减速器英文资料及翻译

英文原文：Mineral product monorail reduction gear synopsis1 what is reducer Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions. 1.1 The reducer role1.1.1 velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer. 1.1.2 the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia. 1.2 The type of reducerGeneral helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines. 1.3 Common reducer1.3.1 worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high. 1.3.2 Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input. 1.3.3 planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly ： 1.3.3.1 Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and cabinet not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host). 1.3.3.2 Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants. 2 the requirements of installation and adjustment 2.1 Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet. 2.2 Bearing axial clearance Of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance. 2.3 Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth. 2.4 Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4. 3 seal requirements 3.1 Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal; 3.2 Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface; 3.3 Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements. 4 lubrication requirements 4.1 Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades 4.2 Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. 4.3 Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil. 5 the test requirements 5.1 Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours; 5.2 Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 , bearing temperature rise no more than 40 ; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60, bearing temperature of not more than 50 . 6 packaging and transportation requirements 6.1 Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging; 6.2 Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements. 7 Technical requirements 7.1 Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice; 7.2 Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times; 7.3 Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts; 7.4 Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: 40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, 55 0.08 - 0.15 mm; 7.5 Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler; 7.6 Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height. 8 GEAR INTRODUCTION8.1 Abstract: The important position of the wheel gear cant falter in traditional machine and modern machines.The wheel gear mainly install the direction that delivers the dint at the principal axis box. The passing to process to make them can is divided into many model numbers, used for many situations respectively.8.2 Key words: Wheel gearIn the force analysis of spur gears, the forces are assumed to act in a single plane. We shall study gears in which the forces have three dimensions. The reason for this, in the case of helical gears, is that the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation. And in the case of bevel gears, the rotational axes are not parallel to each other. There are also other reasons, as we shall learn.Helical gears are used to transmit motion between parallel shafts. The helix angle is