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题型五读写综合题型五读写综合-2-【考纲解读】读:能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。写:1.能够根据写作要求准备素材,起草短文、短信。2.能够根据要求写出完整的句子,做到书写正确,语法基本无误。3.能够使用常见的连词表示顺序和逻辑关系。4.能简单描述人物或事件。5.能够按照所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。-3-【题型分析】读写综合是一种综合性题型。它考查学生从短文或信件中提取、归纳自己所需要信息的能力并要求学生能够恰当 运用所归纳的信息来表达自己的思想、发表自己的观点、描述生活经历中的人物或事件等的能力,既考查了学生读的能力,又考查了学生写的能力。读写综合分为A、B两个部分,即信息归纳和书面表达,共20分。1.信息归纳部分常由一些表格、图片、广告、海报等构成。要求考生带着问题在阅读中提取和整理信息,同时注意格式,如字母的大小写等。2.书面表达部分的内容与信息归纳部分的阅读材料相关,要求考生按照题目要求在规定的时间内写出一篇切中题意、符合要求的短文。-4-【满分策略】1.信息卡中的五个题目全部是名词形式,学生可以根据题目要求在文中寻找答案。2.写作要注意以下几点:(1)认真审题,不要遗漏写作要求中的任何一个要点(给分点)。(2)根据写作要求列好提纲,分好段落。写作模式:文章一般分为三段。第一段陈述观点(Topic sentences)。第二段用具体的事例(信息点)来支撑所陈述的观点(Detail 1,Detail 2.)。第三段总结(Conclusion)。-5-(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误。主谓语要一致,主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。注意人称代词的宾格形式。注意冠词的用法,例如:He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。注意拼写、标点符号和大小写。(4)多用简单句,但可适当地运用一些连词或复合句来提高文章的层次。(5)遇到不会表达的句子,可以采用变通的办法,化难为易。总之,所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。-6-(6)认真检查,改正错误。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分,根据错误多少来扣分。因此,花时间用来检查错误是很重要的。从以下几个方面进行检查:格式是否有误;拼写有无错误;语言是否用错;时态、语态有无错误;标点有无错误;人称是否用错。(7)注意书写工整,卷面整洁。这与得分高低直接相关。-7-【误区警示】1.时态误用主要表现在两方面:(1)学生写作之前没有判断整篇文章主要用哪种时态,常出现该用一般现在时的句子,用了一般过去时;而该用将来时的句子,用了完成时。(2)时态构成表达错误。由于学生对各种时态掌握不好,常常将所学的各种时态混淆,以致出现如下的错误,如,Im go to school by bike.He told some children that there are some places of interest in Beijing.-8-2.汉语式英语由于受汉语的影响,再加上对英语句子结构掌握不好,导致学生常常按汉语的词序来翻译句子,在学生的作文中常常见到这样的句子:You can be bus.In China have different places of interest.In autumn is best season for traveling.3.逻辑错误在做书面表达的过程中,有的学生一拿到考题就慌慌张张开始写,在写作之前没有构思好先写什么后写什么,哪些内容应该详写,哪些内容应该略写,而是一边写一边构思,从而导致整个文章逻辑不清,层次感不强,整篇文章不知所云。4.单词拼写错误由于部分学生平时不注意记忆单词,基础知识掌握不牢固,所以在文章中常出现单 词拼写错误。 -9-5.缺少衔接有些学生虽然在词汇运用方面能够达到基本要求,但由于句子之间没有添加适当的衔接成分,使句子之间和文段之间缺乏必要的过渡和连贯,影响了信息的传递和表达效果。-10-考点一信息归纳信息归纳题涉及的阅读材料内容较为丰富,题材广泛,主要摘自网站的报道、新闻报纸、网站论坛文章及社会调查等等。本题型旨在考查学生的综合阅读能力以及快速提取有效信息的能力。答题时要注意题目有没有字数限制,有要求的按照要求答题,没有要求的尽量做到精简。五个小题基本上都能从文中得到答案,答题时考生务必看清楚提问的对象,在文章搜索相应的内容。整体上来说,本题难度非常小,只要根据信息框关键词就可以直接在原文找到相应答案。-11-【解题技巧】熟记信息归纳题出现的高频词age年龄 job 工作name 名字date日期address 地址sex 性别personality性格nationality 国籍 purpose 目的departure出发 amount 数量instruction说明advantage/disadvantage优/缺点 mention提及direction 方向location位置 condition条件 culture文化language语言 habit习惯 hobby爱好the number (问)数目 the reason (问)原因 the way (问)方式the thing (问)事物 the person/people (问)人物the place (问)地点the time (问)时间the price (问)价格 the result (问)结果opinion/view观点method 方法 website 网站-12-【真题回访】(2016 广东中考)请阅读BBC网站上的一篇文章,根据所提供的信息,完成下面的信息卡,把答案写在指定的位置上。-13-14-15-Information Card -16-【答题剖析】文章就 “你能否管理好时间” 收集了4个人的回复。Caroline来自纽约,从2006年搬家至今还没决定该刷什么颜色的颜料,导致油漆罐还放在屋里;Polly来自伦敦,还在考虑是否把去年用过的圣诞树扔掉;Craig来自多伦多,10年前买的书因太忙导致现在不仅没阅读过,甚至放在哪都已经不记得了;Ted Roseland来自悉尼,是一名家私商人,因找不到适合的船运公司导致没法按时给日本的顾客发货。-17-【答案详解】 81.Can You Manage Your Time Well.由原文第一段可知。82.(In)2006.由原文第二段第一句可知。83.The Christmas tree used last December.由原文第三段第一句可知。84.Toronto.由原文第四段和原文第五段之间的by Craig,Toronto可知。85.A furniture businessman.由原文最后一段第一句可知。-18-考点二书面表达书面表达是以A部分(信息归纳部分)的内容为话题,然后围绕这个话题进行阐述,谈谈自己的看法。从近三年广东英语中考试题中书面表达的考查来看,其写作的体裁多以议论性的文章为主;本题型涉及的内容比较贴近学生的生活,这样的话题不会让学生无话可说。而且,本题型的写作越来越趋向于一致性,但在词数上是保持一致性的,都是80个左右。