资源描述
Unit 4 Helping people around the world帮助全世界的人们. 单词盘点单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1. _(n. )大使大使2. _(adj. )令人敬重的;值得的,相称的;有价值的令人敬重的;值得的,相称的;有价值的3. _(vt. )购得;获得,得到购得;获得,得到4. _( vi. & vt. )扩展,发展扩展,发展(业务业务);扩大,增强;扩大,增强ambassadorworthyacquireexpand5. _(adj. )重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间(或花钱、或花钱、努力等努力等)6. _(adj. )可供替代的可供替代的(n. )可供选择的事物可供选择的事物7. _(n. )手段,方法手段,方法8. _(n. )同事同事9. _(adj. )空着的,未被占用的;空着的,未被占用的;(职位职位)空缺的空缺的10. _(n. )障碍,隔阂;屏障,障碍物障碍,隔阂;屏障,障碍物worthwhilealternativemeanscolleaguevacantbarrier11. _(n. & vt. )缺乏缺乏_ (adj. )缺乏的;短缺的缺乏的;短缺的12. _(n. )描写描写(文字文字),形容,说明,形容,说明_ (vt. )描述,形容;描绘描述,形容;描绘13. _(adj. )平等的;同等的平等的;同等的 (n. )同等的人;相等物同等的人;相等物(vt. )与与相同或相等相同或相等_ (adv. )相等地相等地14. _(adj. )志愿的;自愿的,主动的志愿的;自愿的,主动的_ (n. )志愿者志愿者(v. )自愿做自愿做lacklackingdescriptiondescribeequalequallyvoluntaryvolunteer15. _(vt. & vi. )捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成,导捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成,导致致 _(n. )贡献;捐献;投稿贡献;捐献;投稿_ (n. )贡献者;捐献者;投稿人贡献者;捐献者;投稿人16. _(adj. )紧急的,紧迫的紧急的,紧迫的 _(n. )紧急;紧急紧急;紧急的事的事17. _(n. )饥饿;挨饿;饿死饥饿;挨饿;饿死 _(vt. & vi. ) (使使)饿死,饿死,(使使)挨饿挨饿18. _(n. )个人财产;拥有,具有个人财产;拥有,具有_ (vt. )占占有;拥有;具有有;拥有;具有 _(adj. )拥有的,具有的拥有的,具有的contributecontributioncontributorurgenturgencystarvationstarvepossessionpossesspossessed19. _(adj. )麻烦的,讨厌的,棘手的麻烦的,讨厌的,棘手的_ (n. )麻烦,烦恼麻烦,烦恼(v. ) (使使)烦恼,烦恼,(使使)麻烦麻烦20. _(n. )承诺,保证;投入,奉献;不得不做的承诺,保证;投入,奉献;不得不做的事事_(v. )犯罪,做错事;把犯罪,做错事;把托付给;使托付给;使承担承担义务义务21. _(vt. )提醒,使想起提醒,使想起_ (n. )暗示;提醒人暗示;提醒人的事物的事物troublesometroublecommitmentremindremindercommit 【品词自测【品词自测】He is a _ for the Asian Games, always _ to do some _ jobs. (voluntary) You _ me of my deadline to hand in my paper. Thanks for your _. (remind)He did not _ wealth; he was in the _ of his wealth, though. (possess)volunteervolunteeringvoluntaryremindedreminderpossesspossession. 短语回放短语回放1. 谈及,提到;与谈及,提到;与相关,涉及;查阅,参考相关,涉及;查阅,参考_2. 除除以外以外(还还),此外,此外_3. 使使(某人某人)察觉到察觉到_4. 在在的保护下,在的保护下,在的管理下的管理下_refer toin additiondraw someones attention tounder the umbrella of5. 除了除了之外之外(还还)_6. 但愿但愿_7. 出故障;抛锚出故障;抛锚_8. 处于混乱状态处于混乱状态_9. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事_10. 得到;抓住得到;抓住_apart fromif onlybreak downin chaosstop sb. from doing sth.get hold of11. 通向通向的入口,通道;有权使用的入口,通道;有权使用_12. 让某人想起让某人想起,提醒某人,提醒某人_13. 回想回想_14. 有作用有作用(关系、影响关系、影响) _access toremind somebody ofthink back tomake a difference. 句式扫描句式扫描1. I am pleased to _(有机会有机会) today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to. 2. My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary, and _(正如我前面所说的正如我前面所说的), I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people. have this chanceas Isaid before3. _(要是要是,但愿,但愿就好了就好了) I were a Goodwill Ambassador! 