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被动语态被动语态1. 被动语态的构成：助动词被动语态的构成：助动词be/get及物动词的过去分词。及物动词的过去分词。用法：用法：(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态，如动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态，如 Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. (2) 当强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态，如当强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态，如This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.【注意注意】(1) 带双宾语动词的被动语态，若将间接宾语变为被动语态带双宾语动词的被动语态，若将间接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，直接宾语则保留不变；若将直接宾语变为被动语中的主语，直接宾语则保留不变；若将直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，间接宾语前则需加介词态中的主语，间接宾语前则需加介词to 或或for。(2) 动词动词make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等接动词不定式等接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带to；但当它们变成被动语；但当它们变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上态时后面的不定式都须加上to，如，如The boss made them work ten hours a day.They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.(3) 当句子的谓语为当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report, suggest, think等时，被动语态有两种形式：等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。用谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。用it作形式作形式主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句来表示，如主语，真正的主语在后面，用主语从句来表示，如Paper is known to have been first made in China.It is known that paper was first made in China. 2. 被动语态的时态：被动语态的时态：(1)一般现在时一般现在时 系动词系动词am/is/are 动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。(2) 一般过去时一般过去时系动词系动词was/were 动词的过去分词，如动词的过去分词，如The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.(3) 一般将来时一般将来时will 或或be going to be 动词的过去分词，如动词的过去分词，如These books are going to be posted tomorrow.(4) 现在完成时现在完成时助动词助动词have/has been 动词的过去分词，如动词的过去分词，如We havent been invited to the party.(5) 现在进行时现在进行时be being 动词的过去分词，如动词的过去分词，如The problem is being discussed by the students.(6) 带有情态动词的被动语态带有情态动词的被动语态情态动词情态动词 be 动词的过去分词，如动词的过去分词，如Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.注意注意:1.主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义(1)cut, read, sell, wear, write, cook, lock, wash等表示主语性等表示主语性质功能的动词接状语修饰语时，如质功能的动词接状语修饰语时，如These novels wont sell well.(2) want / require / need doing中的中的doing(也可用也可用to be done)用主动形式表被动意义，如用主动形式表被动意义，如The house requires cleaning at once. C跟踪演练跟踪演练 Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _ .A. Its repaired B. It has been repairedC. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired【 解析解析】选选C。由。由Sorry可知，第二个说话者拒绝了第一可知，第二个说话者拒绝了第一个说话者借电脑的请求，只有选个说话者借电脑的请求，只有选C项，第二个人的理由才项，第二个人的理由才充分。答句句意：对不起，我的电脑正在维修。充分。答句句意：对不起，我的电脑正在维修。(3) 在在“be 形容词形容词 to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，用主动形式表被动。的主语时，用主动形式表被动。(4)系动词系动词feel, look, smell, taste, sound等。等。(5) 表示表示“开始、发生、结束、关、停、转、启动开始、发生、结束、关、停、转、启动”等的动词。等的动词。(6) 在在be worth doing中，中，doing用主动形式表被动。用主动形式表被动。(7) 不定式不定式 to blame (受谴责受谴责)，to rent(出租出租)作表语时，用主动作表语时，用主动形式表被动。形式表被动。2. 被动形式表示主动意义被动形式表示主动意义be seated 坐着；坐着；be hidden 躲藏；躲藏；be lost 迷路；迷路；be drunk 喝喝醉；醉；be dressed 穿着。穿着。3. 被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特征或状态。被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特征或状态。 不能用被动语态的几种情况：不能用被动语态的几种情况：(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用被动语态。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用被动语态。(2) 表示状态的谓语动词，如表示状态的谓语动词，如hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。等。(3) 表示归属的动词，如表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等。等。(4) 表示表示“希望、希望、 意图意图”的动词，如的动词，如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。等。(5) 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态。(6) 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。语态。BC课堂训练课堂训练1. Although many measures _ ,the worlds economy is still going down.A. were taken B. have been takenC. will be taken D. are taken2. This Monday morning I was informed I _ as one of the three exchange students from our college.A. had been choosing B. was chosenC. had been chosen D. was choosingCD3. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts _ to use botanical fuel as a source of power.A. have made B. having made C. are being made D. will be making4.Where can we get your new science fiction? Im sorry ,it _and will come out next week.A. has been printed B. will be printedC. is printed D. is being printedB5.Ever since the financial crisis _, many workers _ from their jobs.A. broke out; are laid offB. broke out; have been laid offC. has broken out; were laid offD. broke out; had been laid off高考链接高考链接1. (2012重庆高考重庆高考)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run outD. are being run out【解析解析】选选B。考查时态和语态。句意。考查时态和语态。句意: 供应洪灾地区的食供应洪灾地区的食物快用完了。我们必须在用完之前立刻采取行动。物快用完了。我们必须在用完之前立刻采取行动。run out是不及物动词是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态不能用于被动语态,排除排除C、D; 由第二句中的由第二句中的before theres none left可知可知, run out是将要发生的动作是将要发生的动作,应用应用将来时。将来时。have run out是现在完成时是现在完成时, 表示动作的完成表示动作的完成; are running out是进行时是进行时, 可以表将来可以表将来, 故选故选B。2.(2012安徽高考安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _.A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated【解析解析】选选D。考查动词时态和语态。句意。考查动词时态和语态。句意: 放学后我们去放学后我们去阅览室读书阅览室读书, 结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动词词went可知可知, 动作发生在过去动作发生在过去, 而装修正在进行而装修正在进行, 故需要使用故需要使用过去进行时过去进行时; it指代指代the reading-room, 与动词与动词decorate是动宾是动宾关系关系, 故需要使用被动语态故需要使用被动语态, 所以应该使用过去进行时的被所以应该使用过去进行时的被动语态动语态, 故选故选D项。项。3.(2012湖南高考湖南高考)Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid【解析解析】选选A。考查时态和被动语态。句意。考查时态和被动语态。句意:不要担心。你不要担心。你现在做的艰苦的工作会在以后的生活中得到回报。由句意现在做的艰苦的工作会在以后的生活中得到回报。由句意可知应用一般将来时可知应用一般将来时, 且艰苦的工作应该是被回报且艰苦的工作应该是被回报, 故用动故用动词的一般将来时的被动语态。词的一般将来时的被动语态。A项为一般将来时的被动语态项为一般将来时的被动语态,符合题意。符合题意。B项为过去进行时的被动语态项为过去进行时的被动语态; C项为现在完成项为现在完成时的被动语态时的被动语态; D项为一般过去时的被动语态。项为一般过去时的被动语态。
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