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高中语法综合高中语法综合复习全解复习全解1. To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours代词及代词及it的用法的用法【解析解析】 【误误】认为认为students是名词，应该用形容是名词，应该用形容词修饰，而误选词修饰，而误选C；对词性把握不够而误；对词性把握不够而误选选B、D。【正正】A根据根据our teacher可知说话人是可知说话人是学生，学生，us与与students是同位语。是同位语。has是动词，是动词，后需要跟宾语，选后需要跟宾语，选A。2. The protection of our environment is not _ to be left to the environment. Everyone should be concerned. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything【解析解析】 【误误】受受not的影响，容易误选的影响，容易误选anything，但但anything与与not连用多用来表示没有东西，连用多用来表示没有东西，与所给语境不符。与所给语境不符。 【正正】Csomething在此处表示在此处表示“某事、某事、某物某物”，即环境保护的事情不能留给环境，即环境保护的事情不能留给环境本身。本身。 3. Do you want milk or coffee? _. I really dont mind. A. None B. Neither C. Either D. All【解析解析】 C此题考查代词此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法。根据问句知道是两者之间进行选的用法。根据问句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从答句中后一句的择，而且从答句中后一句的“我真的不介我真的不介意意”可知第二个人的意思是可知第二个人的意思是“两者中任何两者中任何一个都可以一个都可以”，所以用，所以用either。 4. We should save some food for _ who arrives late. Theres no need. _ is here. A. anyone; Everyone B. everyone; Anyone C. anyone; Anyone D. everyone; Everyone【解析解析】 A考查代词辨析。句意为：考查代词辨析。句意为：“我们应我们应该留着些吃的给来晚的人。该留着些吃的给来晚的人。” “没有必没有必要。大家都到齐了。要。大家都到齐了。” 第一个空第一个空anyone(任何人任何人)是先行词，后面跟是先行词，后面跟who引引导的定语从句；第二个空的导的定语从句；第二个空的everyone指指“大家；每个人大家；每个人”，选，选A。 5. Nine thousand guests took part in the outdoor ceremony, _ that impressed so many people at the White House. A. that B. this C. it D. one【解析解析】考查代词。考查代词。one指代前面提到的指代前面提到的the outdoor ceremony，one及其后的定语从句与前面的及其后的定语从句与前面的the outdoor ceremony是同位关系，其他代是同位关系，其他代词没有这样的用法，故答案为词没有这样的用法，故答案为D。6. He paid 30% of the price for the house, and promised to pay _ by the end of the month. A. those B. the others C. the rest D. the other【解析解析】考查代词。从语意考查代词。从语意“承诺剩下的在月底支承诺剩下的在月底支付付”可知，可知，the rest表示表示“剩下的剩下的”，常用，常用来指代前面提到的名词，选来指代前面提到的名词，选C项。项。7. How can I help _ if people dont read the instructions? A. that B. it C. what D. them【解析解析】 考查代词。句意为：如果人们不看说明，考查代词。句意为：如果人们不看说明，我有什么办法呢？此处我有什么办法呢？此处it用于谈论某种情用于谈论某种情况。况。8. The man has made _ a rule never to regret and never to complain. A. it B. that C. himself D. this【解析解析】 考查代词的用法。考查代词的用法。it是形式宾语，后面的是形式宾语，后面的不定式不定式never to regret and never to complain作真正的宾语。作真正的宾语。代词及代词及it学习目标：学习目标：1. 掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代 词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代 词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代 词的用法；词的用法；2. 掌握掌握it的基本用法。的基本用法。一、概念一、概念代词是代替名词的词，代词是代替名词的词，按其意义、特征及按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词定代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词等。等。二、相关知识点精讲二、相关知识点精讲1. 人称代词人称代词1) 代替人或物的代词称为人称代词。代替人或物的代词称为人称代词。 其人称、数和格，如下表所示。其人称、数和格，如下表所示。2) 人称代词有人称代词有主格和宾格主格和宾格之分。通常之分。通常主格作主格作 主语主语，宾格作宾语宾格作宾语。如：。如： I like table tennis. （作主语）（作主语） Do you know him? （作宾语）（作宾语）3) 人称代词还可作人称代词还可作表语表语。作。作表语时用宾格表语时用宾格。 如：如：4) 人称代词在人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行之后与其他人或事物进行 比较时，用比较时，用主格和宾格主格和宾格都可以。如：都可以。如： He is older than me. He is older than I am.- Who is knocking at the door?- Its me.2. 物主代词物主代词1) 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主 代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主 代词，如下表所示。代词，如下表所示。2) 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词形容词， 可在句中作可在句中作定语定语。例如：。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3) 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词名词，在句，在句 中可用作中可用作主语、宾语和表语主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there. （作主语）（作主语） - Is this English-book yours?（作表语）（作表语） - No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作宾语）（作宾语） 3. 指示代词指示代词指示代词起指示、指代作用。包括：指示代词起指示、指代作用。包括：this，that，these，those。 1) this和和these一般用来指一般用来指在时间或空间上在时间或空间上 较近的事物或人较近的事物或人，that和和those则则指时间指时间 和空间上较远的事物或人和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time.2) 有时有时that和和those指前面指前面讲到过的事物讲到过的事物， this和和these则是指则是指下面将要讲到的事下面将要讲到的事 物物，例如：，例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English. 3) 有时有时为了避免重复提到的名词为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用，常可用 that或或those代替，例如：代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.4) this在电话用语中代表自己在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表则代表 对方。例如：对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 4. 反身代词反身代词 英语中用来表示英语中用来表示“我自己我自己”，“你自你自己己”， “他自己他自己”，“我们自己我们自己”，“你们自你们自己己” “他们自己他们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代等意义的代词称为反身代 词，其形式如表所示。词，其形式如表所示。