4. Arrived here _(结果却发现结果却发现) everything was in chaos. 5. We also gave children shots to _ (使他们不会死于疾病使他们不会死于疾病). 6. The situation is very different here, _ (存存在的问题也不同在的问题也不同). If onlyto findstop them dying from diseasesas are the problems7. Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, _(使得使得很困难很困难) travel from place to place. 8. It _(使我想起了在苏丹的那使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间段时间), where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food. making it difficult toreminded me of my time in Sudan【仿句自测【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子根据下面句式仿写句子If only引导的虚拟语气引导的虚拟语气仿写:要是你早点告诉我真相就好了!仿写:要是你早点告诉我真相就好了!If only you had told me the truth earlier! stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事仿写:医生都尽了全力了,依然救不了他。仿写:医生都尽了全力了,依然救不了他。 Hard as the doctors tried, nothing can stop him from dying. 现在分词作结果状语现在分词作结果状语仿写:他们的车遇上交通阻塞,因而耽误了。仿写:他们的车遇上交通阻塞,因而耽误了。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 核核心心要要点点lack三年三年2考考means三年三年5考考remind三年三年3考考refer to三年三年3考考1. lack n. & vt. 缺乏缺乏(1)v. (2)n. (3)lacking adj. 短缺的;缺乏的短缺的;缺乏的be lacking in在在(抽象事物方面抽象事物方面)缺乏缺乏lack +n. lack for+n. (多用于否定句中多用于否定句中)需求;需要需求;需要for/through lack of+n. 因缺乏因缺乏a lack of +n. 缺乏缺乏no lack of不缺乏不缺乏The children lack for nothing although their parents are poorly dressed. 这些小孩什么都不缺,虽然他们的父母穿得不好。这些小孩什么都不缺,虽然他们的父母穿得不好。None of his plans ever comes through because he is lacking in determination. 他的计划没有一个成功,因为他没有决心。他的计划没有一个成功,因为他没有决心。They met with many difficulties, for they lacked equipment, experience and technical data. (句型转换句型转换)=They met with many difficulties, _ _ _ equipment, experience and technical data. 因为缺少设备、经验和技术资料,他们遇到不少困难。因为缺少设备、经验和技术资料,他们遇到不少困难。【点津【点津】 lack是表示状态的及物动词,不用于被动结构,也不是表示状态的及物动词,不用于被动结构,也不用于进行时的句子中。用于进行时的句子中。for lack of【真题链接【真题链接】More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space. A. in search of B. in place ofC. for lack of D. for fear of【解析【解析】选选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意:因缺乏空间,在大。考查介词短语辨析。句意:因缺乏空间,在大城市里越来越多的高层建筑被修建起来。城市里越来越多的高层建筑被修建起来。for lack of“因缺乏因缺乏”,与语境相符。与语境相符。in search of“寻找寻找”;in place of“取代取代”;for fear of“惟恐惟恐”,均与语境不符。,均与语境不符。2. equal adj. 平等的;同等的,相同的;胜任的平等的;同等的,相同的;胜任的 n. 同等的人;相等物同等的人;相等物 vt. 与与相同或相等相同或相等(1)be equal to sth. / doing sth. (in. . . )(在在方面方面) )与与相等;相等;能胜任,能应付能胜任,能应付equal sb. /sth. in (doing) sth. 在在(做做)某事上比得过,敌得过某人某事上比得过,敌得过某人/物物(be)without equal无与伦比无与伦比(2)equally adv. 相等地,相同地相等地,相同地equality n. 平等,同等;均等平等,同等;均等Men and women have equal rights in China. 在中国男女享有平等的权利。在中国男女享有平等的权利。After a months training, he became equal to the work as a tractor driver. 经过一个月的训练后,他能胜任拖拉机驾驶员的经过一个月的训练后,他能胜任拖拉机驾驶员的工作了。