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Unit 3 Language in use现在完成时(二)现在完成时(二)1. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法 当表示动作已经完成,并对现在有一定影响时,我们一般用现在完成时。同时,可分别用just,already或yet加以强调或说明。如: I have already finished my work. 我已经完成了我的工作。 I havent learnt the word yet.我还没有学这个单词。I have just finished my homework.我刚刚做完家庭作业。 2. 常与现在完成时连用的时间副词的用法常与现在完成时连用的时间副词的用法 1)already意为“已经”,常用于肯定句中,与完成时连用。一般位于助动词之后,实义动词之前,也可用于句末。already用于疑问句时,有惊讶之意。如: I have already eaten lunch. 我已经吃过午餐了。 I have been there already. 我已经去过那儿了。 Youre not leaving already, are you? 你已经不打算走了,是吗? (2)yet意为“已经;还”,常用于疑问句和否定句中,在口语中一般置于句末。如: Has Betty had her supper yet? 贝蒂吃过晚饭了吗?(3)ever意为“曾经”,位于助动词之后,实义动词之前。如: It was the best vacation weve ever had. 这是我们度过的最好的假期。(4)just意为“刚刚”,多用在肯定句和一般疑问句中,位于助动词之后,实义动词之前。如: My father has just reached London. 我爸爸刚到伦敦。 (5)before意为“以前”,表示现在看来的以前,不与表示一段时间的状语连用,常单独用于句末。如: She has been to China before. 她以前去过中国。(6)never意为“从不”,主要与肯定性动词连用而不与否定性动词连用。如: Ive never been to Paris. 我从未去过巴黎。(7)so far意为“至今”,表示从过去到现在的这个时间段。如: We have learnt 2,000 new words so far. 到目前为止,我们已经学了2 000个新单词。 3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1)现在完成时与一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去。但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等;而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。如: He visited Guilin in 1998. 他1998年游览过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间) 一般过去时的时间状语有:.year(s)ago , yesterday , the day before yesterday,last week, in 2000,just now, at the age of 9等。 (2)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如: Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑) 现在完成时的时间状语有:ever, already, never, yet, for+时间段, recently, since, in the last/past five years, twice等。试比较: Have you seen the film? (A) Did you see the film? (B) 你看过这部电影吗? A句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;而B句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) 他在北京住了8年。 A句强调的是到目前为止,他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去;B句强调的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京住了。【话题呈现话题呈现】 本模块的话题是关于人类对太空的探索。要求学生能正确运用现在完成时和already, just, yet谈论最近发生的事情,简短地报道太空之旅,内容包括人物、时间、地点、活动及感受。【佳句荟萃佳句荟萃】What are you up to? 你在干什么呢?I havent started yet because Im not sure how to make it.我还没开始呢,因为我不确定怎么做。Have you heard the latest news?你听说最新消息了吗?Has it arrived yet?它已经到达了吗?It has already arrived.它已经到达了。Thats why its on the news.这就是它上新闻的原因。No one has been to Mars yet.还没有人去过火星。Mars is very far away, much farther than the moon. 火星非常远,比月球远得多。Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.为了有一天能把宇航员送上火星,许多科学家正在努力工作。How can I get information on space travel?我怎么获取有关航天旅行的信息?You can go online to search for infor-mation. 你可以上网查询信息。There has been life on the earth for hun-dreds of millions of years.地球上的生命已经存在几亿年了。The earth goes around the sun.地球围着太阳转。None of them has an environment like that of the earth. 它们中没有一个有像地球那样的环境。The sun and its planets are called the solar system. 太阳和它的行星称为太阳系。There are billions of stars in the Galaxy.在银河系有好几十亿的恒星。They are far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us. 它们非常远,它们的光要很多年才能到达我们。However, no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.然而,还没有宇宙飞船能行驶足够远到达我们银河系的其他恒星。Are we alone? 我们是孤独的吗?Is there life out there in space?太空中还有其他生命存在吗?Why has no one communicated with us?为什么还没有人和我们交流?【写作任务写作任务】 神州十一号载人航天飞船成功在太空遨游了33天。宇航员景海鹏和陈冬顺利完成了各项空间实验,并凯旋而归。相信你一定为他们感到骄傲和自豪。假设你是黎明晰,对太空有着浓厚的兴趣,拥有航天梦想,也想成为航天员,请给你的偶像景海鹏和陈冬写一封信,表示祝贺,并表达自己的愿望和决心。 要求:1. 语言通顺,行文连贯,内容充实;2. 80词左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。【写作指导】 现在来完成文章的提纲和主要内容。文章可以分为三部分:Beginning表示祝贺:Congratulations to you!Bodyyour thought: China has successfully launched Shenzhou 1 and you two have stayed in space for more than 30 days. Youre so great. I am 2 you!your dream: I 3 the un-iverse. I have a dream of being an 4 .What to do: Ill learn a lot about the5 and study 6 .Ending表达愿望:I hope my dream can come true.spaceshipproud ofam interested in astronaut universehard【自主创作】 Dear Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, Yours,Li Mingxi【范文展示】 Dear Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, Congratulations to you!China has successfullylaunched Shenzhou spaceship and you two have stayed in space for more than 30 days. Youve finished a lot of experiments. Youre so great. I am proud of you!I am very interested in the universe, and I always have a dream of being an astronaut like you. So I will learn from you. I will learn a lot about the universe and study hard. I hope my dream can come true one day.Yours,Li Mingxi
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