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一、见见新题型一、见见新题型2014年英语高考，我们迎来了新的改革，以语法词汇填空题替代了使用几十年之久的单项填空题。此种题型对广大考生综合运用语言知识的能力有了进一步的提高，下面我们与广大考生一起微笑着面对新题型。一、题型特点在一篇200词左右的语篇(短文或对话)中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空格处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空格处应填写的内容。二、考点分布下面我们结合近三年广东省高考英语试题来分析语法填空题的考点分布：年份题号2013年2012年2011年16时态非谓语动词副词17连词时态连词18疑问词词形转换非谓语动词19词形转换冠词时态20关系词连词词形转换21介词比较等级关系词22介词关系词代词23词形转换介词介词24冠词关系词冠词25非谓语动词代词代词三、解题“四步曲”1理解短文。这一步是解题关键的一步。解题之前，我们首先应通读全文，理解大意，把握故事发生的时间、地点、逻辑关系。文中相当一部分空格是通过对文章逻辑结构的把握来确定正确答案的。另外，谓语动词必须在把握动作发生的时间后才能确定其时态。在答题之前，最好对全文通读一至两遍，不要一拿到试题就开始作答。部分同学拿到试题后，仅仅看空格前后局部的结构，迅速作答。这似乎加快了答题的速度，但事实上这会使你欲速则不达。2寻找依据。考生要善于发现答题的依据。答题的依据通常有：句型、搭配、逻辑关系、句子结构、上下文等。当然这些能力不是一两天就能够具备的。考生必须在平时的学习过程中，大量地吸收英语语言材料(包括书面的、口头的、视听的等)，培养语感。3确定答案。经过第二步后，基本上就可以确定答案。但是，在确定答案的时候，还要进行进一步的论证。其依据就是上下文的内容、句型及搭配等。4.论证答案。最后，将答案代入短文中进行验证，看其在逻辑、语法结构、搭配等方面是否正确无误，同时注意所填内容的拼写、大小写及词性等。四、解题方法之空格形式1根据固定短语或句意解题根据固定短语或句意解题是完成语法填空题的重要方法。我们应该先根据句意推断出空格处的具体意思，然后再根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。这要求我们在学习的过程中注意对短语的归纳、比较和记忆。例如：so.that, neither.nor., not only.but also.，以及一些动词短语，介词短语的固定搭配。2根据上下文提示解题有时能根据空格处上下文中的某些关键词或词组推断出所要填的词。有的直接明了，一眼就能看出；有的暗含其中，需要仔细推理判断。例如：冠词的使用，a(n)，the；代词的使用；疑问词的使用等。3根据语法分析句子的结构解题做语法填空题时，经常会碰到一些长难句，一个复合句中包含好几个从句。这时，我们首先要抓住句子的主干，然后再分析其他部分，这样解题的过程就被简化了。名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等句型对引导词的考查。五、解题方法之词形变化这种考查形式主要考查实词的词形变化。可以根据句子结构和所填词的语法功能，判断用所给词的何种词性等。词形变化主要涉及动词、形容词、副词、名词等。1动词动词的变化是语法填空题的考查重点之一。首先应判断考查的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和语气等；非谓语动词要考虑用动词ing形式，动词ed形式还是用动词不定式形式，同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态等问题。2形容词和副词首先应当确定所填词的功能，是修饰名词还是动词或形容词。若是修饰名词用形容词。若是修饰动词、形容词用副词。形容词或副词还要看是否有比较等级的变化，即用原级、比较级还是最高级。还有一点最容易忽略的是它们的词义，即是肯定的还是否定的。3名词当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑该名词是可数还是不可数，若是可数名词，用单数还是复数。语法填空题虽说是“新”题型，通过以上分析，我们不难发现，它就是把以前的单项填空在语境、语篇方面放长了，用一篇文章来考大家综合运用所学的语法、词汇知识，相信广大考生一定会取得优异成绩。二、讲讲新型题二、讲讲新型题专题专题1记叙文型语法填空记叙文型语法填空记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，是常见的文体。在语法填空篇章中，其语言特点有：是常见的文体。在语法填空篇章中，其语言特点有：1以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态，使文章所叙述的动作具有层次多彩的谓语动词时态，使文章所叙述的动作具有层次感和立体感。感和立体感。2广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满“动感动感”，而这种让往事历历在目的，而这种让往事历历在目的“动感动感”正是优正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。(2011广东卷)One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment _1_ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _2_ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _3_ (sit) at the front. He _4_ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be _5_ (mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to _6_ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _7_ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _8_ his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _9_ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice. It made _10_ of us feel good.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案与解析本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的一次坐车经历：在公交车上遇到一个好像是弱智的人，其他人都躲开了，而“我”走近了他，和他聊起来，一路上“我”俩都很高兴。1later考查副词的用法。我离开得较早因为那天晚些时候我有个约会。2till/until考查状语从句的连接词。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽车来。3sitting/sit考查动词的用法。notice sb doing/do sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。4was pretending考查动词的时态。由giving it a voice可知用过去进行时。5mentally考查副词的用法。此处disabled是形容词，用副词修饰。6whom考查定语从句的关系词。此处he was trying to talk to 是定语从句，people是先行词，whom作介词to的宾语。7they考查代词的用法。他们走开然后坐在我的旁边。8on考查词组的用法。此处考查词组on ones own (alone)。