工作了。她的智力比得上他,但是体力就不如他了。她的智力比得上他,但是体力就不如他了。(判断正误判断正误)She equals him in mental power but not in physical strength. ( )She equals to him in mental power but not in physical strength. ( )【真题链接【真题链接】The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally【解析【解析】选选D。考查副词。考查副词。partly“部分地部分地”;merely“仅仅仅仅”;nearly“几乎几乎”;equally“平等地,同样地平等地,同样地”。句意:因为春秋。句意:因为春秋两个季节的天气都非常怡人,所以这个小岛在这两个季节都很两个季节的天气都非常怡人,所以这个小岛在这两个季节都很吸引人。根据句意以及四个选项的意思可知选吸引人。根据句意以及四个选项的意思可知选D。【助记【助记】3. contribute vt. & vi. 捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成,导致;捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成,导致;投稿投稿He contributed two stories to the summer issue and to his excitement, they all came out later. 他投了两篇故事给夏季版,让他高兴的是,后来这两篇文章都他投了两篇故事给夏季版,让他高兴的是,后来这两篇文章都发表了。发表了。Many millionaires and billionaires are keen on contributing to charities. 很多百万富翁和亿万富翁都热衷于捐助慈善团体。很多百万富翁和亿万富翁都热衷于捐助慈善团体。Exercise contributes to better health. 锻炼能促进更强健的体魄。锻炼能促进更强健的体魄。【归纳【归纳】 _ 向向捐款;投稿捐款;投稿_有助于有助于【拓展【拓展】 contribution n. 贡献;捐赠,捐助;投稿贡献;捐赠,捐助;投稿make a contribution/ contributions to为为作贡献;向作贡献;向投稿;投稿;捐款给捐款给contribute (sth. )to. . .contribute to【助记【助记】 Many people contributed money to Project Hope, which contributed to many children returning to school. A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper. 许多人给希望工程捐钱,使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此许多人给希望工程捐钱,使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。4. worthwhile adj. 重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间(或花钱、或花钱、努力等努力等)The teacher recommended some really worthwhile novels to his students. 那个老师推荐给他的学生们一些真正有价值的小说。那个老师推荐给他的学生们一些真正有价值的小说。It is worthwhile improving/ to improve working conditions for the workers. 努力提高工人的工作条件是值得的。努力提高工人的工作条件是值得的。【辨析【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空理解下列区别并选词填空worth只作表语;常用只作表语;常用well表示表示“非常非常”,而一般不用,而一般不用very;be worth +n. / pron. / v. -ingworthy表语或定语;常用表语或定语;常用very修饰;修饰;be worthy of +n. / being done; be worthy to be done worth-while表语或定语;常用表语或定语;常用very修饰;修饰;Its worthwhile doing/ to do sth.那个地方值得一去。那个地方值得一去。(一句多译一句多译)The place is _ a visit. =The place is _ _ a visit. =The place is worth visiting. The place is _ _ being visited. =The place is _ to be visited. It is _ visiting the place. =It is _ to visit the place. worthworthy ofworthy ofworthyworthwhileworthwhile【助记【助记】This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isnt worthwhile. 这篇文章很值得一读,但不值得翻译,因此我觉得你的所有努这篇文章很值得一读,但不值得翻译,因此我觉得你的所有努力都是不值得的。力都是不值得的。【真题链接【真题链接】2012湖北模拟湖北模拟Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes _. A. favourable B. preciousC. essential D. worthwhile【解析【解析】选选D。句意:错误不会无缘无故地发生,而是有原因。