the same on each gear, but one gear must have a right-hand helix and the other a left-hand helix. The shape of the tooth is an involutes helicoids. If a piece of paper cut in the shape of a parallelogram is wrapped around a cylinder, the angular edge of the paper becomes a helix. If we unwind this paper, each point on the angular edge generates an involutes curve. The surface obtained when every point on the edge generates an involutes is called an involutes helicoids.The initial contact of spur-gear teeth is a line extending all the way across the face of the tooth. The initial contact of helical gear teeth is a point, which changes into a line as the teeth come into more engagement. In spur gears the line of contact is parallel to the axis of the rotation; in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads become high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two helical gears of opposite hand, mounted side by side on the same shaft. They develop opposite thrust reactions and thus cancel out the thrust load. When two or more single helical gears are mounted on the same shaft, the hand of the gears should be selected so as to produce the minimum thrust load.Crossed-helical, or spiral, gears are those in which the shaft centerlines are neither parallel nor intersecting. The teeth of crossed-helical fears have point contact with each other, which changes to line contact as the gears wear in. For this reason they will carry out very small loads and are mainly for instrumental applications, and are definitely not recommended for use in the transmission of power. There is on difference between a crossed helical gear and a helical gear until they are mounted in mesh with each other. They are manufactured in the same way. A pair of meshed crossed helical gears usually have the same hand; that is, a right-hand driver goes with a right-hand driven. In the design of crossed-helical gears, the minimum sliding velocity is obtained when the helix angle are equal. However, when the helix angle is not equal, the gear with the larger helix angle should be used as the driver if both gears have the same hand.Worm gears are similar to crossed helical gears. The pinion or worm has a small number of teeth, usually one to four, and since they completely wrap around the pitch cylinder they are called threads. Its mating gear is called a worm gear, which is not a true helical gear. A worm and worm gear are used to provide a high angular-velocity reduction between nonintersecting shafts which are usually at right angle. The worm gear is not a helical gear because its face is made concave to fit the curvature of the worm in order to provide line contact instead of point contact. However, a disadvantage of worm gearing is the high sliding velocities across the teeth, the same as with crossed helical gears.Worm gearing are either single or double enveloping. A single-enveloping gearing is one in which the gear wraps around or partially encloses the worm. A gearing in which each element partially encloses the other is, of course, a double-enveloping worm gearing. