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Part1 M5.Unit15Unit15Unit15LearningLearningModule51、secure adj. 安全的 vt. 使安全；(尤指经过努力)获得，实现；保证， 确保 The little boy felt secure near his parents. 那个小男孩在父母身边感到安心。 a secure place 一个安全的地方 feel secure about ones future 对将来感到放心 a secure job/income 稳定的工作/收入 secure oneself a place/a place for oneself in为自己赢得一席之地secure, insure, ensure与assure secure作“确保”解时， 暗含采取行动来保证不受攻击或损失、损害。 He works hard in order to secure his position in the company. 他努力工作以确保他在公司的地位。 insure, ensure和assure在表示“确保有”时， 在很多语境下可以互换， 但insure强调事先必须采取具体的措施。 Careful planning should insure the success of the party. 详细的计划可确保派对的成功。 assure特别暗指消除某人心中的疑虑或顾虑。I assure you that no harm will be done. 我向你保证不会有任何伤害。完成句子。1. 以此谋生终非长久之计。 Its not a very secure way to make a living. 2. 他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。 At last they were able to feel secure about the future. 2、lay sb. off 解雇某人 When the manager told me that I would be laid off, I was too upset to say anything. 当经理告诉我我要被解雇时， 我悲伤得一句话也说不出来。 同义词：dismiss; fire laidoff adj. 被解雇了的完成句子。1. 由于没有新的订货，他们遭暂时解雇。 They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. 2. 下岗工人积极参加再就业培训。 Laidoff workers should take full advantage of retraining programs. 3、suspect v. suspect sth./suspect thatclause怀疑，觉得，猜想(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap. 他毫无察觉，径直走入陷阱。 I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me. 我开始觉察出，他们试图摆脱掉我。不信任；不相信I suspect her motives. 我怀疑她的动机不纯。(相当于doubt) suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑(某人有罪)He resigned after being suspected of theft. 他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。suspect n. 可疑分子；嫌疑犯 (第二个音节重读) When the man was found dead, the police arrested two suspects. 当发现那个人死后， 警察逮捕了两名可疑分子。suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的；怀疑的 be suspicious of/about sb./sth. They became suspicious of his behaviour and contacted the police. 他们开始觉得他行为可疑，便报了警。 完成句子。1. 我们怀疑他提供假情报。We suspected him of giving false information. 2. 我怀疑他是个说谎的家伙。I suspect him to be a liar. /I suspect that he is a liar. 3. 很多人对改革持怀疑态度。Many were suspicious of reform. 4、instruct vt. 教， 指导；通知， 告知；指示， 命令 instruct sb. whclause通知 instruct sb. to do sth.指示某人做某事 instruction n. U 教， 讲授；(usually pl.) 指示， 命令；(pl.)用法说明 give instruction in English 用英语讲授 give/receive instructions to do sth. 下达/得到命令(或指示)做某事 汉译英。1. 没有人通知我们何时出发。 We were not instructed when to start. 2. 我们受到指示不得说出此事。 We were instructed not to tell about it. 3. 使用之前请仔细阅读说明书。 Read the instructions carefully before you use it. 5、bury v. 埋藏， 埋葬； 隐匿； 埋头， 沉溺(in) He buried the treasures under the ground. 他把财宝埋藏在地下。 bury yourself in something 专心致志于某事；隐居 Since she left, hes buried himself in his work. 自从她走后，他全身心地扑在工作上。 buried treasure 埋藏的财宝be buried alive 被活埋1. 他隐居到乡下去写书。He buried himself in the country to write a book. 2. 那所房子被掩埋在10英尺厚的雪底下。The house was buried under ten feet of snow. 6、pace n. 步速；速度v. 踱步The runners have noticeably quickened their pace. 赛跑者明显加快了脚步。 at the pace of 3 miles an hour 以每小时3英里的步速 at a slow/fast pace 步速慢/快 quicken ones pace 加快脚步 quicken the pace of educational reform 加快教育改革的进度 keep pace withkeep up with 跟齐步前进The little boy cant keep pace with his elder brothers. 那个小男孩跟不上他哥哥们的步子。 lack pace缺乏节奏感 pace up and down来回踱步；走来走去完成句子。 1. 她工作得很快， 我跟不上她的速度。 She works so fast that I cant keep pace with her. 2. 他必须学会使自己适应这项工作的节奏。 Hell have to learn to 2. pace himself in this job. 3. 会后经理烦躁/焦虑地在房间踱来踱去。 