反身代词可以在句中作反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位宾语，表语，同位语语。1) 作作宾语宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的，表示动作的承受者就是动作的 发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些 人。如：人。如：He called himself a writer.2) 作作表语表语。如：。如： It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon. 3) 作主语或宾语的同位语作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本，表示亲自或本 人。如：人。如： I myself washed the clothes.enjoy oneself 过得快活过得快活make oneself at home 别客气，别拘束别客气，别拘束 make oneself understood/heard 使自己被别人理解使自己被别人理解/听到听到 for oneself 为自己为自己by oneself 独自地独自地反身代词短语反身代词短语 中文中文 主格主格宾格宾格形容词性形容词性物主代词物主代词名词性物名词性物主代词主代词反身代词反身代词我我我们我们你你你们你们他他她她它它他们他们 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselvesyou you your yours yourselfyou you your yours yourselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itselfthey them their theirs themselves5. 不定代词：不定代词： some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求 并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于 疑问句中；疑问句中；any一般用于否定和疑问句一般用于否定和疑问句 中，但当中，但当any强调强调“任何任何”时，也可用时，也可用于于 肯定句中。肯定句中。 同理：同理：something, somebody, someone的的 用法同用法同some；anything, anybody, anyone的用法同的用法同any。somesome和和anyany some用于肯定句中，用于单数用于肯定句中，用于单数可数名词前表示可数名词前表示“某一某一”。 I have some friends. Smith went to some place in England.（定语）（定语） 在期待对方回答在期待对方回答yes时，时，some用在表用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。示请求或邀请的问句中。 Would you like some bananas?（邀请）（邀请） Mum, could you give me some money? （请求）（请求）用法：用法： any用于疑问句和否定句。用于疑问句和否定句。 Is there any student in the classroom? No, there isnt any student. any用于肯定句表示用于肯定句表示“任何任何”的意思。的意思。 Any day is okay for me. ONE, BOTH, ALL ONE, BOTH, ALL one指人或物，指人或物，“一个一个”，其复数为，其复数为ones。This is not the one I want. (表语表语) both指人或指物，指人或指物，“两者都两者都”。 This maths problem can be worked out in both ways. (定语定语) 注意：注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；用于否定句，表示部分否定； 表示完全否定时，用表示完全否定时，用neither。 Both of us are not teachers. 我们俩并不都是教师。我们俩并不都是教师。 Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。我们俩都不是教师。 both不能放在不能放在the、these、those、my等等 之后，而应放在它们的前面。之后，而应放在它们的前面。 Both my parents like this film. all“全部的全部的”、“整个的整个的”，可与可数，可与可数或不可数名词连用，表示或不可数名词连用，表示“所有的所有的”、“全部的全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或，指三个或三个以上的人或物。物。 He gave me all the money. 他把全部的钱给了我。他把全部的钱给了我。 All the schools are flooded. 所有的学校都被淹了。所有的学校都被淹了。 注意：注意：all用于否定句，表示部分否定，用于否定句，表示部分否定， 完全否定用完全否定用none。如：如： Not all the ants go out for food. All the ants dont go out for food. 并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。 None of the money is mine. 这钱一分也不是我的。这钱一分也不是我的。 manymany和和much much many用来修饰可数名词，用来修饰可数名词，much用来修用来修饰不可数名词。饰不可数名词。He gets a lot of letters but she doesnt get many. 他收到的信很多，可她的信不多。他收到的信很多，可她的信不多。 You have a lot of free time but I havent much. 你有许多空闲时间，可我没有。你有许多空闲时间，可我没有。FEW, LITTLE; A FEW, A LITTLEFEW, LITTLE; A FEW, A LITTLE few和和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；表示没有多少，含否定意义；而而a few和和a little表示有一些，有几个，含表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，肯定意义。另外，few、a few修饰可数名修饰可数名词；词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。他有几个朋友。He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。我们还有点时间。There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。几乎没剩下什么时间了。 EACHEACH和和EVERY EVERY each指有限的数目，尤其指指有限的数目，尤其指“两个中的每两个中的每 一个一个”，在句中可作，在句中可作主语、宾语、同位语主语、宾语、同位语 和定语和定语。every指三个或三个以上的人或指三个或三个以上的人或 物，在句中只能作物，在句中只能作定语定语。 Each has his good point. （主语）（主语） Our headteacher had a talk with each of us. （宾语）（宾语） We each got a ticket.（同位语）（同位语） Every student knows the answer.（定语）（定语）every强调全体的概念，强调全体的概念， each强调个体强调个体概念。概念。Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have one book. 每个学生都可有一本书。每个学生都可有一本书。 EITHER和NEITHER either是是“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”的意思，的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是是“两者中没有一个两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句中作或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句中作主语、宾语或定语。如：主语、宾语或定语。如： Here are two pens. You may take either of them. （宾语）（宾语） Neither boy knows French. （定语）（定语）OTHER, OTHERS, THE OTHER, THE OTHER, OTHERS, THE OTHER, THE OTHERS OTHERS 和和 ANOTHERANOTHERthe other表示表示“两者中的另一个两者中的另一个”；other意思是意思是“其他的其他的”，不能单独使用，后，不能单独使用，后 面必须接名词，表泛指；面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其他可指其他的人或东西，相当于的人或东西，相当于other+名词复数名词复数；the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other+名词复数名词复数。