英语作文开头技巧小结(共10页)

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语作文开头技巧小结 常言道“良好的开端是成功的一半。”作文开头如果能恰倒好处，常常能一下子抓住读者，也能增加文章的亮点。所以能否灵活自如地、独特精当地写好作文开头往往关系到一篇文章的成败。对于英语作文来说，写好开头尤为重要。英语作文篇幅简短，开头更须明确文章主题。下面介绍几种常用的英语作文开头写作方法。1、开门见山，直入正题（开门见山法） 开门见山法要求开头用一两句话就引出主题，也就是说，让读者快速了解文章的主旨，一目了然，而不是去绕圈子，最终不知所云。比如unit1 Book4的Are women given a fair chance?（妇女有同等的机会吗）的开头： I dont think women are given a fair chance to have as good a career as men for three reasons. 就直接提出观点，直接明了。又如作文“I Have a Dream”（我有一个梦想）的开头是这样的： My dream is to be a doctor. And I have never changed my mind till now.2、引用名言警句，推出主题（名言名句法） 对于许多作文题，可以使用使用引用名言名句进行开头。因为引用名言名句是经过加工过的语言，有力度，有价值，会使文章增色。这样，用极短的语言就能点明题旨，解决写什么的问题，从而达到快速入题的目的。比如上次诊断性测试中关于考试作弊方面的作文章，就可以引用名言：“Honesty is the best policy.(诚实才是上策)”，一句话即可表明文章主旨，又会使文章上一个档次。又如作文“Computer Games”（电脑游戏）的开头：Theres a wellknown saying “As one coin has two sides, everything has its advantages and disadvantages.” Computer games are no exception. It has brought us both advantages and disadvantages.3、出其不意 深化主题（欲扬先抑法） 有些作文题，为了突出文章中的人物，在开头如果使用欲扬先抑法，给读者留一个反面的印象，后面文风一转，出其不意，会受到良好的效果。这样比正面写某个人要好得多。比如写关于母亲的文章，一般都认为母亲是关爱子女的，你在开头写上：I dont think mother love me as deeply as father does.或者是“I hate my mother.”会给读者带来兴趣，想读下去。再在文章中间和结尾写出母亲对你的特别关爱，来个出其不意，会取得良好的效果。4、描述现象，引发主题（背景法） 这种写法要求先描述一种普遍存在的现象，然后再发表对该现象的看法和观点，从而点明主题。如作文“Say No to Smoking”（对吸烟说“不”）的开头：Nowadays smoking is popular. Even some teenagers smoke. If you ask them “Why do you smoke?” They might answer “It looks cool.” Is it really a cool thing? Im afraid I cant agree.5、陈述不同观点，衬托主题（衬托法） 简要阐释人们对某一话题的不同观点后，亮明自己更加合理的看法，以起到到一种承托的作用。如作文“My Best Friend”（我最要好的朋友）的开头： “Best Friend” may have different definitions to different people. A child may regard the ones who always whisper to him as his best friends. The young boys may regard the ones who always play with them as their best friends. To me “Best friend” is the one who I like best and we are faithful to each other.6、自问自答，引出主题（提问法） 这种方式要求针对某话题先提出问题，然后给予解答，通过答案的方式来呈现观点。如作文“What I Want to Be When I Grow Up?”（我长大了要做什么？）的开头：What I Want to Be When I Grow Up? My answer is “an English interpreter”. Why do I hope to become an English interpreter? There are two reasons.7、身边事件，导出主题（故事法） 从身边熟悉的人或事引发感想，导出主题，显得自然、贴切。如作文“Fast Food”（快餐）的开头： When my sevenyearold brother behaves well in school, he will ask for nothing but “KFC” as reward. As a matter of fact we would find it difficult to refuse such attraction of fast food too. But why are they so popular?四六级写作中常用的开头段的表达方法举例如下：使用引语（use a quotation）使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。如：“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.分析：开头引用Colton的名言说明“创造机会”对于成功的重要性，点明主题。引用具体或粗略的数据 （use figures or statistics）当然对于图表题型，该种方法是必须的选择，具体做法是给出一些具体或粗略的数据，然后作出概括性分析，点明主题或引出需要论述的问题。如：As is demonstrated in the table, more and more college graduates are out of a job in our country, which is a serious problem to our economic development and social security. It is estimated that in 2004, there are 500,000 unemployed graduates, more than 30% higher than in 2002.分析：文章引用2004年找不到工作的毕业生达到50万这一数据来说明大学生找工作难这一现象的严重性，很有说服力。提出问题（ask a question）提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。如：What do you want from your work Money Promotions Interesting challenges Continual learning Work-based friendships The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provide more than material things.分析：文章开头提出“你想从工作中得到什么”这一问题，然后自问自答，指出工作除了物质利益，还可以给我们带来很多其它收获这一结论。给出具体实例或报道（offer relevant examples or reports）给出具体生活实例或新闻报道如：As regards the stress for college students, there has been a heated discussion among the public in the society. It was reported that a student killed four of his classmates just because of a trivial matter. It can be easily seen that pressure has become a serious issue we cannot neglect.分析：文章通过引用新闻报道的一个实例，说明了大学生心理问题的严重性。定义法（give definition）针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行深入探讨。