句意:错误不会无缘无故地发生,而是有原因的;找到错误原因,从而使犯错误变得有价值。根据句意,选的;找到错误原因,从而使犯错误变得有价值。根据句意,选择择D项。项。favourable赞许的,称赞的,赞许的,称赞的,(条件条件)优惠的;优惠的;precious 珍贵的;珍贵的;essential必不可少的,均不合题意。必不可少的,均不合题意。5. alternative adj. 可供替代的;两者择一的,可供替代的;两者择一的,(两者中两者中)非此即非此即 彼的彼的 n. 可供选择的事物;取舍,抉择可供选择的事物;取舍,抉择have no alternative but to do sth. 没有其他选择只能做某事没有其他选择只能做某事alternative to的替换物的替换物He had to work harder or to be sent away from school, and he chose the first alternative. 他要么必须更加用功,要么就得退学,结果他选择了前者。他要么必须更加用功,要么就得退学,结果他选择了前者。Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. 一些地区正购买使用天然气或者其他可替代燃料的公共汽车。一些地区正购买使用天然气或者其他可替代燃料的公共汽车。There are several _ _ your plan. 除了你的计划外,还有另外几种供选择的方案。除了你的计划外,还有另外几种供选择的方案。Im afraid if this noise goes on, I shall _ _ _ _ _call the police. 如果吵闹声继续下去,我恐怕就只好叫警察了。如果吵闹声继续下去,我恐怕就只好叫警察了。alternatives tohave no alternativebut to【真题链接【真题链接】As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. A. primary B. alternativeC. instant D. unique 【解析【解析】选选B。考查形容词辨析。句意:因为煤和石油都越来。考查形容词辨析。句意:因为煤和石油都越来越少,科学家们正在探索像太阳能、风能、水能等可替代能源越少,科学家们正在探索像太阳能、风能、水能等可替代能源和燃料的新的使用方法。和燃料的新的使用方法。alternative “可供选择的,可替代可供选择的,可替代的的”,符合句意。,符合句意。primary“首要的,初期的首要的,初期的”;instant“立即立即的,迅速的的,迅速的”;unique“独特的独特的”。6. possession n. U拥有,具有,占有,持有拥有,具有,占有,持有 pl.个人财产,私人物品个人财产,私人物品(1)sb. be in possession of sth. /sth. be in sb. s possession某人拥有某物某人拥有某物sth. be in the possession of sb. 某物为某人所拥有某物为某人所拥有come into possession得到,落入得到,落入have/ get possession of占有,拥有占有,拥有take possession of占领,夺取占领,夺取(2)possess v. (使使)占有,占有,(使使)拥有拥有be possessed of拥有,占有拥有,占有The people had to gather up their few possessions and flee to the hills. 人们不得不收拾起仅有的一点财物,逃到山里去。人们不得不收拾起仅有的一点财物,逃到山里去。You cant _ _ _ the house until all the papers have been signed. 在各项文件签完字以前,你不能拥有那房屋。在各项文件签完字以前,你不能拥有那房屋。take possession ofTheir opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match. (句型转换句型转换)=The ball was _ _ _ _ their opponents for most of the match. 他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球。他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球。【点津【点津】 in possession of 的主语是人,的主语是人,in the possession of的主的主语为物。语为物。in the possession of7. means n. C手段,方法手段,方法 n. pl. 财富;钱财财富;钱财(1)a means of. . . 的方法的方法means of production/ transport/ communication生产工具生产工具/运输工具运输工具/通信手段通信手段(2)by means of用,依靠;通过用,依靠;通过by all means无论如何;千方百计地;当然可以无论如何;千方百计地;当然可以(口语口语)by no means绝对不;无论如何都不绝对不;无论如何都不(用于句首,句用于句首,句子要倒装子要倒装)Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there. 去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。May I borrow your paper? 我可以借你的报纸吗我可以借你的报纸吗? _. 当然可以。当然可以。_ should he be left alone. 绝对不能把他单独留下。绝对不能把他单独留下。By all meansBy no means【点津【点津】(1)means是单复数同形是单复数同形(永远有词尾永远有词尾-s)的单词,若用其作主语,的单词,若用其作主语,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。