-19-【破题技巧】书面表达 “六字法”(1)审:第一时间确定文章的体裁、人称和时态。(2)抓:根据写作要求所提供的要点,逐条去写,切忌偏题或漏点。(3)扩:字数不够的情况下,找到一到两个可以切入的要点进行扩展,以确保字数。(4)连:合理运用过渡词,将各要点连接起来,注意分段,最好采用 “总分总 ”的方式,文章分三段来写。开头和结尾必不可少。(5)改:看单词拼写是否正确,时态运用是否合理,主谓是否一致,要点是否齐全。(6)抄:将写好的文章工工整整地抄写在答题卡上。-20-【温馨提示】特别提醒备考时要注意积累中考实用的写作模板和必背句式,如:(1)Here are the reasons/my ideas/my opinions./The reasons can be shown as follows.First,.Second,.Third,.以下是我的理由/观点。/原因呈现如下:第一, 第二,第三,(2)In my opinion .= To my mind .= As far as I am concerned .= I am of the opinion that .就我的看法;我认为(3)whats more=besides而且last but not the least最后但并非最不重要的;最后一项要点是(4)on the one hand . on the other hand .一方面另一方面for one thing . for another .一方面另一方面-21-(5)in a word = in all = in short = in conclusion = all in all = in brief = to make a long story short = generally speaking总而言之(6)Just as the saying goes/As the proverb says .正如谚语所说,(7)Different people have different views about .不同的人对于 有不同的看法-22-【真题回访】(2016广东中考)根据要求完成短文写作,请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。现在很多学生不能好好管理时间,以致影响了学习,请你就此写一篇短文,谈谈你的看法。内容包括:1.你或你的同学一次未能按时完成学习任务的经历(任务内容、拖延的原因及后果);2.对如何管理好时间提出两点建议。作文要求:1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名;2.语句连贯,词数80个左右,作文的开头已经给出,不计入总词数,也不必抄写在答题卡上了。-23-Nowadays,many students cant make good use of their time and this has a bad influence on their study.【答题剖析】1.审从题目要求可看出,要写的这篇文章是带有记叙性和建议性的。文章自由发挥的余地很大,主题内容与学生生活十分贴近。该篇文章主要涉及第一人称,但因选材不同,也可涉及第三人称 (你的同学)。描写一次经历时应用一般过去时,提出个人的建议时应用一般现在时。-24-2.抓文章很明显有两个大的层次:(1)你或你的同学一次未能按时完成学习任务的经历 (任务内容、拖延的原因及后果)。 (2)对如何管理好时间提出两点建议。3.扩主要内容:(1)个人经历:因沉迷电脑游戏而没有完成作业,被罚留堂;寒/暑假因没有好好计划,没有完成假期作业,甚至开学考试还不及格而被罚。 (2)制定计划,并严格执行;远离手机或电脑游戏,规定每天玩游戏的时间。如果词数不够,可考虑写三点建议。4.连连接要点之间的连接词可以选用for example,however,as a result,in my opinion等。-25-提出建议的句式:Here are two suggestions/tips.First,. Second,.We should/must do sth.Wed better (not)do sth.Here are two tips about how to manage our time well.First,we should make a timetable for the tasks that were going to finish.Second,carry out the timetable strictly.Never put off todays work till tomorrow.(Third,keep away from mobile phones or computer games so that we can put our heart into the tasks.)-26-5.改查看单词拼写是否正确,时态运用是否合理,主谓是否一致,要点是否齐全。尤其是描写一次经历时要用一般过去时。(1)Last Friday,our teacher told us to write a passage in two days.But I lost myself in computer games on weekend and couldnt hand it in on time.As a result,I was left in the classroom after class to finish it.(2)Last winter holiday,my Chinese teacher asked us to recite 20 passages we had learned.I planned to recite one every day.However,I spent too much time playing computer games and chatting on WeChat.Then I had to stay up finishing the task.Of course,I failed to do it.And I was punished by my teacher.6.抄认真书写,讲究规范,将写好的文章工工整整地抄写在答题卡上。-27-参考范文1:Nowadays,many students cant make good use of their time and this has a bad influence on their study.Last Friday,our teacher told us to write a passage in two days.But I lost myself in computer games on weekend and couldnt hand it in on time.As a result,I was left in the classroom after class to finish it.From this,we know its very important to manage our time well.Here are two tips about how to manage our time well.First,we should make a timetable for the tasks that were going to finish.Second,carry out the timetable strictly.Never put off todays work till tomorrow.If we can follow the tips,theres no doubt that we can manage our time well.