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第一部分第一部分 基础考点聚焦基础考点聚焦 必修必修4话题：周围的环境话题：周围的环境【词汇积累词汇积累】1.construction建筑建筑2.condition 情况；状态情况；状态3.situation 情况；形势情况；形势4.surround 环绕；围绕；包围环绕；围绕；包围5.protect 保护保护6.damage 损害；毁坏损害；毁坏7.support 支持；支撑支持；支撑8.surrounding 周围的周围的9.noisy 吵闹的吵闹的10.accessible 可接近的；可使用的可接近的；可使用的11.messy 凌乱的凌乱的12.at the back of 在在后面后面13.on the left/right 在左边在左边/右边右边14.be located/ situated in 位于位于15.be exposed to 暴露暴露16.be harmful to 对对有害有害17.concentrate on 专心于；专注于专心于；专注于18.blame sb.for sth./blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人把某事归咎于某人19.to make things/matters worse 使情况更糟糕的是使情况更糟糕的是20.arouse ones awareness of 唤起某人的唤起某人的意识意识【佳句背诵佳句背诵】1.With the improvement of living standard, people begin to pursue a high quality of life.随着生活水平的提高，人们开始追求高品质的生活。随着生活水平的提高，人们开始追求高品质的生活。2.Public transportation has already been well developed in most urban areas of China. 公共交通在大多数中国城市已经很发达。公共交通在大多数中国城市已经很发达。3.A civilized person wont throw away rubbish or spit wherever he likes. 文明人不会乱丢垃圾，随地吐痰。文明人不会乱丢垃圾，随地吐痰。4.Thanks to the Project Hope, great changes have taken place in the country school.由于希望工程的实施，这所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。由于希望工程的实施，这所乡村学校发生了巨大的变化。【写作模板写作模板】在公共场所注意你的举止在公共场所注意你的举止Last Sunday，I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught my eye. A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. Whats worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby. What a shame！Such behavior left me deep in thought. If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin. I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places. Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.1_ adj.普通的；家常的普通的；家常的 n. . 平原平原2_ n. (海、湖、河等的海、湖、河等的)岸岸3_ n. 山谷山谷4_ adj. 平坦的平坦的5_ n. 同事同事6_ vi. 做生意做生意7_ adj. 多山的；丘陵起伏的多山的；丘陵起伏的8_ adj. 多山的多山的plainshorevalleyflatcolleaguetradehillymountainous9_ adj. 遥远的遥远的10_ adj. 陡峭的；险峻的陡峭的；险峻的11_ n. 地点；场所地点；场所12_ n. 景色；风景景色；风景13_ vt. 围绕；环绕围绕；环绕surrounding adj. 周围的周围的 n. 环境环境(常用复数常用复数)remotesteepspotviewsurround14_ vi. 变狭窄变狭窄narrowly adv. 勉强地勉强地15_ adj. 遥远的遥远的 distance n. 距离距离16._ vt. 禁止禁止forbade/forbad 过去式过去式forbidden 过去分词过去分词narrowdistantforbid1_在在的边缘的边缘2._ 至少至少3_ 穿过，经历，通过穿过，经历，通过4_ 利用利用5_ 有大量的有大量的6_ 远处的远处的7_ 敲竹杠；敲诈敲竹杠；敲诈8_ (俚语俚语)从从中得到乐趣中得到乐趣at the edge ofat leastgo throughtake advantage ofbe heavy within the distancerip offget a kick out of1He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teachertraining college.他和另一他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。解读解读beto do.表示按约定、计划、职责、义务、要求表示按约定、计划、职责、义务、要求等即将发生的动作。等即将发生的动作。仿写仿写你得做完家庭作业才能看电视。你得做完家庭作业才能看电视。You _ before you watch TV.are to finish your homework2We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.我们目睹太阳在白塔后西沉。我们目睹太阳在白塔后西沉。解读解读see宾语现在分词宾语现在分词“看见看见正在做某事正在做某事”仿写仿写你看到晴朗的蓝天中有一些美丽的鸟儿在飞翔吗？你看到晴朗的蓝天中有一些美丽的鸟儿在飞翔吗？Can you _ in the clear blue sky?see some beautiful birds flying3Nearly 100 million people live here，most of them in the east.差不多一亿人口住在此地，绝大多数在东部。差不多一亿人口住在此地，绝大多数在东部。解读解读独立主格结构：独立主格结构：n./pron.介词短语介词短语仿写仿写那男孩手里拿着书去教室。那男孩手里拿着书去教室。The boy goes to the classroom，_.book in hand4Im allowed to stick one in only if Ive been in a place for more than 24 hours.只有我在一个地方呆只有我在一个地方呆24小时以上我才允许自己扎一个。小时以上我才允许自己扎一个。解读解读本句中本句中only if引导条件状语从句，意为引导条件状语从句，意为“只有只有；除非除非才才”。仿写仿写只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。