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Module3Unit 3Back to the past 1、辨析辨析remain, stay(1) remain与stay表示“留下，继续保持某一状态”时，常作连系动词，可以互换，其后接名词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。(2) 当表示“剩下”(即其余的一切都被拿走、除去、破坏等)，通常只用remain而不用stay。(3) 当表示“在某处或在某处住下”时，常用stay而不用remain。(4) remains n(常用复数)所剩下的，遗留下的东西(5)remain to be done 有待，尚得He stayed / remained outside while we entered the room. 他留在外面，我们进了屋子。He wants to stay with a friend in the country for a week. 他想和一个朋友在乡下待一个星期。The remains of the meal are in the fridge. 剩下的饭菜在冰箱里。With only 20 dollars remaining in his wallet, he couldnt order even a decent supper. 钱包里只剩下20美元了，他连一份像样的晚餐也买不了。It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正确，尚无定论。 Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seatA句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之后再离开座位。考查非谓语动词作表语。remain“仍然是，保持不变”，是连系动词，后接不定式表示将要发生的动作，seat是及物动词，“使某人就座”为seat oneself，故用过去分词作表语。No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent. (2012浙江) A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain D句意：不论你是多么能说会道，但有些时候保持沉默会更好。句中的it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，即常见的it is adj.to do结构。The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now.A. remainsB. is remained C. is remainingD. has been remained Aremain表示“留下来，剩下来，继续存在”，无被动语态；此处作为“继续存在”无进行时态。 2、 protect vt. 保护保护(使不受使不受的影响或破坏的影响或破坏) 其常用句型为：protectfrom / against， from / against后接能带来伤害或损害之物。He wore a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes (from / against) strong light.他戴上太阳镜以保护他的眼睛不受强光影响。In this shelter, the injured birds are protected from human hunting.在这个栖身之处，受伤的鸟儿们不会受到人类的猎杀。 At minus 130， a living cell can be _ for a thousand years. A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed C句意：在130，一个活细胞可以保存1000年。考查动词词义辨析。A抽出；B保护；C保护，保存；D发展，研制。根据句意选C。3、influence v. 影响，感化影响，感化 n. U 影响力，感化力，影响力，感化力，势力，权势势力，权势Dont let me influence your decision. 不要让我影响你的决定。Listening to the music has a calming influence on her. 听音乐对她起了一种镇静的作用。have a good / badinfluence on / upon / over 对有好的/坏的影响under the influence of 受的影响influence sb. (to do sth.) 支配/左右某人做某事表示“对有影响”还可以用：affect haveeffect on / upon China has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledgeA句意：在抗击流感中，中国以细心和顺利的组织而获得良好的声誉。考查名词词义辨析。A声誉；B影响；C印象；D知识。注意它们与介词的搭配，havereputation for，have influence on，make an impression on，have a good knowledge of。 4、aware adj. 意识到的，察觉到的意识到的，察觉到的be aware ofbe aware thatI suddenly became aware of ( started to notice) him looking at me.我突然注意到他在看着我。I was not aware of / was unaware of his anger then.我当时没有意识到他的愤怒。The headmaster didnt seem to be aware that there should have been so much dispute about the decision.校长好像没有意识到这个表决竟然有这么多分歧。awareness n. 意识Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.公众对于这个问题的关注将会使政治家们认真对待它。“be adj. of”结构短语常见的还有： be afraid of 害怕be worthy of 值得be proud of 以为骄傲be fond of 喜欢be short of 缺少be guilty of 犯(某种罪，过失) 5、judge n. 法官；鉴赏家 vt. 判断 His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲曾是个法官。Shes a good judge of wine. 她是一个很好关于酒的鉴赏家。Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。judge sb. / sth. by/from 通过判断judging from/by 根据判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非in ones judgement 依某人看；依某人判断Dont judge a book by its cover. 不可凭外表作出判断。judging from/by是一个独立成分句型，一般地说，它只用其v.ing形式作状语。 1、no doubt 毫无疑问毫无疑问No doubt she will call us when she gets there. 她到达那里必定会给我们打电话。There is no doubt of his success.There is no doubt that he will succeed.I have no doubt that he will succeed.He will succeed without doubt. 对他的成功毋庸置疑。 2、 take over 接管，接替，接任接管，接替，接任When she fell ill her daughter took over the business from her. 她生病时她女儿接管了她的生意。3、run through 跑着穿过；(使)在流过；反复练习，复习；匆匆阅读，贯穿于之中；挥霍Run through your notes before class. 上课前把笔记复习一下。This theme runs through the whole book. 该主题贯穿全书。get through 完成，到达，接通电话，结束，及格go through 检查，审查，搜查，完成，做完，练习，遭受，经受，经历，穿过，通过see through 看破，看穿look through 浏览，快速查看The girl is working very hard, expecting to _ the test. A. get through B. see through C. look through D. run throughA句意：这女孩正在努力学习，希望通过考试。A通过，及格；B看穿；C浏览；D流过，贯穿。根据句意选A。4、 stop sb. from doing sth.(prevent/keep sb. from doing sth.) 防止/阻止某人做在主动语态中，stop/prevent sb. from doing 中的from 可以省略，但是在被动语态中不可以省。keep sb. from doing sth. 中的from主动、被动语态中都不能省，因为keep sb. doing 意为“使某人不停地做某事”。The heavy rain stopped/prevented her (from) going out. The heavy rain kept her from going out.She was stopped from going out by the heavy rain. 大雨阻止了她出去。 As citizens, we should do what we can to stop our river _. A. from polluted B. from polluting C. polluting D. being pollutedD句意：作为市民，我们应该尽力防止我们的河流被污染。A中from后要加being才对。“河流被污染”表被动，故选D。1、When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days!当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持着原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走！本句为并列复合句，以so为分界点，I saw streets和you did not have to为两个平行的句子，when引导时间状语从句，just as从句和with复合结构均为streets的后置定语。2、By the age of thirty, he had already occupied more than land than anyone before到30岁时，他已经占领比以前任何人更多的土地句子中有by 过去时间的时间状语以及by the time 过去时的时间状语从句，谓语动词使用过去完成时。By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. 到爱因斯坦14岁时，他已经自学了高等数学。C句意：当我与奶奶在电话中交谈时，她的声音听起来很虚弱，但到我们挂断电话时，她的声音已经充满了活力。考查动词时态。据题干her voice had been full of life为过去的过去，因此我们挂断电话为过去的动作。by the time 一般过去时的从句，主句用过去完成时，表示“到时候为止，已经”。 When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up, her voice had been full of life. A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang
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