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第10讲非谓语动词用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.You have worked for two hours.Youd better stop _(have) a rest.to haveto speak2.Whenever you have a chance _ (speak) English,you should take it.laughingto solve3.When we heard the funny story, we couldnt help _(laugh).4.Students should learn how _ (solve) problems.Its the basic ability.5.Look! There is a pet dog_ (lie) on the ground.Letsgo and play with it.lyingdevelopedto throw6.America is a_ (develop) country, while Chinais a developing country.7.Its too hard for me to learn it.Can you show me how_ (throw) the ball?8.What about _ (practice) swimming this summervacation?practicingsolvingto eat9.Jackson has difficulty in _ (solve) the problem insuch a short time.10.She is very hungry.Can you give her something _(eat)?考情透析：在广东省中考英语试卷中，非谓语动词的考查内容主要是动词不定式做主语、宾语和状语，动词不定式的省略形式，疑问词不定式，现在分词做主语和宾语的用法等。考生在复习时需记忆一些常见的接动词不定式或现在分词的动词或短语。成分用法例句做宾语常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有：would like, want,hope, wish, plan, decide,learn, agree, try, like,remember, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue,promise, begin, start 等I want to play basketball thisweekend.这个周末我想打篮球。The boy decided to get upearly the next day.男孩决定第二天早点起床。动词不定式1.动词不定式的作用成分用法例句做宾语补足语在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语。常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：want, wish, tell,ask, teach, encourage, invite,allow, urge, help, warn,advise, expect, force,persuade 等My mother wants me to be ateacher.我妈妈想让我成为一名教师。She asked the students to saysomething.她让学生们说一说。He forced us to do the hardwork.他迫使我们做这项艰苦的工作。(续表)成分用法例句做状语动词不定式做状语，修饰动词、形容词和副词，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等They stay there to wait forthe latest news.他们待在那里等待最新的消息。(做目的状语)They are too tired to walk.他们太累了以至于走不动了。(做结果状语)做主语谓语动词用单数，常用于 it做形式主语的句型，将动词不定式后置To ask the teacher for help isnecessary.It is necessary toask the teacher for help.向老师求助是必要的。(续表)成分用法例句做表语 跟在系动词后做表语Her work is to teach English.她的工作是教英语。做定语动词不定式必须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，二者之间有逻辑上的动宾关系；如果不定式中是不及物动词并且与所修饰词之间有动宾关系时，不定式后面需加上合适的介词They have no house to livein.他们无房子可住。Theres nothing much toworry about.没多少可担心的。(续表)2. 动词不定式的一些特殊用法(1)后接不定式做宾语的动词主要有：三个希望两答应(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)，一个要求莫拒绝(demand, refuse)，设法 学会做决定(manage, learn, decide)，不要假装在选择(pretend, choose)。(2) 在 常 用句型 “find/think it adj.( of/for sb.) todo sth.”中，it 做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语，放在宾语补足语(adj.)后面。如：I find it great to walk along such a beautiful river.我发现沿着这么美丽的河散步真的很棒。(3)有些使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式做宾语补足语，但不定式须省略 to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的 to 则要加上。如：The funny child made everyone laugh. 这个有趣的孩子让每个人都笑了。Everyone was made to laugh by the funny child. 每个人都被这个有趣的孩子逗笑了。(4)感官动词“see/watch/notice/hearsb.do sth.”强调动作的全过程或经常性。如：All of us heard her sing.我们全都听到了她唱歌。(5)had better (not) do sth.意为“最好(不要)做某事”，是固定搭配，其中 had 没有人称和时态的变化，可缩写为“d”。如：Wed/We had better (not) eat anything in the room. 我们最好(不要)在房间里吃东西。(6)“Why not do sth.？/Why dont you do sth.？”意为“(你)为什么不做某事呢？”，用于提出建议。如：Why dont you (Why not) join us now? 现在(你)为什么不加入我们这一方呢？(7)would rather do sth.than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：I would rather stay at home than go to school. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿去上学。(8)动词不定式的否定形式是 not to do，其被动形式为 to bedone。如：She decided not to go there.她决定不去那儿了。The bike needs to be mended ( mending). 这辆自行车需要修理了。疑问词不定式1.有些动词，如 ask, know, learn, decide, tell, show, teach 等，后面可接“疑问代词或副词不定式”做宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。常用的疑问代词和疑问副词有 who, whom, whose, what,which, when, where, how, why 等。如：I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪儿。He asked how to do it.他问怎么做。2.后接“疑问词to do”做宾语的动词主要有：学会 忘记有难处(learn, forget)，想知道就别来劝告(wonder,know, advise)，展开 讨论 教人对付(show, discuss, teach)，弄清楚才决定告诉(find out, decide, tell)。注意：“疑问词动词不定式”可用来替代宾语从句。如：I cant decide which one I will buy (which one to buy).我无法决定要买哪一个。Can you tell me how I can get to the station ( how to get tothe station)? 你能告诉我怎样到达车站吗？成分用法例句做主语 谓语动词用单数形式Doing exercises is good foryour health.锻炼有利于你的身体健康。做宾语常接动名词做宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy,consider, keep, mind,practice, feel like, give up,cant help, miss, finish,suggest, be busy 等Have you finished readingthe book？你读完了这本书吗？动名词1.动名词在句中的作用成分用法例句做表语跟在系动词后做表语，也可转换为做主语My job is looking after thepatient.Looking after thepatient is my job.我的工作是照看病人。做定语修饰名词，只表示所修饰词的用途、所属关系等，放在所修饰词之前I often go to the readingroom.我经常去阅览室。(续表)2.有些动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。常见的动词有：enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事keep doing sth.一直做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事finish doing sth.做完某事mind doing sth.介意做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事miss doing sth.错过/怀念做某事3.有些短语后面可以跟动名词做宾语。常见的短语有：be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣spend.(in) doing sth.花费做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事have fun (in) doing sth.开开心心做某事have a good/great/wonderful time (in) doing sth. 高高兴兴做某事have a hard time (in) doing sth.做某事很困难/麻烦have trouble/problems (in) doing sth.做某事很困难/麻烦feel like doing sth.想要做某事be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事put off doing sth.推迟做某事look forward to doing sth.盼望着做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事prefer doing sth.to doing sth.喜欢做某事胜过做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住/情不自禁做某事make contributions to doing sth.为做某事而做出贡献keep/stop/prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事devote (.) to doing sth.献身于/致力于做某事4.有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同，常见的有：stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止做某事try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(没有做)forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事(已做)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(还没做)regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾/后悔(已做)remember to do sth.记住去做某事(还没做)remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事(已做)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来那件事need to do sth.某人需要做某事(含主动意思)need doing 某东西需要被做(含被动意思)used to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事1.Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor, was alwaysexpecting _ an Oscar and finally he made it.(2016 年广东)A.to winB.winningC.not to winD.not winning点拨选 A考查动词不定式。句意：莱昂纳多迪卡普里奥(Leonardo DiCaprio)是位美国著名的演员，总是期待着赢得奥斯卡奖，最终他成功了。expect to do sth.意为“期待做某事”，其否定形式为expect not to do sth.