_ to enter this room.Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed复习情态动词复习情态动词1(2014浙江温州质检浙江温州质检)You_worry about it，as everything has been settled now.AshouldntBneedntCcantDmustnt解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：你没必要为之而担心，解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：你没必要为之而担心，因为现在一切都安置好了。因为现在一切都安置好了。B2(2014江苏南京模拟江苏南京模拟)Why were you driving so fast？You_somebody.Amight hurt Bmight have hurtCwould hurt Dmust have hurt解析：考查情态动词的用法。此处表示对过去事实没有把握解析：考查情态动词的用法。此处表示对过去事实没有把握的推测，故用的推测，故用might have done的形式。的形式。B3(2014重庆师大附中月考重庆师大附中月考)Its the office！So you_know eating is not allowed here.Oh，sorry.Amust Bwill Cmay Dneed解析解析:考查情态动词的用法。此处考查情态动词的用法。此处must意为意为“不准不准,禁止禁止”。A4(2014云南昆明模拟云南昆明模拟)I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.Ashall Bcould Cmust Dmay解析：考查情态动词的用法。此处解析：考查情态动词的用法。此处shall表示许诺。答语句意表示许诺。答语句意:别担心。你星期五之前一定会拿到它。别担心。你星期五之前一定会拿到它。A5Who is the girl standing over there?Well，if you_know，her name is Mabel.Amay Bcan Cmust Dshall解析：解析：must在此意思为在此意思为“非得非得”，if you must know意思为意思为“如果你非得知道如果你非得知道”。C1.surroundvt.围绕；环绕围绕；环绕(教材教材P41)A lake is an area of water surrounded by land.一个湖泊就是被一片陆地包围的水域。一个湖泊就是被一片陆地包围的水域。(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.使某人使某人/某物被某人某物被某人/某物包围某物包围be surrounded by/with被被围绕着；周围是围绕着；周围是(2)surrounding adj. 周围的周围的surroundings n. 环境环境(通常用复数形式通常用复数形式) (2013高考北京卷高考北京卷阅读理解阅读理解)Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.有些明星通过和自己信任的朋友和家人在一起或逃到远离大有些明星通过和自己信任的朋友和家人在一起或逃到远离大城市的偏远地方来保持冷静。城市的偏远地方来保持冷静。They have _ police.他们派警察包围了那栋房子。他们派警察包围了那栋房子。Id like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。surrounded the building with2.forbidv(forbad/forbade，forbidden)禁止；不许禁止；不许(教材教材P45)Swimming from the boat is forbidden.禁止从船上下去游泳。禁止从船上下去游泳。(1)forbid(doing)sth.禁止禁止(做做)某事某事forbid sb.to do sth.forbid ones doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事禁止某人某事(2)forbidden adj. 严禁的，禁止的严禁的，禁止的(2013高考天津卷高考天津卷阅读理解阅读理解)Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.请注意，食品和水果请注意，食品和水果在图书馆是被禁止的，但是你可以带饮料和糖果。在图书馆是被禁止的，但是你可以带饮料和糖果。(朗文辞典朗文辞典)He _ the base as a punishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。The law _ in public buildings.法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。was forbidden to leaveforbids smoking3.viewn风景；景色；风景；景色；(个人的个人的)看法看法vt.把把视为；看；观看视为；看；观看(教材教材P49)He always chooses a postcard with a beautiful view，and sticks on an interesting stamp.他总是选一张有美丽风景的明信片他总是选一张有美丽风景的明信片,并贴上一张有趣的邮票。并贴上一张有趣的邮票。(1)in view在视野中在视野中come into view 看得见看得见have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览清楚地看到；饱览(2)in ones view 在某人看来在某人看来in view of 鉴于；考虑到鉴于；考虑到take the view that. 持持的观点的观点(3)view.as. 把把看作看作(4)from ones point of view 从某人的观点来看从某人的观点来看(2013高考重庆卷高考重庆卷阅读理解阅读理解)Cant you see things from my point of view?难道你不能从我的观点来看事情吗？难道你不能从我的观点来看事情吗？We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill.在山顶上我们清楚地看到了全城景色。在山顶上我们清楚地看到了全城景色。 The lake _ as we turned the corner.我们转过弯就看见那个湖了。我们转过弯就看见那个湖了。_ the shortage of time，each person may only speak for five minutes.鉴于时间有限，每个人只能发言鉴于时间有限，每个人只能发言5分钟。分钟。came into viewIn view of.