9an考查冠词的用法。amazing是以元音音素开头，故用an。10both考查代词的用法。由上文 We had.amazing conversation可知“我们俩”都很高兴。Elevenyearold Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous system. The doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering _1_ this illness.They predicted shed spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair. _2_ Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again someday.The doctors were charmed by her _3_ (defeatable) spirit.They taught her about imagingabout seeing herself _4_ (walk)Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy (理疗), lying there faithfully doing her imaging, visualizing herself moving, moving, moving!One day, _5_ she was straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again, _6_ seemed as though a miracle happened: the bed moved! She screamed out, “Look what I _7_ (do)! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved, I moved！” Of course, _8_ this very moment everyone _9_ in the hospital was screaming, too.It was the San Francisco earthquake.But dont tell _10_ to Angela.Shes convinced that she did it.And now only a few years later, shes back in school.On her own two legs.No walking sticks, no wheelchair.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的脚动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。1解析：recover from an illness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。答案：from2解析：与前句是转折关系。答案：But3解析：在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示“不败的”，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。答案：undefeatable4解析：see sb doing“看见某人在做某事”。答案：walking5解析：as表示“正当时”。答案：as6解析：句式搭配：it seems as if/as though.仿佛是答案：it7解析：句意：看，我在做什么！答案：am doing8解析：at this very moment意为“此刻”。答案：at9解析：用于复合不定代词或疑问词后，表示“其他的”，用else。答案：else10解析：替代前文说的地震这回事。答案：that/it专题专题2说明文型语法填空说明文型语法填空说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：说明的一种文体。其语言特点有：1多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理多用现在时态。因为说明文通常是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释。的一种介绍与解释。2采用客观描述。说明文一般是对客观存在的说明与介绍，因此，语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉。分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时，首先确定句子的主谓宾成分，看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词，然后再考虑非谓语动词或者其他成分。此时，要借助上下文的暗示或明示，确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能等。The air we breathe is freely available, without which we could not survive more than a few minutes.For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone _1_ (need) it.Some people use the air to sustain them while _2_ (seat) around and feel sorry for themselves._3_ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make _4_ magnificent life.Opportunity is _5_ the same way; it is everywhere.It is _6_ freely available that we take it for granted.Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success, it must _7_ (seize) and acted upon in order to have value.So many people are so anxious to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work thats _8_ (possible)Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed.It takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity, _9_.You must make use of it.Thats not up to the opportunity, thats up to you.It doesnt matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but _10_ matters is what you do with it.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案与解析活着，我们需要呼吸空气。同样，生存，我们需要抓住机会。1needs考查主谓一致，由全文时态可知用一般现在时， everyone后用第三人称单数。2seated过去分词作伴随状语， 相当于“while they are seated”。3Others句型：some.others.4a表示“一种奇妙的生活”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a。