After the meeting the manager paced up and down the room. 7、reflect vt. 反射， 折射；映出， 反映 vi. 沉思， 深思， 考虑 Mirrors reflect light. 镜子反光。 reflect sb./sth. (in sth.)The clouds/trees were reflected/mirrored in the water. 云彩/树木倒映在水中。 reflect on/upon sth.认真思考；沉思 reflect on a problem 思考一个问题 reflect on what to do next 考虑下一步怎么办完成句子。1. 一个人的神态反映出他内心的思想。 Ones looks reflect the thoughts passing through his mind. 2. 我经常思考人生的美丽与复杂。I often reflect on the beauty and complexity of life. 8、obey vt. 服从， 听从 obey sb. without question 绝对服从某人 Soldiers are expected to obey their orders without question. 军人应当绝对服从命令。 to obey a command/an order/rules/the law 服从指挥/命令；遵守规章/法律汉译英。1. 他对父母一向绝对服从。 He had always obeyed his parents without question. 2. 她的两条腿简直不听使唤。 Her legs just wouldnt obey her. 9、lack vt. 缺乏， 缺少n. 缺乏，缺少 He lacks confidence in himself. 他缺乏自信心。 lack sth. 缺少 for lack of sth. 因缺少 a lack of food/money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能 have no lack of不缺少 lacking adj. be lacking in sth.(抽象名词) 完成句子。1. 这植物因缺水而枯死了。 The plant died for lack of water. 2. 因证据不足， 他们被无罪释放。Lack of evidence resulted in their being set free. 10、access n. 通路；接近， 进入(后常接介词to)；vt. 接近， 使用 have/get access to sth./sb. 有(使用或见到的某人某物)机会，权利 Students must have access to good resources. 学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。 the access to the building 到达(或进入)大厦的通路 accessible adj. 易接近的；可进入的 be accessible to sb./sth.汉译英。1. 我的爷爷奶奶没有接受教育的机会。 My grandparents have no access to education. 2. 公众无法看到这些文件。 These documents are not accessible to the public.11、acquire vt. 获得， 取得；开始占有或具有；学到(知识等)How did he acquire his wealth?他的财富是怎样得来的？ acquire fame 成名 acquire a good knowledge of sth. 学到很多知识 acquire a habit 养成一种习惯 acquirement n. 取得； 才能； 造诣 完成句子。1. 我千方百计地搞到了我所需要的资料。 I tried to acquire the information I needed. 2. 他的品格使他得到好名声。 His character acquired him a good name. 12、tend to do 倾向于；转向；易造成Boys tend to be bigger than girls. 男孩子往往比女孩子个头大。 tend (to) sb./sth. 照料；照管；护理welltended gardens 精心照料的花园汉译英。1. 我累了就容易出错。 When Im tired, I tend to make mistakes. 2. 医生和护士护理受伤者。 Doctors and nurses tended the injured. 13、approve vt. 批准，认可 vi. 赞成， 称许 approve of (doing) sth.赞成(做)某事 We dont approve of solving the problem by way of fighting. 我们不赞成用打架的方式来解决问题。 approval n. 完成句子。1. 我不认可这种行为。I couldnt approve such conduct. 2. 他不同意我今年离校。He doesnt approve of me/my leaving school this year. 14、urge vt. 推进， 驱策 He was urged by his conscience. 他受他的良心所驱策。极力主张， 强烈要求(此义引导的宾语从句用虚拟should do) They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the vacation. 他们要求图书馆假期也开放。催促， 力劝，搭配：urge sb. to do sth. 或thatclauseHe urged us to give a helping hand to the beggar. 他敦促我们帮帮那个乞丐。汉译英。1. 这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童传授环境保护的重要性。 The report urged that all children be taught the importance of protecting the environment. 2. 她力劝他留下。 She urged him to stay. 15、assume vt. 假设， 以为；承担；假装I assume that this might be true. 我想这可能是真的。 It is generally assumed that 普遍认为 assume sb. to do 认为 assume responsibility for承担责任 assumption n. 假定；设想 make assumptions about对做出猜测完成句子。1. 普遍认为，紧张系工作过重所致。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 2. 我本以为他是美国人。I had assumedhim to be an American. 3. 我错了， 我愿为此承担责任。I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 16、vital adj. 至关重要的， 生死攸关的It was such a vital clue that we jumped for joy. 我们对于这极其重要的线索感到欣喜若狂。 be vital to sb./sth. It is vital that S. (should) do汉译英。 1. 这一点对我的论据极为重要。 This point is vital to my argument. 2. 我们必须快速离开。 