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of double-enveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-enveloping gears. The worm and worm gear of a set have the same hand of helix as for crossed helical gears, but the helix angles are usually quite different. The helix angle on the worm is generally quite large, and that on the gear very small. Because of this, it is usual to specify the lead angle on the worm, which is the complement of the worm helix angle, and the helix angle on the gear; the two angles are equal for a 90-deg. Shaft angle.中文译文：1 什么是减速器 减速器是一种动力传达机构，利用齿轮的速度转换器，将马达的回转数减速到所要的回转数，并得到较大转矩的机构。 1.1 减速器的作用 1.1.1降速同时提高输出扭矩，扭矩输出比例按电机输出乘减速比，但要注意不能超出减速器额定扭矩。 1.1.2 减速同時降低了负载的惯量，惯量的减少为减速比的平方。大家可以看一下一般电机都有一个惯量数值。 1.2 减速器的种类 一般的减速器有斜齿轮减速器(包括平行轴斜齿轮减速器、蜗轮减速器、锥齿轮减速器等等)、行星齿轮减速器、摆线针轮减速器、蜗轮蜗杆减速器、行星摩擦式机械无级变速机等等。 1.3 常见减速器 1.3.1 蜗轮蜗杆减速器的主要特点是具有反向自锁功能，可以有较大的减速比，输入轴和输出轴不在同一轴线上，也不在同一平面上。但是一般体积较大，传动效率不高，精度不高。 1.3.2 谐波减速器的谐波传动是利用柔性元件可控的弹性变形来传递运动和动力的，体积不大、精度很高，但缺点是柔轮寿命有限、不耐冲击，刚性与金属件相比较差。输入转速不能太高。 1.3.3 行星减速器其优点是结构比较紧凑，回程间隙小、精度较高，使用寿命很长，额定输出扭矩可以做的很大。但价格略贵、对装配前零件的要求 ： 1.3.3.1滚动轴承用汽油清洗，其他零件用煤油清洗。所有零件和箱体内不许有任何杂质存在 。箱体内壁和齿轮（蜗轮）等未加工表面先后涂两次不被机油侵蚀的耐油漆，箱体外表 面先后涂底漆和颜色油漆（按主机要求配色）。 1.3.3.2零件配合面洗净后涂以润滑油。 2 安装和调整的要求 2.1滚动轴承的安装 滚动轴承安装时轴承内圈应紧贴轴肩，要求缝隙不得通过0.05mm 厚的塞尺。 2.2 轴承轴向游隙 对游隙不可调整的轴承（如深沟球轴承），其轴向游隙为0.250.4mm；对游隙可调整 的轴承轴向游隙数值见表。点击查看圆锥滚子轴承轴向游隙；角接触球轴承轴向游隙。 2.3 齿轮（蜗轮）啮合的齿侧间隙 可用塞尺或压铅法。即将铅丝放在齿槽上，然后转动齿轮而压扁铅丝，测量两齿侧被 压扁铅丝厚度之和即为齿侧的大小。 2.4齿面接触斑点圆柱齿轮齿面接触斑点2-10-4；圆锥齿轮齿面接触斑点2-11-4；蜗杆传动接触斑点2-12-4。 3 密封要求 31 箱体剖分面之间不允许填任何垫片，但可以涂密封胶或水玻璃以保证密封； 3.2 装配时，在拧紧箱体螺栓前，应使用0.05mm的塞尺检查箱盖和箱座结合面之间的密封性； 3.3轴伸密封处应涂以润滑脂。各密封装置应严格按要求安装。 4 润滑要求 4.1 合理确定润滑油和润滑脂类型和牌号。 4.2 轴承脂润滑时，润滑脂的填充量一般为可加脂空间的1/22/3。 4.3 润滑油应定期更换，新减速器第一次使用时，运转714天后换油，以后可以根据情况每隔36个月换一次油。 5 试验要求 5.1 空载运转：在额定转速下正、反运转12小时； 5.2 负荷试验：在额定转速、额定负荷下运转，至油温平衡为止。 对齿轮减速器，要求油池温升不超过35,轴承温升不超过40； 对蜗杆减速器，要求油池温升不超过60,轴承温升不超过50。 6 包装和运输要求 6.1 外伸轴及其附件应涂油包装； 6.2 搬运、起吊时不得使用吊环螺钉及吊耳以上技术要求不一定全部列出，有时还需另增项目，主要由设计的具体要求而定。 7 技术要求 7.1 装配前，所有零件用煤油清洗，滚动轴承用汽油清洗，不许有任何 杂物存在。内壁涂上不被机油腐蚀的涂料两次； 7.2 啮合侧隙用铅丝检验不小于0.16mm，铅丝不得大于最小侧隙的4倍； 7.3 用涂色法检验斑点。按齿高接触点不小于40%；按齿长接触斑点不小于50%。必要时可用研磨或刮后研磨以便改善接触情况； 7.4 应调整轴承轴向间隙：40为0.05-0.1mm,55为0.08-0.15mm; 7.5 检验减速器剖分面、各接触面及密封处，均不许漏油。剖分面允许 涂以密封油漆或水玻璃，不允许使用任何填料； 7.6 机座内装N100润滑油至规定高度。 8 齿轮和轴的介绍8.1 摘要:在传统机械和现代机械中齿轮的重要地位是不可动摇的。齿轮主要安装在主轴箱来传递力的方向。通过加工制造它们可以分为许多的型号，分别用于许多的场合。8.2 关键词:齿轮在直齿圆柱齿轮的受力分析中，是假定各力作用在单一平面的。我们将研究作用力具有三维坐标的齿轮。因此，在斜齿轮的情况下，其齿向是不平行于回转轴线的。而在锥齿轮的情况中各回转轴线互相不平行。斜齿轮用于传递平行轴之间的运动。倾斜角度每个齿轮都一样，但一个必须右旋斜齿，而另一个必须是左旋斜齿。齿的形状是一溅开线螺旋面。如果一张被剪成平行四边形（矩形）的纸张包围在齿轮圆柱体上，纸上印出齿的角刃边就变成斜线。如果我展开这张纸，在血角刃边上的每一个点就发生一渐开线曲线。直齿圆柱齿轮轮齿的初始接触处是跨过整个齿面而伸展开来的线。斜齿轮轮齿的初始接触是一点，当齿进入更多的啮合时，它就变成线。在直齿圆柱齿轮中，接触是平行于回转轴线的。在斜齿轮中，该先是跨过齿面的对角线。它是齿轮逐渐进行啮合并平稳的从一个齿到另一个齿传递运动，那样就使斜齿轮具有高速重载下平稳传递运动的能力。斜齿轮使轴的轴承承受径向和轴向力。当轴向推力变的大了或由于别的原因而产生某些影响时，那就可以使用人字齿轮。双斜齿轮（人字齿轮）是与反向的并排地装在同一轴上的两个斜齿轮等效。他们产生相反的轴向推力作用，这样就消除了轴向推力。当两个或更多个单向齿斜齿轮被在同一轴上时，齿轮的齿向应作选择，以便产生最小的轴向推力。交错轴斜齿轮或螺旋齿轮，他们是轴中心线既不相交也不平行。交错轴斜齿轮的齿彼此之间发生点接触，它随着齿轮的磨合而变成线接触。因此他们只能传递小的载荷和主要用于仪器设备中，而且肯定不能推荐在动力传动中使用。交错轴斜齿轮与斜齿轮之间在被安装后互相捏合之前是没有任何区别的。它们是以同样的方法进行制造。一对相啮合的交错轴斜齿轮通常具有同样的齿向，即左旋主动齿轮跟右旋从动齿轮相啮合。在交错轴斜齿设计中，当该齿的斜角相等时所产生滑移速度最小。然而当该齿的斜角不相等时，如果两个齿轮具有相同齿向的话，大斜角齿轮应用作主动齿轮。蜗轮与交错轴斜齿轮相似。小齿轮即蜗杆具有较小的齿数，通常是一到四齿，由于它们完全缠绕在节圆柱上，因此它们被称为螺纹齿。与其相配的齿轮叫做蜗轮，蜗轮不是真正的斜齿轮。蜗杆和蜗轮通常是用于向垂直相交轴之间的传动提供大的角速度减速比。蜗轮不是斜齿轮，因为其齿顶面做成中凹形状以适配蜗杆曲率，目的是要形成线接触而不是点接触。然而蜗杆蜗轮传动机构中存在齿间有较大滑移速度的缺点，正像交错轴斜齿轮那样。蜗杆蜗轮机构有单包围和双包围机构。单包围机构就是蜗轮包裹着蜗杆的一种机构。当然，如果每个构件各自局部地包围着对方的蜗轮机构就是双包围蜗轮蜗杆机构。着两者之间的重要区别是，在双包围蜗轮组的轮齿间有面接触，而在单包围的蜗轮组的轮齿间有线接触。一个装置中的蜗杆和蜗轮正像交错轴斜齿轮那样具有相同的齿向，但是其斜齿齿角的角度是极不相同的。蜗杆上的齿斜角度通常很大，而蜗轮上的则极小，因此习惯常规定蜗杆的导角，那就是蜗杆齿斜角的余角；也规定了蜗轮上的齿斜角，该两角之和就等于90度的轴线交角。9