5inin the way是固定搭配。6so句型：so.that.7be seized依据上下文的理解， 可知句意表示“有机遇必须抓住， 你才能成功”。8impossible依据上下文和构词法， 此处应为“不可能的”， 故用“impossible”。9however/though插入语， 意为“然而”。10what引导主语从句且在句中作主语，故用what。(一)Two seeds lay side by side in the fertile spring soil.The first seed said, “I want to grow! I want to send my roots deep into the soil _1_ me, and thrust my sprouts (芽) _2_ the earths crust above me.I want to open my tender buds (蓓蕾) like banners to announce the _3_ (arrive) of spring.I want to feel the warmth of the sun on my face and the blessing of the morning dew (露水) on my petals (花瓣)！”And so she grew.The second seed said, “I am afraid.If I send my roots into the ground below, I dont know what I _4_ (come) across in the dark.If I push my way through the hard soil above me, I may damage my delicate sprouts. What if I let my buds open and a snail (蜗牛) tries _5_ (eat) them? And _6_ I were to open my blossoms, _7_ small child may pull me from the ground.No, it is much _8_ (good) for me to wait _9_ it is safe.”And so she waited. A yard hen scratching around in the early spring ground for food found the waiting seed and immediately ate _10_.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意两颗种子的故事，告诉我们惧怕冒险和成长，最终要被生活吞没。1解析：介词，意为“在之下”与下文的above相对。答案：beneath2解析：介词，意为“穿过”。答案：through3解析：在冠词后用名词。答案：arrival4解析：对未来的预测，句意为：我不知道在黑暗之中将会遇到什么。答案：will come5解析：因try表示“试图做某事”，后接不定式。答案：to eat6解析：if引导虚拟条件句。答案：if7解析：表示泛指的“某一个”小孩，故用不定冠词a。答案：a8解析：隐性比较级，即“等”比“长”好得多。句中much也提示我们要用比较级，因为much常用来修饰比较级，表示“得多”。答案：better9解析：意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。答案：until10解析：it指代前文中的the waiting seed。答案：it (二)What would you do if you failed? Many people may choose to give up._1_， the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick _2_ your goal.On your way to success, you _3_ keep your direction.It is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and _4_ (help) you overcome obstacles on your way._5_， you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.Direction means objectives.You can get nowhere _6_ an objective in life.You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve _7_.Only in this way _8_ you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time _9_ (proper)And you should also have a belief _10_ you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。1解析：与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点， 用副词however。答案：However2解析：stick to意为“坚持”。答案：to3解析：由语境不难揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。答案：must4解析：与guiding并列，一起补充说明a lamp，故用现在分词。答案：helping5解析：由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。答案：Otherwise6解析：句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。答案：without7解析：it指代your objective。答案：it8解析：句意：只有这样，你才会知道答案：will/can9解析：修饰动词spend作状语用副词。答案：properly10解析：引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。答案：that(三)It happened that a dog had got a piece of meat and was carrying _1_ home in his mouth.Now, _2_ his way home he had to cross a plank lying _3_ a running brook._4_ he crossed, he looked _5_ and saw his own shadow _6_ (reflect) in the water beneath.Thinking it was _7_ dog with another piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also.So he made a snap at _8_ shadow in the water, _9_ as he opened his mouth the piece of meat fell out, _10_ (drop) into the water and was never seen more.Beware lest you lose the substance by grasping at the shadow.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意这则狗和影子的故事，告诫我们：切莫因追逐幻影而丢失已有的东西。1解析：指代a piece of meat，故用it。答案：it2解析：表示“在某人回家的路上”用on ones way home。