(2)有时用作主语其单复数意思不明,则谓语可用单数也可用复有时用作主语其单复数意思不明,则谓语可用单数也可用复数。数。用所给单词的适当形式填空用所给单词的适当形式填空Most means _(have) been used to get him to change his mind, but one means _ (be) still to be tried. 为了转变他的想法,大多数办法都用过了,但是有一种办法还为了转变他的想法,大多数办法都用过了,但是有一种办法还没有试。没有试。The end is good, but the means _(be) bad. 结局很好,但采取的手段是不好的。结局很好,但采取的手段是不好的。haveisis/are【真题链接【真题链接】2012江苏模拟江苏模拟Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? _. Ours is much stronger than theirs. A. Of course B. It dependsC. Dont mention it D. By no means【解析【解析】选选D。考查交际用语。句意:。考查交际用语。句意:你觉得他们的乒乓你觉得他们的乒乓球队在即将到来的亚运会上将会得第一名吗?球队在即将到来的亚运会上将会得第一名吗?绝不可能。绝不可能。我们的乒乓球队比他们的队强多了。我们的乒乓球队比他们的队强多了。Of course(当然当然);It depends(看情况看情况);Dont mention it(不用谢不用谢);By no means(决决不,绝不可能,一点也不不,绝不可能,一点也不),相当于,相当于 not at all。根据句意选择。根据句意选择D项。项。8. commitment n. 承诺,保证;投入,奉献;不得不做的事承诺,保证;投入,奉献;不得不做的事I am very tired because I have taken on so many commitments. 我很累,因为我承担了很多的事情。我很累,因为我承担了很多的事情。Once you make a commitment, you will have to meet your commitment. 一旦你做出承诺,将不得不履行。一旦你做出承诺,将不得不履行。【归纳【归纳】 _做出承诺做出承诺_履行承诺履行承诺【拓展【拓展】 commit vt. 犯罪,做错事;把犯罪,做错事;把交托给;交托给;指派指派作战;使作战;使承担义务承担义务commit a crime犯罪犯罪commit oneself to专心致志于,献身于专心致志于,献身于commit sb. / sth. to把把托付给托付给;把;把提交给提交给make a commitmentmeet ones commitment【真题链接【真题链接】2012湖北模拟湖北模拟Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. A. project B. commitmentC. competition D. ambition【解析【解析】选选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:放弃工作重返校园。考查名词词义辨析。句意:放弃工作重返校园对我来说是个很难的选择,但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的对我来说是个很难的选择,但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。决定。project项目;项目;commitment承诺承诺, 许诺许诺, 保证,已承诺保证,已承诺(或或同意同意)的事,不得不做的事;的事,不得不做的事;competition竞争,比赛;竞争,比赛;ambition野心。根据句意选择野心。根据句意选择B项。项。9. remind vt. 提醒,使想起提醒,使想起remind sb. to do sth. / sb. that. . . 提醒某人提醒某人remind sb. +wh- to do提醒某人提醒某人remind sb. of (doing) sth. 提醒某人注意提醒某人注意(将来的将来的)某事;使某人想起某事;使某人想起(过去的过去的)某事某事These notes will remind you how to present your ideas. 这些这些笔记可以帮你记起怎样讲清楚你的想法。笔记可以帮你记起怎样讲清楚你的想法。Your son reminds me of you at his age. 你的儿子使我想起你在他这个年龄时的样子。你的儿子使我想起你在他这个年龄时的样子。He _ _ _ lock up the house when I go out. 他提醒他提醒我外出时锁好屋子的门窗。我外出时锁好屋子的门窗。【点津【点津】类似类似remind sb. of sth. 结构的短语还有:结构的短语还有:accuse sb. of sth. , rob sb. of sth. , inform sb. of sth. 等。等。reminded me to【真题链接【真题链接】Mary, I _ John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised【解析【解析】选选B。考查动词辨析。句意:玛丽,我提醒过约翰他。考查动词辨析。句意:玛丽,我提醒过约翰他要帮助你的承诺。要帮助你的承诺。remind sb. of sth. 表示表示“提醒某人想起某件提醒某人想起某件事情事情”。选项。选项A told表示表示“告诉告诉”;选项;选项C warned表示表示“警警告告”;选项;选项D advised表示表示“建议建议”。根据句意可知答案为。根据句意可知答案为B。