高考英语一轮总复习 阅读与写作 历史与地理课件 外研版

阅读与写作(8)非谓语动词历史与地理该话题主要包括历史和地理的基本知识，重大历史事件和重要人物等。高考命题者的语篇材料中，常涉及到某个地方的史地概况，风土人情等。美文赏析Since 1884，Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)has been the international standard for timekeeping，but it is now under threat from a new definition of time itself based not on the rotation(旋转)of the Earth，but on atomic clocks.In January the International Telecommunication Union will meet in Geneva to vote on whether to adopt the new measure，despite protests from Britain.No doubt，the question has hurt Britains national prideparticularly when the British believe their old rival France is leading the push to change from GMT to the new time standard.GMT is based on the passage of the sun over the zero meridian(经线)line at the Greenwich Observatory in southeast London，and became the world standard for time at a conference in Washington in 1884.France was striving for Paris Mean Time at the same conference.In 1972 it was replaced in name by Universal Coordinated Time(UTC)but that in fact remained the same as GMT.UTC is based on about 400 atomic clocks around the world but then corrected with“leap seconds”to correspond tothe Earths rotational speed，which fluctuates(波动)As a result，atomic time is slowly diverging(偏离)from GMT.The tiny differences between Earth speed and atomic speed have become a problem for GPS，space exploration and mobile phone networks on which the modern world relies.The meeting will look at the possibilities of abolishing the leap seconds and moving fully to atomic time.The proposal has been opposed by British science minister David Willetts.He said，“We should stick to real time as experienced by humans.Without leap seconds we will lose contact with the reality of Earths rotation. Eventually our midnight would happen at noon.”China_prefers_the_present_time_standards，saying_that_its_astronomers_want_to_retain_Earthrotationbased_time.【解题导语】格林尼治标准时间作为全球通用的时间参考标准已使用了120多年。但格林尼治标准时间可能会成为历史。这种以地球自转为依据的世界时可能会被以原子振荡周期为依据的原子时彻底取代。一、阅读与积累1攻克疑难词汇definition n定义adopt v采用，采取All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三个队处理这个问题方法各不相同。strive v努力，奋斗We encouraged all members to strive for the highest standards.我们鼓励所有成员为达到最高标准而努力。correspond to与相符retain v保持；保留2攻克疑难句No doubt, the question has hurt Britains national prideparticularly when the British believe their old rival France is leading the push to change from GMT to the new time standard.结构分析本句是主从复合句。no doubt作状语，意为“毫无疑问”；when引导时间状语从句；believe后为省略引导词that的宾语从句。尝试翻译这一提议无疑伤害了英国人的国家自豪感尤其是当英国认为他们的老对手法国带头推动用新的时间标准代替格林尼治标准时间的时候。二、理解与书面表达1理解文章主旨The passage mainly tells us that_Greenwich_Mean_Time_is _likely_to_be_replaced_by_Universal_Coordinated_Time.2理解与书面表达 文中画线部分的句子结构是写作中常用的，请你写出此句的类型：_。答案现在分词作伴随状语3精通句式：非谓语动词(1)说明：非谓语动词指动词不定式、动名词和分词。众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词(或者介词短语等)对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。 (2)例句感悟All the people here like the novel written by Tom.This is a factory，producing thousands of cars a month.The firefighters coming here in time helped us a lot.We think it very important to speak more English.(3)将下面小短文译成英语北京市有大量的出租车司机，他们每天全心全意地为乘客服务，对北京市的交通发挥着重要作用。他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把手机忘在了车上，但当我和司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把手机送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。_ 答案There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing.They serve passengers heart and soul.They play an important part in the traffic of Beijing.They make some money.They work from dawn till night.One day，I left my cellphone in the taxi I took.I got in touch with the driver.He drove to my home and gave it back to me.I was very excited.(4)用非谓语动词的形式改写上面的小短文使它成为一篇优秀的小短文。_【参考范文】There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing，serving passengers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing.In order to make some money to support their families，they work from dawn till night.One day，I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cellphone left in the taxi I took.On hearing what had happened，the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cellphone back to me.Seeing my cellphone again，I was too excited to say a word.