-28-参考范文2:Nowadays,many students cant make good use of their time and this has a bad influence on their study.Last winter holiday,my Chinese teacher asked us to recite 20 passages we had learned.I planned to recite one every day.However,I spent too much time playing computer games and chatting on WeChat.Then I had to stay up finishing the task.Of course,I failed to do it.And I was punished by my teacher.In order to manage our time well,what should we do?Here is my advice.First,we should make a timetable for the tasks that were going to finish.Second,keep away from mobile phones or computer games so that we can put our heart into the tasks.-29-(2017广东中考)A.信息归纳请阅读Jason在他的个人主页上写的一篇文章,根据所提供的信息,完成信息卡,把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。Our words carry huge weight.They may influence people for years,and even for a lifetime.They provide them with courage to go on or one more reason to give up.-30-When I was fourteen,my family moved to another city.Junior high was always a difficult time for me,and the move made my ninth-grade year even harder.I remember walking into the dining hall for the first time.The other kids had good friends with them,but I didnt know anyone.I felt lonely and went to the nearest seat after getting some food.The kids beside me looked at me up and down and then laughed.I could feel my face turning red at that moment.Then one of the kids broke the ice.“Man!You have one BIG nose!” I felt hurt and didnt know what to say.I wanted to cry,but I managed a little smileas if it didnt hurt me at all.But it did.From then on,I would often look at myself in the mirror,I studied the big nose closely.It seemed that I was just living for my nose.Thankfully,I grew out of this influence finally.But it really took me twenty years.-31-There is another thing that is kept deep in my mind.I remember going through a terrible business failure.I lost everything.I called my dad for help and he told me a lot about how to deal with the failure.What he said gave me a lot of courage and confidence (信心)to go on with my business.Information Card-32-答案:81.Our words82.Lonely83.A big nose84.Twenty/20 years85.Jasons Dad-33-B.书面表达常言道“良言一句暖三冬,恶语伤人六月寒”。假设你是李雷,你将要参加学校举办的英文演讲比赛,主题是“语言的力量”,请你写一篇英文演讲稿。内容包括:1.你的一次受老师或同学言语激励的经历(事情的经过以及对你的影响);2.呼吁同学们要注意自身语言对他人的影响。作文要求:1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称、老师和同学的真实姓名;2.语句连贯,词数80个左右。作文的开头已经给出,不计入总词数。Ladies and gentlemen,How will words influence others?Let me tell you one of my experiences.-34-One possible version:Ladies and gentlemen,How will words influence others?Let me tell you one of my experiences. When I was in Grade one in middle school,I was not good at my English.I felt so sad.But one day,my English teacher came up to me and had a conversation with me.He said,“If you work hard,you will do a good job.I believe in you.” From then on,I began to have confidence and made progress.From my experience,I felt the power of words.I think we should make good use of words to encourage others rather than hurt them,because words can influence people.
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