中考英语 语法知识名师手册 第10讲 非谓语动词课件

第 10 10 讲 非谓语动词to listenwatchinggoinghaving一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1Our parents tell us _ (listen) carefully in class.2 I prefer_ (watch) TV at home to _ (go)out on such a rainy day.openingnot to hang3How about_ (have) a party this weekend?4Would you mind_ (open) the door for me?5We have decided_ (not hang) out after school.二、完成句子，每空一词tofinish1It took me two hours_ _ (完成) my mathhomework last night.tolearnhowtodrive2 It is difficult _ _ _ _ (学习如何开车)indoing3They have many difficulties _ _ (做) thehard job.whattodo4We dont know_ _ _ (该干什么)next.stoppedcrying5 The little boy _ _ ( 停止哭泣) andlaughed again.动词不定式在句中的作用1作宾语(1)常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, hope, wish, plan,decide, learn, agree, try 等。如：I want to play basketball this weekend.这个周末我想打篮球。The boy decided to get up early the next day.男孩决定第二天早点起床。后接不定式作宾语的动词：三个希望两答应(hope, wish, want, agree, promise)，一个要求莫拒绝(demand, refuse)，设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide)，不要假装在选择(pretend, choose)。(2)在常用句型“find/thinkitadj.to do sth.”中，it 作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语，放在宾语补足语(adj.)后面。如：I find it great to walk along such a beautiful river.我发现沿着这么漂亮的河边散步真是太棒了。2作宾语补足语在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语。常接动词不 定 式 作 宾 语 补 足 语 的 动 词 有 ： want, wish, tell, ask, teach,encourage, invite, allow, urge 等。如：My mother wants me to be a teacher.我妈妈想让我成为一名教师。She asked the students to say something.她让学生们说一说。3作状语They stay there to wait for the latest news.他们待在那里等待最新的消息。(作目的状语)They are too tired to walk.他们太累了以至于走不动了。(作结果状语)4作表语Her work is to teach English.她的工作是教英语。5.作定语(不定式必须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后)They have no house to live in.他们无房子可住。6.作主语(常用 it 作形式主语，而往往将动词不定式后置)It takes us hours to do our homework every day.我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业。Its not easy to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语不容易。动词不定式基本用法：不定式有标记，to 与动原连一起；没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备；主宾定补表状语，唯独作谓不可以；Not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记；疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义；仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。常见的动词不定式的省略形式1作 make (使得)/let (让，允许)/have (请) 的宾语补足语的动词不定式常省略 to。如：The funny child made everyone laugh.这个有趣的孩子让每个人都笑了。注意：当变为被动语态时，省略的 to 要加上。如：Everyone was made to laugh by the funny child.每个人都被这个有趣的孩子逗笑了。2感观动词“see/watch/notice/hearsb.do”强调动作的过程或经常性。如：All of us heard her sing.我们全都听到了她唱歌。3had better (not) do sth.意为“最好(不要)做某事”，是固定搭配。4Why not do. ？Why dont you do. ？意为“为何不做”，用于提出建议。5would rather do.than do. 意 为 “ 宁 愿 做 而 不 愿做”。疑问词不定式有些动词，如 ask, know, learn, decide, tell, show, teach 等，后面可接“疑问代词或副词不定式”作宾语。不定式可以和疑 问代 词(who, whom, whose, what, which) 或 疑问 副词 (when,where, how, why)连用构成不定式短语。如：I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪儿。He asked how to do it.他问怎么做。后接“疑问词to do”作宾语的动词：学会忘记有难处(learn, forget)，想知道就别来劝告(wonder, know, advise)，展开讨论教人对付(show, discuss, teach)，弄清楚才决定告诉(find out, decide, tell)。()1.(2014 年广东)It took me two weeks _reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.AfinishBto finishCfinishesDFinishingBIt takes sb. 时间to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事，是固定搭配，故选 B。()2.(2013 年广东广州)I asked her_the bagbecause it was too expensive.A.not to buyB.to buy notC.not buyingD.not buyA 题意：我要她不要买这个包，因为太贵了。ask sb.to dosth.请求某人做某事，其否定形式为 ask sb.not to do sth.，故选 A。)3.(2014年广东深圳)What are the _ doing(there?They are busy _ their scienceAboys students; to doBboy students; to doCboys students; doingDboy students; doingD 用一个名词来作另一个名词的定语时，其复数形式通常只需将后一个名词变为复数(用 man, woman 作定语时需要两个都变为复数)；be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事。 故选 D。experiment.()4.(2014 年广东深圳)Its time for dinner, Linda.Letsout this evening. Nice.But I prefer Chinese food _ western food.Aeat; toCeat; thanBto eat; thanDto eat; toA let 后加省略 to 的不定式，即动词原形；prefer A to B比起 B 来更喜欢 A。()5.(2013年广东深圳)Would you like _ theWutong Mountain tomorrow?If my mother _, I will go with you.Aclimbing; will allowBclimbing; allowsCto climb; allowsDto climb; will allowC题意：“你明天愿意去爬梧桐山吗？”