答案：on3解析：表示“横过”河流或道路等细长的东西或操场等一个平面的东西，用介词across。答案：across4解析：表示“当时候”。答案：As/When5解析：因“向下看”才能看到水中的影子，故用down。答案：down6解析：因shadow与reflect是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。答案：reflected7解析：指它以为是“另一条狗”。答案：another8解析：特指水中的“那个”影子，故用定冠词the。答案：the9解析：前后是转折关系。答案：but10解析：与opened, was seen是并列关系，三个先后发生的动作应当用同一时态，故drop也用一般过去时，故填dropped。答案：dropped专题专题3议论文型语法填空议论文型语法填空议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观地解释事物，而且还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。物，而且还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文有自己的语言特点，了解了文章整体意思后，要议论文有自己的语言特点，了解了文章整体意思后，要通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图和立场通过字里行间的意思推断作者的观点、意图和立场(同同意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么意什么，反对什么，喜好什么，憎恶什么，主张什么等等)，这种理解直接决定你的填词。要仔细复读全文，这种理解直接决定你的填词。要仔细复读全文，关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意连贯、逻关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意连贯、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性。辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性。(2011湖南卷改编)Does going to college really pay off? Certainly！I remember taking _1_ English class in college on the short story.Our first assignment was to read _2_ short stories and then discuss which one was better.After _3_ (read) both，I wasnt sure.Over the _4_ several months, my professor taught me _5_ one story was so much better than the other._6_ was rich in metaphor (隐喻) and character development, _7_ the other was humorous _8_ too shallow.I couldnt see this at first.Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and _9_ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _10_ greater success in ones life.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案与解析本文作者通过与读者分享自己大学时期老师如何教会自己欣赏文章，告诉大家上大学有用，很值。1an考查冠词。class此处为可数名词单数形式，其前须用冠词。再根据此处表泛指，而English是以元音音素开头，故填an。2two考查数词。根据本句中“which one was better”以及下文“After.both”中both的提示可推断此处表示“两个短篇故事”，故填two。3reading考查动名词。after 是介词，括号中所给词是动词，故只能填动名词reading。4next考查形容词。根据该空修饰名词months，应填形容词，再由语境可知，此处表示“在接下来的几个月”，故填next。5why考查名词性从句引导词。根据上文“discuss which one was better”可推断，教授是给我们讲解为什么其中一个故事要比另一个故事好，故填why。6One考查不定代词。由语境可知，故事有两个，再根据习惯搭配“one.the other.”可推断填One。7while考查并列连词，while表示前后对比的意思。8but考查连词。根据“humorous”和“too shallow”在逻辑上的转折关系可推断，此处填连词but连接两个形容词。9I考查人称代词。根据该空在句中作主语可判断应填名词或代词。结合语境可知该空应指作者本人，故填I。10to考查介词。lead to为固定搭配，意为“导致”。(一)The following words were written on the tomb of an Anglican Bishop (主教) in the Crypts of Westminster Abbey (西敏寺)：When I was young and free and my _1_ (imagine) had no limits, I dreamed of changing the world. _2_ I grew older and wiser, I discovered the world would not change, so I _3_ (short) my sights somewhat and decided to change only my country. But _4_， too, seemed immovable.As I grew _5_ my twilight years (晚年), in one last desperate attempt, I settled for changing only my family，those _6_ (close) to me, _7_ alas, they would have _8_ of it.And now as I lie on my deathbed, I suddenly realize: If I had only changed myself first, then by example I _9_ (change) my family.From their inspiration and encouragement, I would then have been able _10_ (better) my country and, who knows, I may have even changed the world.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意改变世界从改变自己开始，因为在我们改变自己的同时也潜移默化地影响着家庭。在他们的鼓舞和激励下，我们可能会使我们的国家变得更美好，从某种角度来看，也正改变着世界。1解析：在形容词性物主代词后要用名词形式。答案：imagination2解析：表示“随着”，要用as引导时间状语从句。答案：As3解析：作谓语要用动词，由上下文可知，要用一般过去时。答案：shortened4解析：替代前文中的to change only my country。答案：it5解析：表示“长成”用grow into。答案：into6解析：“家人”是“最亲近的人”。答案：closest7解析：前后是转折关系。答案：but8解析：have none of (refuse to accept)意为“不接受，不理睬”。