如：As we all know, practice makes perfect. This is an accumulated experience we inherit from our forefathers, and now it is still widely applied to our daily life. It means that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly.分析：文章用It means that这一句型，说明了practice makes perfect的含义。主题句法（use of topic sentence）文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。如：Nowadays one of the serious problems China is faced with is the increasing illiteracy among the adolescents. According to a recent survey by Dr. Li, dean of Educational Department of Beijing Normal University, about 18% of the children between 8 and 15 years old have dropped out of school across the country.分析：文章开头即提出中国的文盲现象日益严重这一问题，然后再用实例数据加以佐证。开头段的常用核心句型归纳如下，大家可选择使用： As opposed to generally accepted views, I believe that The arguer may be right about , but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that . Although it is commonly agreed that , it is unlikely to be true that . There is an element of truth in this statement, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that . In all the discussion and debate over , one important fact is generally overlooked. On the surface （At first thought）, it （this） may seem a sound （an attractive）suggestion （solution / idea）, but careful weighing on the mind （on closer analysis / on second thought）, we find that Although many people believe that , I wonder whether the argument bears much analysis The danger （problem / fact / truth / point） is that. I agree with the above statement because I believe that . There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . Those who object to argue that . But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that. Currently （In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now）, there is （hasbeen） a（n） general （widespread / growing / widely held） feeling towards （concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in）. As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that . Now it is commonly （widely / generally / increasingly） believed （thought / held /accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged） that . But I wonder （doubt） whether 英语写作开篇八法良好的开端是成功写作的一半。英语作文一个好的开篇不但能引人入胜，激起读者的阅读兴趣，而且还会给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象。开篇是写好整篇作文的关键一环，同时也是最难的一环。下面介绍几种常见的开篇方法： 开门见山法文章一开头就点明主题，把中心思想一目了然地呈现给读者。这是四级短文写作最常用的一种开篇方法。例如： 1）Whether you are a smoker or a nonsmoker， you should take measures to protect your lungs 2）Happiness is easy to find and easy to lose It depends on the way you look at life 以上两例都是开门见山地点明文章的主旨，随后的句子就可以围绕着这个中心展开写。 交代背景法开篇就把事件发生的时间、地点、人物及情景等交代得清清楚楚。这种方法多用于叙述文和描写文。例如： 1）It was cold and bleak in the late winter The nightwas dark；nota star was to be seen in the gloomy and dismal skyThe north wind was howling dreadfully outside the house，like the screams of some wounded wild beasts 2）Today is my birthdayIt is the first time that Ispent my birthday in the United StatesBeing alone and far away from home，I intended to spend the day quietly all myself 例1）开篇通过景色描写展现出一幅凄凉的画面：严冬时节，北风呼啸，天上看不见星星。这样的描写让读者有一种如闻其声，如临其境之感，有助于制造气氛，让人感到悲哀沮丧。例2）开篇就交代了“我”是在异乡过生日，以及“我”打算怎样过这个生日，这就造成一种悬念，“我”的这个生日是否按“我”原来的想法度过。提出问题法用提出问题的方法引出文章的主题，以激起读者的阅读兴趣。然后可以针对这个问题进行解答，这样也就展开了段落。这种方法可用于各种文体。例如： 1）What is success？Different people may give different answers to this question Some people think that 2）Can wealth bring happiness？Different people have different opinions about this Some people take it for granted that wealth is the source of happinessSome people 名言警句法所谓“名言警句”是指人们耳熟能详的谚语、习语、俗语、警句或伟人的论述等，它们常常具有权威性或其道理已为大家公认。由此开篇可以增强文章的说服力。但要注意所引述的名言警句一定要家喻户晓，人所共知，不可引述生僻的名言。另外，一般是用直接引语来引述，所以务必准确无误。例如： 1）As an old saying goes，“Art is long， but life is short”We have only limited time to obtain unlimited knowledge 2）“Practice makes perfect”This self-evident proverb means doing something repeatedly is the way to become very good at it 数据统计法就是引用一些具体的、已经证实的统计数字来引出文章的主题。然后以这些数据作为证据，来论述、解释、说明要表达的思想，这样开篇可信度高，说服力强。使用此法时，要注意所引述的数据或数字一定要准确，来源可靠，切不可为了说明某一问题而杜撰数据。此法主要用于说明文和议论文中，图表作文时用得最多。