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高中语法综合高中语法综合复习全解复习全解名词性从句名词性从句Noun ClausesNoun Clauses名词性从句名词性从句1. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 【解析解析】今天人们十分明白是什么控制着大气层今天人们十分明白是什么控制着大气层内外二氧化碳的流动的。内外二氧化碳的流动的。it在整个题干在整个题干中做形式主语中做形式主语, understood之后的部分之后的部分是真正主语是真正主语, 是主语从句是主语从句, 根据题意可以根据题意可以排除排除B、D两项；要使主语从句的意义两项；要使主语从句的意义和结构完整和结构完整, 正确答案应该是：正确答案应该是：C。2. Do you know _? A. what time will the plane take off B. what time would the plane take off C. what time the plane will take off D. the plane will take off at what time【解析解析】宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，故宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，故选选C。3. _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because【解析】【解析】what引导主语从句引导主语从句, 在从句中作主语；在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句引导表语从句, 在表语从句中起连在表语从句中起连接作用。接作用。4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as【解析解析】答案答案B。that引导从句作引导从句作information的的同位语，解释同位语，解释information的具体内容。的具体内容。5. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what【解析】【解析】答案答案A。同位语从句。同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作作a feeling的同位语，解释的同位语，解释a feeling的具体的具体内容。内容。that连接同位语从句时只起连接连接同位语从句时只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。作用，不作从句的任何成分。名词性从句学习目标：名词性从句学习目标：1. 掌握主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句掌握主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句 和同位语从句的用法；和同位语从句的用法；2. 辨别使用引导名词性从句的连接词；辨别使用引导名词性从句的连接词； 3. 区分同位语从句和定语从句。区分同位语从句和定语从句。 What the driver of the yellow car did made me extremely angry. Why she did this is still unknown.Subject ClausesObject Clauses Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. Please dont tell my mother when Ill give her my gift.The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. Thats why I cant follow you.The problem is that its very hard to catch your words. Predicative ClausesAppositive ClausesFunction as a NOUN in a sentence. Question:What is the function of a noun in a sentence? 名词在句中可以充当什么成分名词在句中可以充当什么成分?Noun ClausesNoun Clauses 主语从句主语从句Subject Clause 名词性从句名词性从句 Noun Clause 宾语从句宾语从句Object Clause 表语从句表语从句Predicative Clause 同位语从句同位语从句Appositive Clause引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词 可分为三类：可分为三类：1. 连词：连词：that, whether, if不充当从句的不充当从句的 任何成分。任何成分。2. 连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whom, whose, etc. 不仅起到连接一个句子的作不仅起到连接一个句子的作 用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。 3. 连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why, etc. 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的主在一个句子中由一个句子充当的主语，这个句子叫做语，这个句子叫做主语从句主语从句。How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 主语从句主语从句Subject ClauseWHETHERWHETHER与与IFIF均为均为“是否是否”下列情况下只用下列情况下只用whether： 1. 引导主语从句并在句首引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. 引导表语从句引导表语从句 The question is whether hell come. 3. 从句作介词宾语从句作介词宾语 Im not sure about whether well win.4. 从句后有从句后有or not Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.主谓一致问题主谓一致问题主语是名词性从句主语是名词性从句, 动词通常用单数。动词通常用单数。What I am most interested in is American movies.我最感兴趣的是美国电影。我最感兴趣的是美国电影。What you said yesterday is right.你昨天说的是对的。你昨天说的是对的。用用it作形式主语，作形式主语，that引导的从句是句引导的从句是句子的真正主语。子的真正主语。有以下四种不同的结构：有以下四种不同的结构：a. It + be + 形容词形容词 + that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要 It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显主语从句常用主语从句常用it it作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首b. It + be + -ed分词分词 + that-从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to all that 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c. It + be + 名词名词 + that-从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是d. It + 不及物动词不及物动词 + that-分句分句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表语，这个句子叫做语，这个句子叫做表语从句表语从句。The fact is that he has not been seenrecently.My suggestion is that we should turn the land into rice fields. 表语从句表语从句Predicative Clause2. 在在that引导的表语从句中，引导的表语从句中，that不能不能 用用which来替换。来替换。1. 表语从句可以用表语从句可以用that, why, where, when, how, whether, what, who, which等词引导。等词引导。表语从句需要注意的问题表语从句需要注意的问题3. 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 “建议建议”或者是或者是“命令命令”之类的词之类的词, 如如: advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等等, 那么从句中的动词通常那么从句中的动词通常 用用(should) + 动词原形动词原形。1) My suggestion is that we all _ (take) an active part in the coming sports meet. 2) His proposal was that the work _ (finish) in five hours.(should) be finished(should) take在一个句子中由一个句子充当的在一个句子中由一个句子充当的宾语，这个句子叫做宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句宾语从句。I worry about whether he can get over the illness. John said that he was leaving forLondon on Wednesday. 宾语从句宾语从句Object Clause宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 She did not know what had happened. 动词动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 宾语从句宾语从句 She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语OUR SUCCESS DEPENDS UPON HOW WELL WE CAN COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER.that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：作宾语：anxious, certain, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content等。等。 3. 作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.IT不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语则放在句尾，形式宾语，而真正的宾语则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 SHE HAS MADE IT CLEAR THAT SHE WILL GET MARRIED NEXT MONTH.4. it可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语下列动词后常引导宾语从句下列动词后常引导宾语从句make, think, consider, feel, find等。等。这类动词有这类动词有ALLOW, REFUSE, LET, LIKE, CAUSE, FORCE, DISLIKE, LOVE, HELP, TAKE, FORGIVE等。这等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用但不可以用THAT引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。I ADMIRE THEIR WINNING THE MATCH. I ADMIRE THAT THEY WON THE MATCH. 5. 