品句填词品句填词1_(自然地自然地)enough，she wanted her child to grow up healthily.2When I was a little boy，Id like to stare at the_(遥远的遥远的)stars at night.3Many_(多山的多山的)regions attract many visitors nowadays.4At that time，the state law_(禁止禁止)the teaching of evolution.Naturallydistantmountainousforbade5The new TV companies are fully_(开发开发)the potential of satellite transmission.6There are plans to widen the_(最狭窄的最狭窄的)sections of the road.7She discussed the idea with some of her_(同事同事)8Hes always_(包围包围)by people who adore him.exploitingnarrowestcolleaguessurrounded.单项填空单项填空1If we sit near_front of the bus，well have_better view.A不填；不填；theB不填；不填；aCthe；aDthe；the解析：考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意：如果我们坐在解析：考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意：如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。表示公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。表示“某空间内部的某空间内部的前部前部”时，时，front前要加定冠词前要加定冠词the；have a good view是习是习惯搭配，表示惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好视野开阔，视野良好”之意；所以之意；所以C项符合项符合语境。语境。C2He found his son_by letters and papers and_very worried.Asurrounding；looked Bsurrounded；lookedCsurrounding；looking Dsurrounded；looking解析：动词的过去分词充当宾补，表示被动；动词的现在分解析：动词的过去分词充当宾补，表示被动；动词的现在分词充当宾补，表示主动。根据句意应选词充当宾补，表示主动。根据句意应选D。D3I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale，it was a real_.Aexchange Bbargain Ctrade Dbusiness解析：句意：我只花了解析：句意：我只花了10美元就买了一套裙子，真划算。根美元就买了一套裙子，真划算。根据据“只花了只花了10美元美元”，言外之意花钱不多，所以选，言外之意花钱不多，所以选bargain“便宜货，廉价货便宜货，廉价货”。exchange互换；互换；trade贸易贸易；business生意。生意。B4(2014辽宁大连质检辽宁大连质检)Standing on the top of the mountain,we can get a wonderful_.Ascene Bview Csight Dlook解析解析:考查名词词义辨析。考查名词词义辨析。view指在某个特定位置所能欣赏到指在某个特定位置所能欣赏到的所有的所有“景物景物,景致景致”。scene指景色时包括人和活动在内指景色时包括人和活动在内;sight指人们游览观光的风景指人们游览观光的风景;look指外表。根据句意可知选指外表。根据句意可知选B。B.写出下列句中写出下列句中view的含义的含义1My view of study has changed since I talked with my teacher last term._2He climbed up to the top of the church tower to get a better view of the entire city._3When the old man opened the window，a stranger with a high hat came into view._4I got an opportunity to view the movie before it was released._5 W e c a n v i e w t h e p r o b l e m i n m a n y ways._观点，见解观点，见解景色，风景景色，风景视野视野观看观看考虑考虑 1.at least至少；起码 (教材P42)“Oh，well，”my friend said，“at least we have two more left.” 我朋友说，“至少我们能看到另外两个峡谷”。 not in the least一点也不；毫不 at(the)most 最多；至多；不超过；充其量(2013高考浙江卷高考浙江卷信息匹配信息匹配)Professors regularly give adviceor at least a few useful tipsduring office hours.在办公时间教授经常提出建议或至少有一些有用的提在办公时间教授经常提出建议或至少有一些有用的提示。示。(朗文辞典朗文辞典) You could buy a good washing machine for about 350，400 _.350英镑左右，最多英镑左右，最多400英镑，就能买一台不错的洗衣机。英镑，就能买一台不错的洗衣机。You are not disturbing me in the least.你一点也没有打扰到我。你一点也没有打扰到我。at most2.go through穿过，经历，通过；浏览穿过，经历，通过；浏览(教材教材P42)The next day we went through the big gorges on the Yangtze River.第二天我们经过了长江的大峡谷。第二天我们经过了长江的大峡谷。go about着手干；四处走动；着手干；四处走动；(故事等故事等)流传流传go against 反对；违背；对反对；违背；对不利不利go by 逝去；过去逝去；过去go over 复习；仔细检查复习；仔细检查go up 上涨；上升；攀登上涨；上升；攀登(牛津词典牛津词典)I always start the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是看电子邮件。我每天第一件事就是看电子邮件。(牛津词典牛津词典)Ive gone through all my pockets but I cant find my keys.我把所有的口袋儿都找遍了，就是找不到我的钥匙。我把所有的口袋儿都找遍了，就是找不到我的钥匙。When he was a child，he _ one hardship after another.孩提时代，他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。孩提时代，他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。If you _ nature，it will punish you.如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。went throughgo against.