10. refer to 谈及,提到;与谈及,提到;与相关,涉及;查阅,参考相关,涉及;查阅,参考阅读下列句子,体会阅读下列句子,体会refer to的含义的含义He never referred to his sisters in his letters. (涉及,谈到,涉及,谈到,提到提到)When I said some people were stupid I wasnt referring to you. (指的是指的是)If you dont know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. (查阅,参考查阅,参考)These regulations refer to every foreigner. (适用于适用于)He referred to us for information. (向某人询问或打听向某人询问或打听)【点津【点津】(1)refer表示表示“谈到,提及;涉及;查阅谈到,提及;涉及;查阅”时,是不及物动词,时,是不及物动词,与介词与介词to连用。连用。(2)look up也表示也表示“参考,查阅参考,查阅”,但其宾语多为,但其宾语多为word,information等,而等,而refer to的宾语多为的宾语多为book,dictionary,sb. 等。等。选词填空选词填空(refer to/look up)He _ the dictionary in order to _ the new word. 为了查这个生词的意思,他查阅了词典。为了查这个生词的意思,他查阅了词典。【拓展【拓展】 reference n. 谈到,提及;参考谈到,提及;参考in/ with reference to关于关于make a reference to谈到谈到referred tolook up11. in addition 除除以外还,此外以外还,此外We met some friends and other people _ _. 我们遇见几位朋友,还遇见其他一些人。我们遇见几位朋友,还遇见其他一些人。You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间,此外你还需要努力。你需要金钱和时间,此外你还需要努力。【拓展【拓展】 in addition to除除以外,除以外,除之外还之外还(to为介词为介词)in additionIn addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience. 该课程除了大致介绍电脑知识外,还提供实际操作的经验。该课程除了大致介绍电脑知识外,还提供实际操作的经验。【点津【点津】当主语后跟有当主语后跟有in addition to引出的介词短语时,谓语引出的介词短语时,谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。有类似用法的还有动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。有类似用法的还有with,together with,along with,as well as等。等。用用be动词的适当形式填空动词的适当形式填空The teacher, in addition to his students, _ interested in the book. 老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。The Greens with their daughter _ all fond of football. 格林夫妇和他们的女儿都爱好足球。格林夫妇和他们的女儿都爱好足球。wasare12. draw someones attention (to) 吸引某人的注意力吸引某人的注意力(到到),使某人注意使某人注意( () )A familiar sound drew his attention when he was walking on the street. 他在街上正走着,一个熟悉的声音引起了他的注意。他在街上正走着,一个熟悉的声音引起了他的注意。What his father said _ _ _ _ the business he ran. 他父亲的一番话使他把注意力放到自己经营的生意上来。他父亲的一番话使他把注意力放到自己经营的生意上来。drew his attention to【拓展【拓展】写出下列短语的汉语意思写出下列短语的汉语意思attract/ catch ones attention_bring sth. to ones attention_fix ones attention on _pay attention to _引起某人的注意引起某人的注意引起某人的注意引起某人的注意留意,专心于留意,专心于注意注意【真题链接【真题链接】2012江西模拟江西模拟Why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on? A. that B. it C. this D. him【解析【解析】选选B。考查代词。句意:为什么你不让他注意到你病。考查代词。句意:为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能继续工作了?得太严重了以至于不能继续工作了?it作形式宾语指代后面作形式宾语指代后面that引导的从句,引导的从句, 故选故选B。