“如果我妈妈同意，我就跟你去。”would like to do sth.愿意做某事，是固定搭配。“If my mother.”是一个条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，故选 C。()6.(2013 年广东湛江)Its going to rain.Remember_ an umbrellaAll right, Mom.AtakingCto takewhen you go to school.BbringingDto bringC remember to do sth.记住要做某事，remember doing sth.记得做过某事，根据题意可知事情“未做”，故可以排除 A、B 两项。take 意为“带走”，bring 意为“带来”，故选 C。()7.(2014 年广东肇庆)Our teacher always tells us_ time playing computer games.Anot to wasteBnot wasteCdont wasteA tell sb.(not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事。()8.(2013 年广东肇庆)How do you feel when youwatch the national flag go up? It makes me _ very proud.AfeelBfeltCto feelAmake 的主动语态中用省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，即 make sb.do sth.(使某人做某事)。()9.(2013 年广东茂名)Can you see the girl _outside the classroom? She is Miss Lis daughter. Astands Bstanding CStand B 题意：你看到站在教室外的那个女孩了吗？她是李老师的女儿。句中已有谓语，故应用非谓语形式，standing 作后置定语，表示 stand 这个动作是由主语发出的。()10.(2014 年广东梅州)Its too hot.Would you mindmy _ the window?_.Do it as you like, please.A.to open; OKB.opening; Certainly notC.opening; Of courseD.open; Good ideaB mind sb.(s) doing sth.介意某人做某事；且根据答语可知是不介意，故可用 certainly not (当然不)来回答。()11.(2013 年广东梅州)If anyone ever asks her how oldshe is, she always answers, “My dear, it must be terrible_！”A.grown upC.be grown upB.being grown upD.to be grown upD itsadj.to do sth.做某事怎么样；be grown up 长大成人。()12.(2011 年广东)Try to sing more English songs, youwill find it interesting _ a foreign language.AlearningClearnBlearnsDto learnD 根据句型“finditadj.to do sth.”可知选 D。()13.(2014 年广东广州)I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _ for dinner with us?A.goC.to goB.did you goD.do you goA “Why not do sth.？”是表示提建议的常用句型。()14.(2013 年广东深圳)Do you often go swimmingSunday mornings?Yes.Why not _ with me this Sunday?A.on; goC.on; goingB.in; to goD.in; goingA表示在具体某一天的上午要用介词 on; why not do sth.意为“为什么不做某事”。()15.(2013 年广东深圳)The doctor told me _too much, but I find it difficult.The doctor is right.The less you drink, _ you willbe.A.dont drink; the healthierB.not to drink; the healthierC.not to drink; the more healthierD.dont drink; healthierBtell sb.not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事；“the 比较级，the比较级”表示“越就越”，healthy 的比较级是 healthier，前面不能用 more 修饰。故选 B。()16.(2013 年广东佛山)After the earthquake hit Japan,many international organizations offered _.A.to helpingB.to helpC.HelpingB offer to do sth.主动提出做某事。()17.(2014 年广东肇庆)The assistant wont let you_ the cinema if you havent a ticket.A.enterBto enterCEnteringA let sb.do sth.让某人做某事。()18.(2013 年广东茂名)I often hear her _ thissong.Listen! Cant you hear her _ in the next room?A.sing; singB.singing; singingC.sing; singingC hear sb.do sth.表示“听到某人做某事的全过程”或表示经常听到某人做某事，hear sb.doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”。()19.(2014 年广东)We can use QQ to chat with eachother on the Internet.Really? Will you please show me _ it?A.how to useC.how can I useB.what to useD.what can I useA 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除 C、D；因已有宾语 it，故“疑问词不定式”中的疑问词要用 how 而不用 what。故选A。()20.(2013 年广东广州)The teacher told the students_ any food into the computer room.A.not to bringC.dont bringB.not bringD.bring notA动词不定式的否定形式是直接在前面加 not 。tellsb.not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事。()21.(2014年广东深圳)The weather report says thereis going to _ a typhoon tonight.So we had better _ out.A.be; not goC.be; not to goB.have; not goD.have; not to goA there be 句型的一般将来时形式为 there will be 或 thereis going to be; had better not do sth.意为“最好不做某事”。()22.(2013 年广东梅州)Tell him _ the teacherand _ the window.A.to listen to; not look out ofB.to listen to; not to look outC.to listen to; not to look out ofD.listen to; dont look out ofC tell sb.(not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事；look out ofthe window 朝窗外看。()23.(2014 年广东佛山)Remember _ yourpersonal information to strangers.Its dangerous.A.to tellB.not to tellCnot tellBremember (not) to do sth. 记 得 ( 不 ) 要 做 某事 。 由 “Itsdangerous.”可知此处表示否定，故选 B。()24.(2014 年广东湛江)What did your father say justnow?He told me not _ in the street.A.runC.runningB.runsD.to runD tell sb.(not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事。