结合句意可知，此处应该用肯定形式，故选 A。2.We advise parents _ their children at home alone inorder to keep them away from danger.(2015 年广东)A.not leaveC.leave点拨选BB.not to leaveD.to leave考查动词不定式。 句意：我们建议父母为了远离危险，不要把他们的孩子单独留在家里。advise sb.not to dosth.建议某人不要做某事。故选 B。3.Sarah, youd better drink more water after _ forsuch a long time.(2015 年广州)A.runC.to run点拨选DB.runsD.running考查动名词。句意：莎拉，在跑了很长时间后，你最好多喝水。after 在此为介词，英语中介词后面接动名词。故选 D。4.Though he often made his little sister _， today hewas made _ by his little sister.(2015 年汕尾)A.cry; to cryC.cry; cry点拨选AB.crying; cryingD.to cry; cry考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管他经常把他妹妹弄哭，但是今天他被他妹妹弄哭了。make 用作及物动词，意为“使，让”，在主动语态中其后要跟省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中，to 不能省去。故选 A。5.Jane was shy.She would not invite her classmates _speaking English.(2015 年汕尾)A.practiceC.practicing点拨选DB.practicesD.to practice考查动词不定式。句意：珍妮很害羞，她不邀请她的同学们练习英语。invite sb to do sth.邀请某人做某事，故选 D。6.In order _ for the meeting, my sister forced herselfto get up early this morning.(2014 年广东)A.not to be lateC.to be lateB.not being lateD.being late点拨选 A考查动词不定式。in order to do sth.为了做某事，其否定形式为 in order not to do sth.。句意：为了会议不迟到，我姐姐强迫自己在早晨早起。故选 A。7.A British high school is going to allow students _lessons in the afternoon.(2014 年佛山)A.startB.startingC.to start点拨选 C考查动词不定式。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，故选 C。8._ play with fire. _ with fire is dangerous.(2014 年梅州)A.Dont; PlayingC.Dont; PlayB.Not; PlayingD.Not to; To play点拨选 A考查非谓语动词。句意：不要玩火。玩火很危险。由句意可知，第一句话为祈使句，应用 dont 引导；第二句话为动词短语做主语，动词应用动词不定式或动名词形式，故选 A。9.Paul looks forward to _ his pen pal as soon aspossible.(2014 年梅州)A.meetsB.meetC.meetingD.met考查动名词。look forward to doing sth.为固定点拨选C用法，故选 C。10.I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good.We tried _ any noise, for you weresleeping.(2013 年广东)A.not makeC.to make点拨选BB.not to makeD.making考查动词不定式。try (not) to do sth.努力(不)做某事，try doing sth.尝试做某事。根据语境可知此处是指努力不发出声响。故选 B。11.I always tell my students _ on the road because itsreally dangerous.(2013 年广州)A.not to playC.not playing点拨选AB.to play notD.not play考查动词不定式。tell sb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故选 A。12.Her mother always persuades her _ her dietproperly.(2013 年佛山)A.to reduceB.not to reduceC.reduce点拨选A考查动词不定式。句意：她妈妈一直提醒她要合理减少饮食。persuade sb.(not) to do sth.劝某人(不)做某事。故选 A。13.I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into theclassroom.(2013 年梅州)A.lyingB.layC.lieD.lies点拨选A考查动名词。find sth./sb.doing sth.发现某事/某人正在做某事，letter 和 lie 之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词。故选 A。14.Doctor Norman Bethune gave his life to _ Chinesepeople.(2013 年茂名)A.helpB.helpingC.work点拨选B考查动名词。 固定搭配give ones life to doingsth.献身于做某事，故选B。15.The tree _ by your mum grows very well.(2013 年茂名)A.plantingB.is plantedC.planted点拨选 C考查过去分词。此句主谓宾完整，又由于tree与plant 之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词作后置定语。故选C。16.I think this talk is worth _.(2013 年肇庆)A.to listenB.to listen toC.listeningD.listening to点拨选D考查非谓语动词。由固定搭配be worth doing可排除A、B 两项。listen 为不及物动词，需带上介词 to 后面才能跟宾语 this talk。故选D。17.It took me two weeks _ reading the novels writtenby Guo Jingming.(2012 年广东)A.finishB.to finishC.finishesD.finishing点拨选B考查动词不定式。It takes/took sb.some time todo sth.意为“某人花费多长时间做某事”，故选 B。
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