13. break down 出故障;抛锚;垮掉;拆分出故障;抛锚;垮掉;拆分阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的汉语意思阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的汉语意思The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. ( )The newly published booklet breaks down into three parts. ( )损坏,发生故障损坏,发生故障分成若干部分,拆分分成若干部分,拆分The old mans health broke down after a serious illness. ( )She broke down when she heard the news, but she quickly recovered. ( )痛哭痛哭(健康或精神健康或精神)垮掉,变得衰弱垮掉,变得衰弱【拓展【拓展】break away from 从从脱离,与脱离,与断绝关系断绝关系break in打断,插嘴;强行闯入打断,插嘴;强行闯入break into 强行进入;突然开始强行进入;突然开始(笑、欢呼等笑、欢呼等)break off(使使)折断;突然终止;中断折断;突然终止;中断break out(战争、火灾等战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发突然发生,爆发break up结束;粉碎;结束;粉碎;(关系关系)破裂破裂14. make a difference产生差别,有影响,起作用产生差别,有影响,起作用make no/ little/ much difference to对对没有没有/几乎没有几乎没有/有很大影响有很大影响make a difference between区别对待区别对待be of little/ no/ much difference(某物某物)几乎没有几乎没有/没有没有/有很大作用有很大作用tell the difference between A and B区分区分A和和B;说出;说出A和和B的不同的不同The sea air has made a difference to her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。She makes a difference between her son and her daughter. 她对儿子和女儿不是一视同仁。她对儿子和女儿不是一视同仁。It wont _ _ _ whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好,明天去也好,关系不大。你今天去也好,明天去也好,关系不大。make much difference15. My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary, and as I said before , I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people. 我在联合国的工作不是拿薪水而是自愿的,正如我前面所说的,我在联合国的工作不是拿薪水而是自愿的,正如我前面所说的,我访问一些国家,联合国在这些国家内有着帮助人们的计划。我访问一些国家,联合国在这些国家内有着帮助人们的计划。as I said before是非限制性定语从句,是非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作宾语,意为在从句中作宾语,意为“正如正如”。(1)as可作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句的可作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句的内容,所引导的定语从句可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间。内容,所引导的定语从句可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间。(2)as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用,表达说话者的观点、引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用,表达说话者的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,翻译成看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,翻译成“正如,正像正如,正像”。(3)as常用于一些固定结构中,如常用于一些固定结构中,如as we know/ as is known to all (众所周知众所周知),as we all can see (正如我们大家都能看到的那样正如我们大家都能看到的那样),as has been said before/ above (正如前文所述正如前文所述),as might be expected (正如预料的那样正如预料的那样),as is often the case (情况常常是这情况常常是这样样)等,一般不能用等,一般不能用which代替代替as。She was right, as Mary soon discovered. 玛丽很快发现,她是对的。玛丽很快发现,她是对的。_ _ _ _, the response to the question was very mixed. 正如所预料的那样,对这个问题的回答是五花八门。正如所预料的那样,对这个问题的回答是五花八门。The girl has forgotten to bring her dictionary,_ _ _ _ _. 正如往常一样,这个女孩忘了带来她的字典。正如往常一样,这个女孩忘了带来她的字典。As might be expectedas is oftenthe case【点津【点津】which也可以引导非限制性定语从句,但也可以引导非限制性定语从句,但which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句只能放在主句后,且从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,可以用只能放在主句后,且从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,可以用and this代替,翻译成代替,翻译成“这一点,这件事这一点,这件事”。例如:。