another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“(三个或三个以上的三个或三个以上的)另一个另一个”，不能指两，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。 He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow. Some students are singing, others (other students) are dancing. Please give me another book.6. 相互代词：表相互关系。相互代词：表相互关系。each other主要主要 用于用于两者两者；one another用于用于三者或三者三者或三者 以上以上，在现代英语中它们可通用。，在现代英语中它们可通用。7. 疑问代词：表疑问。疑问代词：表疑问。what指事或物，不指事或物，不 强调范围；强调范围；who (whom，whose)指人；指人； which既既可可指人也可指物，但强调范围。指人也可指物，但强调范围。 8. 关系代词：引导定语从句。关系代词：引导定语从句。who， whom，whose，which，that，as9. 连接代词：引导名词性从句。连接代词：引导名词性从句。 who，whom，whose，what，whichTHE USE OF “IT”代词代词 it形式主语形式主语 /形式宾语形式宾语带带it的一些固定词组的一些固定词组It句型的归纳句型的归纳1. 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。 My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.- Who is knocking at the door?- Its me.Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?代词代词 it 2. 用以代替指示代词用以代替指示代词this, that。- Whats this?- Whose exercise-book is that? - Its hers.代词代词 it- Its a flag.3. 表示时间、天气、距离表示时间、天气、距离 季节、季节、 环境、情况等。环境、情况等。Its time for lunch.When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.Its about two hours from here to the zoo.Its winter now. It was very quiet (noisy) at the moment. 代词代词 it返回作作形式主语形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。主语。It is exciting to find an ancient tomb.(代替不定式代替不定式)It was wrong for you not to help her. (代替不定式复合结构代替不定式复合结构)It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.(代替主语从句代替主语从句)形式主语形式主语作作形式宾语形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。或从句表示的真正宾语。He feels it his duty to help others.We thought it no use doing that.I find it difficult to solve the problem.形式宾语形式宾语返回1. 用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某 一成分（通常是一成分（通常是主语、宾语、地点状主语、宾语、地点状 语或时间状语语或时间状语），常用强调结构：），常用强调结构： “It is (was) + 被强调成分被强调成分 + that (或或 who) ”It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday. It句型句型2. Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth.3. Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth.It was kind of her to help me with my English.It is important for you to obey the rules.4. It + seemappearhappen的适当形式的适当形式 + that从句。从句。It appeared that he was calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.5. It + be + 过去分词过去分词 + that从句从句 It is said, reported, announced, hoped, thought, told, believed, expected, decided, suggested, known + that从句从句 It is said that the book was translated into many languages in 1950.6. It + be + 形容词形容词 + that从句从句 可用于此句型的形容词有可用于此句型的形容词有wonderful, true, good, right, wrong, important, useless, surprising, clear, unusual, lucky, certain等。如：等。如： It is important that we (should) study hard. 7. It + be + 名词名词(词组词组) + that从句从句 适用该句型的名词适用该句型的名词(词组词组)有有a pity, an honor, a good thing, a fact, a surprise, good news等。等。 如：如： It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 返回1. (Youve / Ive) got it. 懂了，明白了。懂了，明白了。2. Forget it. 算了吧，别在意，没关系。算了吧，别在意，没关系。3. take it easy 别着急，慢慢来；别过于紧张别着急，慢慢来；别过于紧张4. make it 办得到，做成功办得到，做成功5. It / That (all) depends. 那要看情况而定。那要看情况而定。6. It is hard to say. 情况很难说。情况很难说。带带it的一些固定词组的一些固定词组7. It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果。没有什么结果。 8. Dont mention it. 不用谢。不用谢。9. Thats it. 对了；正是。对了；正是。10. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。信不信由你。11. It doesnt matter. 没有关系；没有关系； 不要紧；不要紧；12. When it comes to 当谈到当谈到；当涉及；当涉及13. Keep it up. 再接再厉。再接再厉。1. Wow! Youve got so many books. But _ of them are interesting. A. all B. both C. neither D. none2. Even if they are on sale, these computers are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _ at the other stores. A. anyone B. this C. that D. the ones3. The policeman never fails to help _ that is in need of his help. A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. those4. I havent read _ of his books, but judging from the one I have read, I think he is a very promising young man. A. all B. none C. neither D. either5. Are the new rules working? Yes. _ tourists leave litter now. A. Few B. More C. Some D. Little6. Havent I made _ clear that you mustnt take the current magazines out of the library? A. this B. it C. that D. one7. Is this school _ you visited a few years ago? Yes, but it isnt _ it used to be. A. the one; what B. one; that C. that; the one D. the one; one8. Can you help Jane carry the box upstairs? Why _? There are so many people around. A. her B. me C. them D. it9. Personality is to a man _ perfume is to a flower. A. that