答案：none9解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。答案：would have changed10解析：固定搭配：be able to do。答案：to better(二)Lao Tzu was traveling with his followers.They came to a forest _1_ hundreds of woodcutters were cutting the trees._2_ whole forest had been cut except for one big tree _3_ thousands of branches.It was so big _4_ 10,000 persons could sit in its shade.Lao Tzu told his followers _5_ (go) and ask why this tree had not been cut.They went and asked the woodcutters and they said, “This tree is absolutely _6_ (use)You cannot make anything out of it because every branch has so many knots in itnothing is straight.You cannot use it as fuel because the smoke is dangerous _7_ the eyes.This tree is absolutely useless, and thats _8_ we havent cut it.” The followers came back and told Lao Tzu.He laughed and said, “Be like this tree.If you are useful you will be cut and you will become furniture in somebodys house.If you are beautiful you _9_ (sell) in the market.Be like this tree, and you will grow big and vast and thousands of people will find shade under _10_.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._文章大意老子与门徒来到森林边，林木被伐尽，只有一棵树因“无用”而幸存下来，长成参天大树。1解析：引导定语从句，where在句中作地点状语。答案：where2解析：特指整个森林，用定冠词。答案：The3解析：介词短语作后置定语，with意为“带有，具有”。答案：with4解析：引导结果状语从句，so.that.意为“如此以致”。答案：that5解析：tell sb.to do sth.意为“叫某人做某事”。答案：to go6解析：根据下文可知，此树无用才没被砍伐，所以填形容词useless。答案：useless7解析：be dangerous to意为“对有危险”。答案：to8解析：引导表语从句，意为“的原因”。答案：why9will be sold10you专题专题4对话型语法填空对话型语法填空1选材特点通看试题可知，所选材料为一段情景丰富的对话，材料体现时代气息，符合中学生特点，信息量大，语言符合真实交际，学生易于理解把握。材料创设了一个较为明确的语境，具有口语特征(这从多处出现的 Oh，Yeah，anyway 等词以及 they were gone，Are you sure，right next to me，I couldnt believe my eyes，Youre joking 等鲜活的字眼可以明显地感受到)，语言地道、流畅，听起来自然、真实。2考查角度对话填空作为一段对话材料，主要考查学生以下能力：情景识别，得体交际对话作为口语体材，往往是围绕一个话题展开，如何识别特定情景，区分中国和英美文化差异，充分考虑口语因素，进而得体交际显得尤为重要。如典例解析中第2空的Really就很具口语特征，它既是对对方所说内容的将信将疑，又有激起对方说话热情的作用。词汇记忆，语法运用考生要熟悉大纲词汇，不要错误认为对话填空一定要考长词、难词，从今年的试题可以看出，高考并非想难为考生，考得更多的还是一些熟词，所以我们平时训练还是要注重准确拼写单词，熟练掌握语言语法基础知识，能在相应情况下准确填出词的适当形式。 阅读理解，语篇把握对有些空格，光有识别情景、单词拼写、语法基础还不行，这类设置侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维和对具体语境的把握，尤其是对整体语义的理解能力。针对对话填空的选材特点和考查角度，我们应该采取相应的解题策略。(1)通读对话全文，掌握对话大意。在做题时，首先跳过空格，快速把全篇对话通读一遍，获取有关对话的内容、语境，及所使用的时态等信息，为下面的解题打下基础。通读时，不提倡做题，因为这样可能使考生只注意到一个句子，而忽略了它与文章的联系，导致一叶障目，无法正确解题。本节对话主要通过Annie 的表述，介绍了她的太阳镜被海浪冲走，第二天又失而复得的惊奇事件，文章整体使用过去时。(2)灵活运用语法，形式填写正确。对话填空中的有些题目，并不是只要借助上下文的语境就能得出正确答案的，还要考生使用所学的语法知识才能解决问题。因此，考生需要掌握有关语法相关知识，看所设空格要填的词在句子里作什么成分，哪类词合适；看应采取词的什么形式(如用动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气、非谓语形式、主谓应如何搭配等等)。熟练掌握基础语法知识并运用其知识进行分析解答是一种非常有效的解题方法。应该指出，动词各种形式的考查在试题中所占分量还是比较大的，例如：原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词等形式。 (3)注意前后照应，完善语篇填空。对话填空题的题目要求是：阅读下面对话写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式，使对话通顺。如果把对话比作环环相扣的“链条”，那么由于空格的存在，链条就几乎环环脱节了。要想把它们再连接起来，就得把握整个对话的语篇，通过判断说话人的态度和语气，从头脑中由若干备选词汇中，选择最适合对话情景和语境的词汇使得全篇对话主题完整，语意清楚。设空的答案有的由已读过的上文决定，有的由未读过的下文决定，还有的要综合上下文而定，所以设空分为三类：1)前制性设空；如1空，6空此两空为前制性设空；2)后制性设空；如4空，5空此两空为后制性设空；3)语篇性设空。下文对话的3、4、7、8、9、10等空要结合语篇，把握语境加以解决，属于语篇性设空。总之，在做对话填空题时，考生应在通读全篇对话的基础上，把握各部分之间的逻辑关系，充分理解谈话的内容及谈话双方的意图，灵活运用所学的语法知识，将对话补充完整，使补全后的对话意思通顺，前后连贯，合乎语法规则，最终提高该题型的得分率，使之成为英语分数的增长点。本题根据江苏高考题改编。请认真阅读下面对话，并根据上下文内容的提示，在答题卡右栏中标有题号的横线上，写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式，使对话通顺。