后边不能直接跟后边不能直接跟that从句的动词从句的动词(right)(wrong)常见的有常见的有ENVY, ORDER, ACCUSE, REFUSE, IMPRESS, FORGIVE, BLAME, ADVISE等。等。HE IMPRESSED THE MANAGER AS AN HONEST MAN. HE IMPRESSED THE MANAGER THAT HE WAS AN HONEST MAN. (right) (wrong)6. 有些动词不可用于有些动词不可用于“动词动词 + 间接宾间接宾语语 + that从句从句”结构中。结构中。(1) 同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。种。它在句中起同位语的作用。 同位语从句同位语从句Appositive Clause它一般放在它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词的后面等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词有连词that, 连接副词连接副词how, when, where, whether等。等。The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.Word came that their team had won.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意注意:(2) 同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式: 由由that引导引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 由由whether引导引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go.(3) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常 常混淆常混淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区我们可以从以下几个方面区 别它们别它们: 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. Those who want to go please sign your names here. 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有 逻辑关系逻辑关系, 定语从句所限定的名词是从定语从句所限定的名词是从 句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语等。状语等。(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句定语从句, news是是told的逻辑宾语的逻辑宾语)The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系和从句没有逻辑关系)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句定语从句, day是是founded的逻辑状语的逻辑状语) 同位语从句主要由连接词同位语从句主要由连接词that引导引导, 有时也可用有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导等引导; 定语从句由关系代定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born? 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子句子, 谓语动词用谓语动词用be的不同形式的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. The news was that their team had won.此句可以变为一个表语从句此句可以变为一个表语从句:我们可以在名词和从句之间加我们可以在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。The belief that the earth is flat is still heldin some countries.The belief is that the earth is flat.同位语从句的简易判断方法：同位语从句的简易判断方法：连词连词“THAT”引导引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别引导从句引导从句that从句中的从句中的作用作用可否省略可否省略同位语同位语从句从句连接词连接词 不担任成不担任成分分不省略不省略定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词主、宾、主、宾、表表作宾、表作宾、表时可省略时可省略1. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3. This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what4. The problem is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when5. The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what6. The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what7. We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether8. _ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who9. The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if10. You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where11. Maria has to baby-sit. Thats _ she cant come out with us. A. why B. how C. when D. what12. I went to see you at about ten this morning, but you were not in the office. Oh, that was probably _ I was talking with the headmaster. A. when B. why C. what D. that13. All finished, we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner. A. that B. which C. what D. it14. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. as though C. as D. like15. The reason I have to go is _ if I dont. A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointed C. on account of her being disappointed D. that she will be disappointing16. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. what17. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why18. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where19. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why20. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which21. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why22. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. where D. that23. _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 24. My car broke down, and _ made matters worse was that it was raining hard. A. that B. it C. which D. what25. Has it been decided _ the meeting is to be held? Yes. In Qingdao. A. where B. when C. that D. how26. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. that B. what C. which D. when27. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. A. Whether B. What C. If D. Where28. _ light travels in straight lines is known to all. A. How B. That C. Which D. What29. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D. / 30. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：1. that和和what引导名词性从句的区别；引导名词性从句的区别；2. 名词性从句的语序和时态；名词性从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4. 宾语从句的否定转移；宾语从句的否定转移；5. whether和和if的用法区别；的用法区别；6. what在名词性从句中的使用；在名词性从句中的使用；7. who / whoever, what / whatever等的等的 用法区别；用法区别；8. 连接词连接词that的省略。的省略。Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文档。文档。点击此处链接点击此处链接1. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007上海上海) A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where2. _ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. (2007山东山东) A. This B. That C. What D. ItI. Multiple choice 3. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. (2007江苏江苏) A. what B. why C. how D. whether4. Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007山东山东) A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who 5. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. (2007天津天津) A. what B. which C. how D. where6. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津天津) A. this B. that C. it D. these7. _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. (2008上海春上海春) A. What B. Which C. Whether D. That8. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. (2008上海上海) A. what B. which C. whom D. that9. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. (2008上海春上海春) A. which B. whether C. what D. that 10. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008上海上海) A. if B. because C. when D. that 11. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008浙江浙江) A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who12. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? (2008陕西陕西) A. what B. which C. that D. where13. News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009四川四川) A. which B. what C. that D. where14. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009江西江西) A. what B. which C. that D. though 15. We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. (2009重庆重庆) A. that B. when C. which D. where 16. Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decision marriage almost entirely up to luck. (2009江苏江苏) A. as B. that C. which D. what17. It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over. (2009上海上海) A. since B. what C. when D. whether18. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. (2009北京北京) A. when B. how C. why D. if 19. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全国全国I) A. that B. which C. what D. where20. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (2010湖南湖南) A. where B. whether C. that D. why21. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. (2010江苏江苏) A. where B. how C. when D. what22. One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010上海上海) A. that B. how C. what D. why23. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江浙江) A. that B. what C. how D. whether24. _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (2010北京北京) A. Whether B. What C. That D. How25. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it. (2011山东山东) A. where B. what C. whether D. which26. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. (2011江西江西) A. this B. that C. what D. which27. Id like to start my own business thats _ Id do if I had the money. (2011陕西陕西) A. why B. when C. which D. what28. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (2011北京北京) A. what B. how C. that D. why29. _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (2011北京北京) A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom30. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. (2011江苏江苏) A. that B. how C. when D. why31. There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2011上海上海) A. what B. if C. how D. that32. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. (2011山东山东) A. that B. when C. where D. why33. When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. (2011辽宁辽宁) A. since B. which C. that D. because 34. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express. (2011安徽安徽) A. that B. how C. who D. what 35. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _ the problem itself is. (2011湖南湖南) A. what B. that C. which D. why1. They dont know _ we are going hiking.2. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day.3. I was really surprised at _ I saw.4. Do you know _ skirt it is? whenif/whetherwhatwhoseII. 在下列各空白处填上适当的连接词，在下列各空白处填上适当的连接词， 使句意通顺。使句意通顺。1. At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. Object ClauseIII. Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them.2. That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. Subject Clause3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything. 5. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity. Appositive ClauseSubject ClausePredicative Clause1. That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2. When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3. I didnt know that you will come.4. He said that he is writing a story.5. Could you tell me when will he arrive?6. You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.IV. 改错。改错。ishasntwouldwashe willEnglish has1. _ (他出生在何地他出生在何地) has not been found. 2. _ (谁会赢得比谁会赢得比 赛赛) is still unknown. 3. _ (谁来都谁来都) is welcome. 4. _ (那个那个 人为什么被谋杀人为什么被谋杀) is still unknown.5. _ _ (我们是否要建新高中我们是否要建新高中) hasnt been decided. V. 汉译英。汉译英。Where he was bornWho will win the matchWhoever comesWhy the person was murderedWhether we will build a new highschool6. _ (真遗憾真遗憾) the weather isnt good for our outing today.7. _ (他是否帮我们他是否帮我们) makes much difference.8. _ (我们需我们需 要更多的电脑要更多的电脑) is quite obvious.9. Who put the apples here _ _ (我们都不知道我们都不知道).10. _ (不管你借不管你借 哪一本书哪一本书) must be returned within a week.Whichever book you borrowIt is a pity (that)Whether he will help usThat we need more computersis not knownto us all11. Our teacher told us _ _ (北京是中国的首都北京是中国的首都) when I was a child.12. The reason he gave for failing the exam was _ (因为他没有努力学习因为他没有努力学习).13. They havent decided _ _ (下周是否举下周是否举 行运动会行运动会).capital of China(that) Beijing is thethat he didnt study hardwill hold the sports meetwhether / if they14. I asked them _ _ (他们在哪学习的绘画他们在哪学习的绘画).15. Could you tell me _ (选择哪个选择哪个) as a gift for your mother?16. The problem is _ _ (我们能否替换她我们能否替换她).17. Can you tell me _ _ (怎么去火车站怎么去火车站)?where they learned topaintwhat you will choosewhether we can replaceherhow I can get to therailway station18. I had no idea _ (你你在在 这里这里).19. The belief _ (条条大路通罗马条条大路通罗马) is shared by many people.20. The thought came to him _ _ (或许或许 敌人已经逃离了那个城市敌人已经逃离了那个城市).that you were herethat all roads lead to Romethat maybethe enemy had fled from the city21. Ive come from Mr. Wangs home with a message _ _ (他今天下午不能去机场为你送行了他今天下午不能去机场为你送行了).22. We havent yet settled the question _ _ (到哪儿去度暑假到哪儿去度暑假). the airport to see you off this afternoonthat he wont be able to go tosummer vacationwhere we are going to spend our 23. _ (他成功他成功 的事实的事实) proves his ability.24. I have no idea _ (他们何时回来他们何时回来).25. I refused his request _ _ (帮他把那些帮他把那些 钱藏起来钱藏起来).The fact that he is successfulwhen they will be backhelp him hide the moneythat I (should)
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