It is vital that we move quickly. 17、I wish I _hadnt_given_up my dancing lessons. (P41) 我希望我没有放弃我的舞蹈课。 wish引导的宾语从句一般用虚拟， 因为愿望跟事实一般不符。wish (that)S.did (were)(与现在事实不符)as ifS. had done(与过去事实不符)If onlyS. would do(将来发生的可能性小)汉译英。1. 要是我那时不懒就好了。 If only I had not been lazy at that time. 2. 他教训我的口吻似乎他就是我的父亲一样。 He told me off as if he were my father. ()1. (2010北京卷) The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt dieB. didnt die C. hadnt diedD. wouldnt have died D第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好得多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。与过去事实相反：过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。 if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years, they would_have_stayed there until retirement！(P37)()2. (2010重庆卷) The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building_now.A.remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained Aremain在这儿意思是“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态。整句话是对现在事实的陈述，所以用一般现在时。 Education is what remains when we have forgotten all we have been taught.(P39)()3. (2010江西卷) Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father.A. shouldersB. shoulderedC. is shoulderingD. has been shouldering D在本句since 表示自从过去到现在一直这样还将延续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。 I havent seen Mr. Jenkins since I left school but I often think about him.(P40)如何增加亮点()7. 适当运用非谓语结构 非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人熟练驾驭语言的印象。 例由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。一般句As I didnt know her address, I wasnt able to get in touch with her.优秀句Not knowing her address, I wasnt able to get in touch with her. 8. 注意文章的过渡与衔接 书面表达的评分标准是把衔接和连贯作为核心标准来要求的，其语篇衔接作用的极其重要性是不言而喻的。学生要学会恰当地使用这些表示逻辑关系的关联词语，使文章前后连贯，结构紧凑，过渡自然。表示过渡与衔接的常用表达有：(1)表示顺序：first, then, finally, in the end 等。(2)表示转折：but, however, meanwhile, at the same time, instead, on the contrary, unfortunately, after all等。(3)表示并列：bothand, as well as, neithernor, eitheror, somesome等。(4)表示递进：besides, even, moreover, whats more, furthermore等。(5)表示时间：now, then, in the past, at present, in the future等。(6)表示对比：while, on one hand, on the other hand, in the same way, just as等。(7)表示因果：because, as, now that, so, therefore等。(8)表示程度：first of all, above all, again and again等。(9)表示强调：indeed, surely, certainly, of course, above all等。(10)表示列举：for example, such as, for instance等。(11)表示总结：in a word, in short, in brief, in all, in conclusion等。9. 合理安排句型 注意把意思相近、相似、互为补充的句子合为一个复杂句，使重点突出，并且要明确内在的逻辑关系。 When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth, or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want. 改为：To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want. 改后的句子由两句变为一句，句义更易理解，逻辑更清楚。10. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构例如果她的发音不比她老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。一般句If her pronunciation is not better than her teachers, it is at least as good as her teachers.优秀句Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teachers. 11. 大胆使用高级词汇Her dark eyes are very attractive.她的黑眼睛很迷人。(用attractive比用beautiful高级)Is the manager available?经理在不在？(用available比用in高级) I happened upon her in the street the_other_day. 几天前，我在街上碰巧遇见了她。(用the other day比用a few days ago高级) Hearing the news, I felt kind_of discouraged. 听到这个消息，我感到有点泄气。(kind of在此用作副词，意为“有点”) H e s t o o d b e f o r e h i s t e a c h e r s i l e n t l y, with_his_head_down. 他低着头，一言不发地站在老师面前。(with复合结构用得好)
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