NNicolaAAnnieN: Hi，Annie. Did you have a good holiday? A: Oh，yeah，I had a great _1_. But Ive to tell youthe most amazing thing happened. N: _2_(real)? What was that?A: Well，I was swimming in the sea and a huge wave came along and _3_ (knock) my sunglasses into the water. I.N: Why were you swimming in your sunglasses?A: Oh，I dont know. Id just _4_ them on top of my head. Id forgotten they were there. Anyway，they were _5_. I was very upset. You know they were quite expensive.N: I remember_6_ 100 pounds.A: Yeah. Anyway，the next day I was lying on the beach，sunbathing. Then suddenly another huge wave.N: Are you _7_ this was a good holiday?A: Yeahbut listen! When I looked down，there on the sand，_8_ next to me，were my sunglasses，I couldnt _9_(believe)my eyes!N: Youre _10_(joke)! That is amazing!1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案与解析1time本题考查短语搭配。Have a great/good time 玩得开心。2Really本题考查口语和词性转换。根据语境应填Really。3knocked本题考查时态，结合上下文可知此处应使用一般过去时。4left本题考查语篇理解。结合上下文可知此处应使用left。5gone/missing本题考查语篇理解。结合上下文可知，Annie的眼镜没了。6nearly本题考查语篇理解。结合上下文可知， Annie的眼镜大约100英镑。所以填nearly。7sure本题考查短语搭配。be sure that.，表示对有把握。8right本题考查语篇理解。结合上下文可知，“眼镜恰好在我旁边。”right, 恰好。9believe本题考查动词词形变化。根据前面couldnt ，所以此处填原形。10joking本题考查口语和语篇理解。“You are joking！”，“你是在开玩笑吧！”(一)A: Ive got two _1_ for the rock concert tomorrow evening. Would you like to go with me?B: Sorry, I dont like rock music very much.A: What _2_ of music do you like?B: Pop music, _3_ (especial) country music.A: Why do you like _4_ to country music?B: Well, the country singers often play the guitar while _5_ (sing). And I like to play the guitar.A: Whats country music about?B: Its about _6_ things for everyone. A: How _7_ rock music?B: It _8_ (express) true feelings about society, friendship and even war.A: Whats the greatest _9_ (different) between pop music and rock music?B: Most pop singers make music their _10_ while rock singers make music their life.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._1解析：此空考查名词的用法。由下文意思可知是得到两张摇滚音乐会的票。故用复数形式tickets。答案：tickets2解析：此空根据后文的回答可知是询问音乐的类型，故用kind。答案：kind3解析：由此句含义可知用especially：尤其，特别(是)。所给单词especial表示特别的，特殊的。答案：especially4解析：由上下文意思可知。你为什么喜欢听乡村音乐？答案：listening5解析：由句子结构可知，此空用现在分词形式。.while (they are) singing。答案：singing6解析：此空根据音乐知识可知，乡村音乐是写有关每个人的普通事情的。答案：common7解析：根据上下文可知。答案：about8解析：根据主谓一致原则和全文时态可知，用动词express的第三人称单数。答案：expresses9解析：由空前的形容词最高级the greatest可知，此处用名词。答案：difference10解析：流行音乐歌手把音乐看做他们的事业。答案：career(二)A: Can you tell me something about the Earth Summit?B: Yes. Its a meeting held by the UN to discuss _1_ (environment)issues.A: When and where was the _2_ Earth Summit held?B: In Rio de Janeiro in 2012.A: What was the main _3_ of the summit?B: Sustainable _4_(develop)A: What did _5_ from all over the world discuss in Rio de Janeiro. B: They discussed the three biggest _6_ (kill) in the world: contaminated drinking water, poor sanitation and air _7_.A: What else did many speakers speak about at the meeting?B: They also spoke about poverty, war and violence.A: Why are _8_ like the Earth Summit important?B: Because they help us understand that there exist serious _9_ facing the earth and that only by _10_ (change) the way we live can we save the earth.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._1解析：本题考查词性变化。根据空后issue, 问题是名词，所以使用形容词。答案：environmental2解析：本题考查语篇理解。根据下文2012年所以是最近的，latest。答案：latest3解析：本题考查语篇理解。句意；这次峰会的主题是什么？答案：theme4解析：本题考查语篇理解和词性变化。主题是可持续性发展，应该使用名词。答案：development5解析：本题考查语篇理解。根据下文可知是来自世界各地的专家。答案：experts6解析：本题考查语篇理解和词性变化。危害世界的三大杀手。答案：killers7解析：本题考查语篇理解。根据上下文可知是大气污染。答案：pollution8解析：本题考查语篇理解。根据下文the Earth Summit 和上文are, 可知填conferences。答案：conferences9解析：本题考查语篇理解和考生的综合能力。serious problems, 严重的问题。答案：problems10解析：本题考查词性变化。根据上文介词by 可知填动名词形式changing。答案：changing(三)A:
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