例如： 1）Unemployment rose from 75in June2002to 78in July 2002，the highest rate since January of that year，the Labor Department reported 2）According to a recent poll，61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once 3）There are 7 billion people in the world（2000 figure），and the smokers are about 14 billion，which make up 20 percent of the worlds total population 例1）是一篇关于失业问题的短文。文章一开篇就引用了来自劳动部的报告：失业率从2002年6月的75上升到 7月的78，达到那年自元月份起的最高点。这一具体数字有力地论证了中心思想失业问题的严重性。例2）和例3）同样是在文章开篇使用具体的统计数字，分别说明美国中学生作弊的普遍性和世界吸烟人数之多。 比较对比法在作文开篇把人们熟悉的人物或事物与其他的人物或事物放在一起，分析它们的相似或不同之处。通过比较对比，强调某一人物或事物，使读者对其有更为深刻的认识和理解。例如： The relationship between a teacher and a student can be good or bad，helpful or harmful Either way，the relationship can affect the student for the rest of his lifeA good teacher-student relationship will make learning enjoyable and interesting，whereas a bad relationship can discourage the student from learning and make teaching an unpleasant task 例句用对比的方法开头，通过对比良好的师生关系对教与学产生的积极影响和恶劣的师生关系产生的不良影响，说明建立良好的师生关系的重要性。 进行定义法就是对文章要阐述的主题先下个定义，或者对文章题目所用的词汇、所持的观点或所提到的事物进行定义，然后通过举例、逻辑推理等方法加以详细说明或论述。这种方法的作用就是解释概念，限定范围，然后引入正文。应该说明的是，文章所下的定义总的来说应该简练，而且也有别于哲学意义上的定义。此法常用于说明文和议论文。 1）Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activitiesFor example， psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad，but others make you happyThey want to know why some people are shy，but others are quite talkative 2）Self-confidence means the trust in ones own abilityAs a very important psychological quality，it brings your creative power，arouses your enthusiasm and helps you overcome difficulties 例1）文章开篇先给心理学下定义，接着通过举例的方法进一步解释这一定义，让读者对心理学的含义具有准确的理解。例2）是对自信进行简单的定义，然后再展开说明或论述。 其他方法英语作文开篇的方法还有很多。例如： 1）She views the world through outsized glassesHer hair is long and flowing She wears a mini-skirt even in winterShe is the Today girl，the modern teenage girl 文章开篇对“她”进行了一番描述：她，带着特大号眼镜，长发飘飘，甚至在大冬天还穿着迷你裙。一个新潮的现代女孩的形象跃然纸上。这是以描述人物开篇。 2）There are three kinds of book ownersThe first has all the standard sets and best-sellers，untouchedThe second has a great many booksa few of them read throughThe third has a few books or manyevery one of them dog-eared and dilapidated 文章开篇把拥有书的人分为三类，然后再详细描述这三类人。这是以分类的方法开篇。如何写好作文的结尾段文章的开头很重要，因为精彩的开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力。同样，文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾会使读者对全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，可以增添文章的效果和说服力，起到画龙点睛的作用。确切地说，结尾的作用就是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使读者加深印象；有时也用于展望未来，提出今后方向或令人深思的问题给读者留下回味和思考的余地。重复中心思想回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。例如： In conclusion，we should know about the problem of fake commodities，and object to their being sold in the marketOnly in this way can we eliminate them completely from the market In short，my opinion on this theme is reading selectivelyWe should learn not only how to select books，but how to select better books 应用引语 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文应用引语 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文，既言简意赅又有更强的说服力。例如： This lesson tells us that Rome was not built in one dayWe should advance in order and keep patient if we want to get the goal on time But once they find a job suiting them best，theyd better stick to it and work hard on it，or else they would get nowhereAs an old saying goes” A rolling stone never gathers mosses” 用反问结尾用反问结尾 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，具有明显的强调作用，引起读者思考。例如： Therefore，listening skills must be consciously improvedSince it is such an important means of learning and communication，why should we not develop this ability as far as possible？ So，what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health？提出展望或期望提出展望或期望 表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。