选词填空选词填空1He _ playing football.2He may be slow but _ he is reliable.3They live in a big house _ the town.4The air _ the scent of flowers.5Lets _ the arguments again.at the edge of；at least；go through；get a kick out of；be heavy withgets a kick out ofat leastat the edge ofis heavy withgo through.单项填空单项填空1A two percent increase in pay is not very much，but_its better than nothing.Aat all Bat most Cat least Dat once解析：考查短语辨析。句意：工资增长百分之二不是很多，解析：考查短语辨析。句意：工资增长百分之二不是很多，但是至少比没有强。但是至少比没有强。at least“至少至少”，符合句意。，符合句意。at all表表示示“根本，全然根本，全然”，常用于否定句；，常用于否定句；at most“至多至多”；at once“立刻，马上立刻，马上”，均不符合句意。，均不符合句意。C2Those who have_floods and sandstorms know the importance of environmental protection.Agone over Bgone throughCgot through Dgot over解析：句意：那些经历过水灾和沙尘暴的人们知道自然保护解析：句意：那些经历过水灾和沙尘暴的人们知道自然保护的重要性。的重要性。go over 预习，复习；预习，复习；go through经历，经受；经历，经受；get through通过，完成；通过，完成；get over克服。克服。B(教材教材P42)He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teachertraining college.他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。他和另一位同事将在那里的一所教师进修学院教两年英语。be to do sth.表示按计划或安排将要做某事。表示按计划或安排将要做某事。不定式作表语常见用法：不定式作表语常见用法： (1)表示按约定、计划、职责、义务、要求等即将发生的动作表示按约定、计划、职责、义务、要求等即将发生的动作,这是将来时的一种用法。这是将来时的一种用法。(2)表示必须或应该，在意思上相当于表示必须或应该，在意思上相当于must，should，ought to或或have to。(3)表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。(4)如果主语是以如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的等为中心的名词，或名词，或what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用。补充说明的作用。(朗文辞典朗文辞典) All guests are to vacate their rooms by 10 am.on the day of their departure.所有退房的旅客必须在离开当日上午所有退房的旅客必须在离开当日上午10点前腾出房间。点前腾出房间。This medicine _ three times a day.这种药一天要服三次。这种药一天要服三次。is to be takenOur aim is to catch up with the worlds advanced level at the end of this century.我们的目标是要在本世纪末达到世界先进水平。我们的目标是要在本世纪末达到世界先进水平。If you _，you have to make more efforts.如果你想成功的话，你必须更加努力。如果你想成功的话，你必须更加努力。are to succeed.完成句子完成句子1You _(将要在五点以前将要在五点以前完成这项任务完成这项任务)this afternoon.2The students are _(将在学将在学校校大门口集合大门口集合)tomorrow.3His dream is _(成为一名医生成为一名医生)are to finish the work before fiveto meet at the school gateto be a doctor.单项填空单项填空1The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_.Ais made Bwould makeCwas to be made Dhad made解析：句意：在澳洲发现金矿，这件事使得成千上万的人相解析：句意：在澳洲发现金矿，这件事使得成千上万的人相信他们一定会发大财。信他们一定会发大财。make a fortune “发财发财”，此处应，此处应该用被动式，故排除该用被动式，故排除B和和D项。根据句中谓语动词用的过去时项。根据句中谓语动词用的过去时态态led排除排除A项。项。be to do表示表示“注定会注定会，一定会，一定会”，符合句意。，符合句意。C2In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they_.Ahave survived Bare to surviveCwould survive Dwill survive解析：考查动词时态。句意：在这么干旱的天气里，要想这解析：考查动词时态。句意：在这么干旱的天气里，要想这些花存活下去，必须给它们浇水。根据句意和主句时态可以些花存活下去，必须给它们浇水。根据句意和主句时态可以排除排除A、C项；又因为项；又因为if从句不能使用将来时态从句不能使用将来时态,可排除可排除D项。项。B项项be to do 结构用于条件句中表示结构用于条件句中表示“想要；设想想要；设想”之意。之意。B3In a room above our classroom，where a party_，some students were busy setting the table.Awas to be held Bhas been heldCwill be held Dis being held解析：由语境知，此处指的是将要发生的动作，表示安排好解析：由语境知，此处指的是将要发生的动作，表示安排好的事情。的事情。A写作素材写作素材1我们打算去一个被群山环绕的遥远的村庄野炊。我们打算去一个被群山环绕的遥远的村庄野炊。2它大约它大约30公里远。公里远。3从山顶看去风景很美。从山顶看去风景很美。4人们生活在这美丽的自然环境里感觉到很幸福。人们生活在这美丽的自然环境里感觉到很幸福。提示：提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。连句成篇连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文词左右的英语短文)_We plan to go for a picnic in a remote village surrounded by hills.Its about 30 kilometers distant and the view from the top of the hill is beautiful.People are happy to live in the beautiful natural surroundings.
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