例如:He sold his bike, which surprised me. (=He sold his bike, and this surprised me. )他把自行车卖了,这使我很惊讶。他把自行车卖了,这使我很惊讶。【想一想【想一想】as可不可以引导限制性定语从句?如果可以,常用结构是哪些?可不可以引导限制性定语从句?如果可以,常用结构是哪些?【拓展延伸【拓展延伸】as可以引导限制性定语从句可以引导限制性定语从句as作关系代词既可指人也可指物,引导限制性定语从句,常用作关系代词既可指人也可指物,引导限制性定语从句,常用于下列结构中:于下列结构中:such. . . as. . . ;so. . . as. . . ;the same. . . as. . . ;as. . . as. . . 。例如:。例如:I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。我从未听过他讲的这类故事。The place doesnt look the same as it was before liberation. 这个地方看上去和解放前大不一样了。这个地方看上去和解放前大不一样了。Have you bought the same book as I referred to yesterday? 你有没有买我昨天说的那本书啊?你有没有买我昨天说的那本书啊?You can take as many books as you need. 你需要多少书就拿多少。你需要多少书就拿多少。16 If onlyI were a Goodwill Ambassador! 要是我是一个亲善大使多好啊!要是我是一个亲善大使多好啊!if only意为意为“若是若是那该多好啊;真希望那该多好啊;真希望”。(1)表示目前较难实现的愿望时用表示目前较难实现的愿望时用if only sb. + did/ were. . . 。(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用if only sb. +had done sth. 。If only she could have lived a little longer!要是她能活得再长一些,那该多好啊!要是她能活得再长一些,那该多好啊!_ _ _ _ _ _, I could buy some new clothes. 如果我有更多的钱就好了,我可以买些新衣服了。如果我有更多的钱就好了,我可以买些新衣服了。If only I had more money“只有只有(才才) ;只有在;只有在的时候;惟一的条件是的时候;惟一的条件是”。only if 本身不是一个固定词组,本身不是一个固定词组,only是副词,用来修饰整个是副词,用来修饰整个if从句,是一个对从句,是一个对“条件条件”限制更严的限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句限制性条件状语从句”。若用于句首,后接从句,主句要部分倒装。若用于句首,后接从句,主句要部分倒装。if only“但愿但愿,要是,要是就好了就好了”,通常用来表示说话人对某事,通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望,相当于所寄予的某种强烈愿望,相当于as long as。它可以独立使。它可以独立使用,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不用,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气。可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气。only if【辨析【辨析】I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他,只有努力才能成功。我告诉他,只有努力才能成功。If only I were as clever as you!要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊!要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊!17. (1)Arrived here to find everything was in chaos. 来到这儿,来到这儿,发现一切都乱糟糟的。发现一切都乱糟糟的。(2)Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place. 这里到处是泥和水,而不是沙子吹得满天飞,结果使得从一个这里到处是泥和水,而不是沙子吹得满天飞,结果使得从一个地方到另一个地方旅游就很难了。地方到另一个地方旅游就很难了。(1)句中句中to find. . . 为不定式短语作结果状语。为不定式短语作结果状语。(2)句中句中making it difficult to travel from place to place是现在分是现在分词短语作结果状语。词短语作结果状语。(1)动词不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果,前面常有动词不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果,前面常有only。(2)现在分词作结果状语表示现在分词作结果状语表示“自然而然、必然的结果自然而然、必然的结果”。根据汉语意思用适当的非谓语动词形式完成句子根据汉语意思用适当的非谓语动词形式完成句子He lifted a stone _ have it dropped on his own feet. 他搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。他搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。I went to see him _ find him out. 我去看他,不料他出去了。我去看他,
展开阅读全文