例如： From all the reasons above，we know that great changes had taken place in developing countriesAnd I believe that in the near future，people in these countries would enjoy the most comfortable life that they have never imagined If everyone has developed good manners，people will form a more harmonious relationIf everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better worldWith the general mood of society improved，there willbe a progress of civilization 几种典型的英语作文开头引述方法Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫）1 It is widely（commonly） accepted（hold）+THAT2 A widely accepted（commonly） hold idea（point of view，viewpoint， opinion，assumption）is +THAT/NP3 A/The dominant（prevalent， prevailing）idea（see 2）is NP/to DO4 It is taken for granted+THAT（or：We often/frequently take it for granted THAT）5 People（The majority） seem to get accustomed to the idea（see 2），without questioning，THAT6 People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ7 People are willing to DO，while reluctant to DOType2提出异议1 However （But），2 Such idea（see1-2），if not entirely ADJ1，is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.ADJI=unreasonable，unacceptable， inappropriate，improper，undesirable，etc；ADJ2=misleading，doubtrul， etc3 In fact（As a matter of fact），（follow2）4 However， it is not （quite， necessarily）the case.5 This （It） is not （quite， necessarily） the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.（or：further consideration/discussion）Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折1 The reason lies in several aspects，2 The reason why+clause+1， underlined3 There are several remarkable reasons.4 层进in addition， besides， fruthermore， whats more， on the other hand， meanwhile， for one thingfor another； finally， above all， in short.5 举例for example， for instance， such （general term） as （specific terms），a typical （striking） example is that， a case in point6 转折however， but， nevertheless，on the contrary7 条件if ， provided that， unless， as long as，etcType4 就而言；关于1 as far as is/are concemed： As far as current situation is concerned2 as t the problem as to NP有关的问题Type5问题1 Although much effort has been made， the situation is far from satisfactory （or： the problem remains unsolved， little improvement has been achieved）2 There is a tendency， as recent study （investigation） has pointed out （shown， revealed， indicated），+THAT3 There is growing concern about +NP4 It will inevitably （is likely to ）result in （lead to ） unwanted （serious） consequence （or NP）5 Unfortunately，6 We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.7 The process， once initiated， is most likely irreversible.8 We are constantly （frequently） faced with NPTYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视1 NP1 is of great importance （necessity， value） in NP2 （or： NP is of enormous significance）2 The importance （necessity） of NP （to do sth.） lies in （the fact） that3 NP1 plays， as is known， an irreplaceably important role in NP24 The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant （obvous）5 NP1 is an indispensable part of NP26 It is important （necessary） to DO （or：THAT）7 Special attention should be pay to （or： We should pay special attention to）8 What we should take into consideration is +NPType7行动1（immediate， emergent， effective） Measures are being taken （has been taken， should be taken） to DO3 We have made much effort， there is still more we need to make （cf. We have learnt a lot， there is much more we need to lea123）Type8二择其一1 If it were left for me to decide whether （wh-clause），I would， without hesitation， choose+to DO （or： I would prefer the former/the latter）2 To DO/NP is a matter of prerence.3 It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.4 The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.5 In fact， we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.6 It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely7 （of two conflicting ideas， concepts） Though conflicting to one another， they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.8 The benefits of NP are varied9While disadvantages are unavoidable， it is the advantages that prevail.高考英语作文常见的六种开篇法1. 开门见山，揭示主题2. 交代人物，事件，3. 回忆4. 概括5. 介绍环境6. 交代写作目的专心-专注-专业