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济南题型六阅读理解说明文体裁说明文体裁 阅读理解中说明文阅读理解中说明文(尤其是科技类说明文尤其是科技类说明文)，因生词多、，因生词多、信息量大、难理解，是考生经常出错的题目。信息量大、难理解，是考生经常出错的题目。主旨大意题主旨大意题 考生由于把握不好文章的主旨大意，所以经常在关于考生由于把握不好文章的主旨大意，所以经常在关于概括文章主旨大意、作者写作意图类的题目中触雷。概括文章主旨大意、作者写作意图类的题目中触雷。一、阅读理解一、阅读理解“三步定位法三步定位法”第一步看题干，定位题干关键词。第一步看题干，定位题干关键词。先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。第二步读文章，一次定位找原文。第二步读文章，一次定位找原文。带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。句子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。第三步回看题，连线解读定答案。第三步回看题，连线解读定答案。细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准连线，锁定答案。精准连线，锁定答案。二、具体解题技巧二、具体解题技巧1细节理解题细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但所占比例最大，一般占总分值的难度较小，但所占比例最大，一般占总分值的60%85%。常见的设题方式有：用常见的设题方式有：用what, where, which, why, who, how等等疑问词进行提问；用疑问词进行提问；用according to. . . 开头，后接短文具体内开头，后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等方式设题；以容；用动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等方式设题；以. . because的提问方式设题等。的提问方式设题等。解答这类题要学会以下技巧：解答这类题要学会以下技巧：(1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容可直接搜寻；如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容可直接搜寻；(2)细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结尾句；结尾句；(3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的观点。自己的观点。 (温州中考温州中考)I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in South Canada, where in my fathers words for the seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fairtime and Winter！” At that time, a weeklong fair(集市集市) was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year. Thousands of people came to the town to at the fair. Aenjoy Grandmas foodBsell and buy thingsClearn to cookDhave a big party【解析【解析】 B由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了在集市上买卖东西，故选在集市上买卖东西，故选B。2推理判断题推理判断题一般来说主要有：对细节的推理判断；对某个问题或某一一般来说主要有：对细节的推理判断；对某个问题或某一部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有：度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有：(1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that. . . ；(2)We can learn from the sentence/paragraph/passage that. . . ; (3)The sentence/paragraph/passage implies that. . . ；(4)By saying. . . , the author means. . . ; (5)What can we infer from the. . . ; (6)At the end of the passage the writer suggests. . . ；(7)From the second example we can infer that. . . ；(8)It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that. . . One day, a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left. It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the little boy is Asilly BstrictCfriendly Dstrongminded【解析【解析】 A由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年纪大一些的由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年纪大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，男孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选他们觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。3词义猜测题词义猜测题该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某单词或短语进该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某单词或短语进行合理猜测。做题时可结合上下文的文意和逻辑关系进行行合理猜测。做题时可结合上下文的文意和逻辑关系进行推测。推测。A serious sandstorm(沙尘暴沙尘暴) has hit Beijing, together with five to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday. What does “enveloped” mean in this passage? A信封信封 B遮盖遮盖C刮走刮走 D灰尘灰尘【解析【解析】 B由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法可知可知envelop在此是一个动词，排除在此是一个动词，排除A、D两项；再结合生活两项；再结合生活常识可判断，此处常识可判断，此处envelop是表示是表示“遮盖遮盖”之意，故选之意，故选B。4主旨大意题主旨大意题考查考生对短文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式考查考生对短文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式有：有：(1)What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage；(2)The author is mainly concerned with. . . ；(3)What does the passage mainly discuss；(4)The passage is mainly about. . . ；(5)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? 解答该类题目时可注意以下几点：解答该类题目时可注意以下几点：(1)有标题的文章，要从标题开始阅读，因为标题常是文有标题的文章，要从标题开始阅读，因为标题常是文章的主题；章的主题；(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主旨；主旨；(3)有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题目，有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题目，因为做完其他题目后，因为做完其他题目后， 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把握；握；(4)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复出现留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词。的、与主题有关的名词或动词。Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students parents through email. Whats the main idea of this passage? ASchools will go electronic. BComputers will be important. CThere will be robot teachers. DTeachers will communicate with the students parents through email. 【解析【解析】 A第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展和论述，第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展和论述，故选故选A。5数字推算题数字推算题要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。和推断。 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school four years later. . . When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become a fulltime painter. When finishing school studies, the writer was about A14 B16C18 D21【解析【解析】 D作者作者14岁因绘画获奖，岁因绘画获奖，18岁进入美术学校，岁进入美术学校，毕业时一定在毕业时一定在18岁以上，故选岁以上，故选D。
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