。 so+adj.+a(n)=such+a(n)+adj.+n. It was so interesting a book that I couldnt put it down. It was such an interesting book that I couldnt put it down. 这本书是如此有趣以至于我爱不释手。5. Is it a good idea to do voluntary work? 做志愿者工作是好主意吗？ 当动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或者从句作句子的主语时, 通常用it来作形式主语代替它们, 而将真正的主语放在后面, 以保持句子结构的平衡。 It is difficult to complete the mission on my own.独立完成这项使命是很难的。(真正的主语是to complete the mission on my own) It surprised me a bit that she didnt make a response to my letter.她没给我回信令我有点儿惊讶。(真正的主语是that引导的从句) It is no use arguing with him about it. 跟他辩论此事是没有用处的。(真正的主语是arguing with him about it)1. _ to wear more clothes tomorrow? 明天有必要添加衣服吗？2. _ that he will climb to the mountain top in two hours? 他有可能在两小时内爬到山顶吗？3. _ surfing on the Internet. 上网是很让人兴奋的。Is it necessaryIs it possibleIt is exciting 6. We dont have the same work hours that office workers in the city have. 我们不和城市的办公室工作人员一样拥有同样的工作时间。 the samethat这个句型的意思是“与同样”，that引导定语从句,它与先行词所指代的是同一个人或事。This is the same book that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那本书。He is the same man that we met yesterday.他就是昨天我们遇见的那个人。the sameas 和一样,和相同This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这书包跟我昨天丢失的那个一模一样。I shall do it in the same way as you did.我将用你用过的同样的方法去做这件事。7. People believe that an English duchess, Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford first introduced the idea of afternoon tea. 据说是英国的一个女公爵Anna，贝德福德的第七个女公爵最早引进下午茶的。 本句的意思相当于：It is believed that an English duchess, Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford first introduce the idea of afternoon tea.句中that 引导的是宾语从句, 作believe 的宾语。相似的表达还有：reported that= It was reported thatsaid that=It was said thatthought that=It was thought that They reported that there was a flood in the south of China. It was reported that there was a flood in the south of China. 据报道中国南方有水灾。1. The newspaper reported that the price of oil would continue to rise in the near future.It was reported that the price of oil would continue to rise in the near future.2. People believe that using less plastic bags does good to the environment.It is believed that using less plastic bags does good to the environment. 3. Most people think that boys are better at learning maths.It is widely thought that boys are better at learning maths.如何写好简单句如何写好简单句 由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。谓语动词有及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构。学习这些基本句型要从动词入手，因为不同类型的动词要求不同的句型。根据各类动词的不同结构，简单句分为以下五种基本类型： 1主语谓语(S Vi.) 这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词。 Things change. 事物是变化的。 2主语连系动词表语(SV. P) 这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词。 She became a lawyer. 她当了律师。 3主语谓语宾语(SVt. O) 这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词。 We never beat children. 我们从来不打孩子。 4主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(SVt. IODO) 这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可带双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。 He gave the book to his sister. 他把这本书给了他的妹妹。 5主语谓语宾语宾补(S Vt.OOC) 这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补足语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语。 I found the book easy. 我发现这本书不难。 一、连词成句 1.happened, an, on the road, accident, just now _ 2.nor, he, speak, can, French, neither, English _3.English teacher, to, sent, we, flowers, the, on Teachers Day, some_An accident happened on the road just now. He can speak neither English nor French. We sent some flowers to the English teacher on Teachers Day 4.I, fast, felt, my, beating, very, heart _ 5.felt, fell, she, very, and, in the chair, tired, asleep _She felt very tired and fell asleep in the chair.I felt my heart beating very fast. 二、翻译下列句子1.她昨天回家很晚。_2.他们成功地完成了计划。_3.这话听起来有道理。_They have carried out the plan successfully.She went home very late yesterday evening. These words sound reasonable. 4.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。_5.我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。_ Ill get my recorder mended. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
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