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11Unit 3 Language in use 关注生活中的关注生活中的“祈使句祈使句”1.1.定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做的句子叫做祈使句祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此又叫做又叫做命令句。命令句。 祈使句因对象（即主语）是祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称第二人称，所以通常都省，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时一般现在时，句末则使用句号，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。或感叹号来表示结束。 例：例：Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。去洗你的手。命令命令) Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.） （请安静。（请安静。请求请求） Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。对姊妹要和善。劝告劝告）祈使句小结祈使句小结Watch your steps. （走路小心。（走路小心。警告）警告） Look out！Danger！ 小心！危险！小心！危险！强烈警告强烈警告Keep off the grass. （勿践草坪。（勿践草坪。禁止）禁止） No parking. （禁止停车。（禁止停车。禁止）禁止） 祈使句也常把主语祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：些，例如： You go and tell him, Tom. （Tom, 去告诉他。）去告诉他。） 2、相关口令、相关口令 祈使句无主语祈使句无主语, 主语主语you常省去常省去; 动词原形谓语当动词原形谓语当, 句首加句首加dont否定变否定变; 朗读应当用降调朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。句末常标感叹号。 3、表现形式、表现形式 肯定结构肯定结构: p Do型型动词原形开头动词原形开头 即即:动词原形动词原形(+宾语宾语)+其它成分。其它成分。如如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。动词可省略。如如:This way, please. =Go this way, please. 请这边走请这边走! p Be型型动词动词Be开头开头 即即:Be + 表语表语(名词或形容词名词或形容词)+其它成分其它成分)。 如如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子要做一个好孩子! p Let型型动词动词Let开头。开头。 即即:Let + 宾语宾语 + 动词原形动词原形 + 其它成分其它成分)。如如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。让我来帮你。 3、表现形式、表现形式 否定结构否定结构: pDo型和型和Be型的否定式都是在型的否定式都是在句首加句首加dont构成构成。 如如:Dont forget me! 不要忘记我不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到上学不要迟到! p Let型的否定式有两种型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语宾语 + 动词原形动词原形 + 其它成分其它成分”“Let + 宾语宾语 + not + 动词原形动词原形 + 其它成分其它成分”。如如:Dont let him go. Let him not go. 别让他走。别让他走。 p No开头开头用来表示禁止性的祈使句。用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼禁止钓鱼! 练习：练习： 将下列汉语翻译成英语。将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。请照看好您的包。 _. 2. 让我们去学校吧让我们去学校吧! _! 3. 亲爱的亲爱的,高兴点儿高兴点儿! _! 4. 不要把书放这儿。不要把书放这儿。 _. 5. 不要让猫进来。不要让猫进来。 _. Please look after your bag. Lets go to school. Be glad, dear Dont put the book here . Dont let the cat come in /Let the cat not come in . Language practiceGive them more personal space.Wave to say goodbye.Be careful!Dont stand too close to North Americans.DosDontsBritainStand in line.Shake hands.Say “please” and “thank you”.Open doors for others.Look at people when you talk.Be on time.Touch people.Ask a womans age.Stand too close.Say anything too personal.1 work in pairs. Talk about dos and donts in a foreign country.2 Make a list of dos and donts to help visitors to Britain.Stand in line.Dont touch people when you talk to them.Do shake hands when you meet a friend.Do stand in line.Do expect rain.Please talk about the weather.Do Say “please” and “thank you”.Do look at people when you talkDont touch people.Dont ask people personal question.Dont ask womens age.Dont talk with food in your mouth.Dont be late.3 Rewrite the sentences.Its important to listen to the teacher.Listen to the teacher.You cannot shout in the classroom.Dont shout in the classroom.1. Its important to be careful.2. Its important to clean and tidy the lab.3. You cannot touch anything if the teacher doesnt ask you to.4. You cannot bring food or drink into the lab.5. You cannot enter the lab alone.1. Its important to be careful.2. Its important to clean and tidy the lab.3. You cannot touch anything if the teacher doesnt ask you to.4. You cannot bring food or drink into the lab.5. You cannot enter the lab alone.Be careful.Clean and tidy the lab.Dont touch anything if teacher isnt ask you to.Dont bring food or drink into the lab.Dont enter the lab alone.4 Answer the questions. Use the words and expressions from the box to help you.all right arm in arm close different hold on to kiss three times point at shake hands with wave1.How do the British say hello to each other when they first meet?2. Does body language mean the same thing in different countries?They shake hands with each other.No , it doesnt.3. How do the Russians say hello to each other when they meet?4. Is it polite to stand close to North Americans?5. Is it all right to wave goodbye in Greece?6. How do you usually say goodbye with body language?They usually kiss three times.No ,it isnt.No ,it isnt.I wave my hand.Around the w rldThe Japanese bowIn Japan, people bow to say “thank you”, “sorry” ,“hello”，“goodbye”, “youre welcome”，“excuse me”, and many other things. Children and young people bow lower when they greet older people. Its a way of being polite and showing respect.5 Work in pairs. Talk about different ways of saying hello and body language in China.6 Write the information on your poster.7 Find or draw some pictures to add to your poster.8 Show your poster to the whole class.1. _ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried2. _, or youll be late. A. Hurry up B. Take it down C. To hurry up D. Hurries up3. Ssh! _ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now. Do B. Does C. Dont D. Doesnt 选择：选择：4. “_ exercise every day, my child. Its good for your health,” Father said. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Takes5. Dont _ too much TV. Its bad for your eyes. A. watch B. watched C. watching D. to watch6. _ sleep too late. Its bad for your health. A. Do B. Not C. Dont D. Please not
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