B. which C. what D. like10. How is your trip to Guilin? Very good, but the hotel we stayed in is _ satisfactory. A. anything but B. nothing but C. above all D. more than11. I want to know _: Has Mr. Jones been here the whole morning? A. it B. one C. that D. this12. Some American women think it is mens business to make money and _ to spend it. A. they B. theirs C. them D. their13. What can I do for you, Madam? Im looking for a house. Id like _ with a big garden. A. that B. it C. one D. this14. I hear youve written another novel. Yes. _ should come out in a month or two. A. That B. One C. It D. The one15. Who is _? My young brother, who is in the same school as you. A. one B. another C. it D. this16. An old man gave _ a baby bird that hurt _ when it fell from its nest. A. them; it B. them; itself C. themselves; itself D. themselves; it17. Do you like tea or coffee? _ will do. It doesnt make any difference to me. A. Either B. Neither C. All D. Any18. Mr. Wu graduated from either Beijing University or Beijing Normal University. I cant remember _. A. where B. what C. which D. that19. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those20. For some people money will always be of great importance, while to _ it may never be. A. ones B. others C. the others D. those代词在高考中的考查重点：代词在高考中的考查重点：1. 人称代词主格与宾格的用法；人称代词主格与宾格的用法；2. 名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法；名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法；3. 反身代词的用法；反身代词的用法；4. 指示代词指示代词this, that, these, those的用法；的用法；5. 表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；6. some, any的用法辨析；的用法辨析；7. each, every的用法辨析；的用法辨析；8. (a) little, (a) few, a bit的用法辨析；的用法辨析；9. 替代词替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用的用 法辨析；法辨析；10. another, (the) other(s), else; the rest 的用法辨析；的用法辨析；11. every-, some-, any-, no-与与-thing, -one, -body构成的复合不定代词的用法；构成的复合不定代词的用法；12. it的用法。的用法。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接1. He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007浙江浙江) A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It Multiple choice. 2. The book is of great value. _ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (2007福建福建) A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything3. The mayor has offered a reward of $5000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. (2007上海上海) A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 4. There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _? No, Id rather buy _ in the bookstore. (2007陕西陕西 ) A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it5. Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is. (2008辽宁辽宁) A. Such B. There C. That D. This6. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. (2008四川四川) A. any other B. the other C. another D. other7. Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave. (2008山东山东) A. somethingB. anything C. everything D. nothing8. Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury? (2008江西江西) A. himself B. him C. itself D. it9. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _. (2009四川四川) A. one B. it C. this D. that10. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them. (2009陕西陕西) A. other B. any C. none D. some 11. Wow! Youve got so many clothes. But _ of them are in fashion now. (2009上海上海) A. all B. both C. neither D. none12. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that. (2009山东山东) A. other B. another C. the other D. others13. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again. (2010重庆重庆) A. neither B. either C. each D. all14. Neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010全国全国II) A. others B. the other C. another D. one other15. On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. (2010四川四川) A. him B. his C. me D. mine16. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _. (2010上海上海) A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves17. Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. What do you think of _ over there? (2011重庆重庆) A. the one B. this C. it D. that18. There is _ in his words. We should have a try. (2011四川四川) A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything19. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other. (2011山东山东) A. it B. them C. her D. that20. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. (2011福建福建) A. either B. each C. one D. it
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