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第一讲第一讲 名词与冠词名词与冠词温 馨 提 示 广东高考英语试题中对名词的考查主要以词形变化的形式出现，兼顾名词的数和名词的格的变化。所以， 熟悉名词构词法，弄清楚哪些词后应接名词尤为重要(请参考必修一第一单元的“巧用派生词，做好语法填空”)。语法填空中对冠词考查的重点是不定冠词a和an的区别、形容词最高级、序数词前用定冠词以及定冠词表示特指的意义。一、名词考点透析1名词的数。(1)可数名词有单复数之分。例如：bookbooks，boxboxes，leafleaves，citycities。(2)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。例如：sonsinlaw 女婿passersby 过路人storytellers 讲故事的人gobetweens 中介人(3)下列名词单复数同形。Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，sheep绵羊，deer小鹿，horsepower马力，fish鱼，fruit 水果。(4)下列名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法。细菌bacterium(单数)bacteria(复数)资料、数据 datum(单数)data(复数)现象 phenomenon(单数)phenomena(复数)(5) 不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。例如：England，London，bread，rice，steel，knowledge，advice，health，wealth等。Many people think that health is the greatest wealth in the world.(6)experience表“经验”时是不可数名词，表“经历”时是可数名词。(7)常见的单复数意义不同的名词有value(价值)，values(价值观); manner(方式)，manners (礼貌); custom(风俗)，customs(海关); damage(损害)，damages(赔偿金); work(工作)，works(著作)等，需特别注意。(8)team，group，committee，crew，family等集体名词强调整体时为单数，强调个体时为复数。例如：His group is a big one and all group are very active in the activity.他那个组是个大组，所有的组员都积极参加活动。The film attracted a large audience and most audience were moved to tears.这部影片吸引了大量观众，多数观众都被感动得流下眼泪。(9)名词做定语时，除man，woman有单复数变化外，其他名词一般用单数。例如：three women doctorsmany coffee shops2名词的所有格。(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加s, 例如：his mothers friend; Susan is a friend of my mothers。(2)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。例如：the window of the room。(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加 s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加 s。例如： That lady in a beautiful dress is Jane and Marys mother.那位穿漂亮裙子的女士是琼和玛利的妈妈。(共有，暗示琼和玛利是姐妹关系)Those two women are Janes and Marys mothers.那两位女士分别是琼的妈妈和玛利的妈妈。(不共有，分别指两位妈妈)(4)“a(two，some.)名词of名词s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。a friend of my motherstwo photos of mine3抽象名词具体化。 表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下等，常构成“a/an(形容词)抽象名词”。例如：a surprise 一个惊喜a pleasure 一件乐事a failure一个失败者，一次失败a great success 一次巨大的成功a wonderful breakfast 一顿丰盛的早餐a happiness 一种幸福强化训练一强化训练一(一)单句填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，用所给单词的适当形式填空。1(2012福建卷)Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? Well, you know, English is my _.So it is my best choice. (strong)strength2(2012山东卷)My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. (impress)3(2012江西卷)Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _.(refer)4(2012浙江卷)Your _as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. (perform)performanceimpressionreference5(2012江苏卷)Dont worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.What a _！ Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious. (relieve)(二)单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1(2012全国卷)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.Aquality Bprogress Cproduction DdemandreliefD2(2012天津卷)You were working too hard. Youd better keep a _between work and relaxation.Apromise BleadCbalance Ddiary3(2012江苏卷)Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _， but I can manage it myself.Aadvice Bquestion Coffer DideaCC4(2012湖北卷)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow5(2012湖北卷)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa.Apattern BprocedureCprogram DperspectiveBA6(2011湖北卷)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with clearly_ in her voice.Aanger BrudenessCregret Dpanic7(2012福建卷)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _of global climate change.Aresult BcauseCwarning DreflectionBD8(2011山东卷)Theres a _in our office that when its somebodys birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.Atradition BbalanceCconcern Drelationship9(2011江西卷)Whats the_，in your opinion， of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself ?Asympathy BthemeCobject DpointDA10(2011江苏卷)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional_.Aconsequence BindependenceCcompetence Dintelligence二、冠词考点透析1不定冠词最基本的用法是泛指，表示“一个/一张/一本/一”以及用于第一次出现的可数名词单数前。例如：An umbrella is an article that keeps the rain out.Ten years is a long time.C2定冠词最基本的用法是表特指。重复出现的名词、形容词最高级、序数词、江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸、乐器名称、某些建筑物前，都需有定冠词。例如：(1)The film I saw last night is the most moving one that I have ever seen.(2)The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(3)The Browns are all fond of playing the violin while the Whites are interested in playing tennis.3不用冠词的情况。(1)抽象名词表示一般概念时。(2)在表示职位或头衔的名词前。(3) 在表示季节、月份、日期、节日(但在中国的传统节日前一定要有the)、星期的名词前。 (4)一日三餐、球类活动前。例如：(1)March 8 is Womens Day，and June 1 is Childrens Day.(2)We elected Tom monitor of our class.(3)It is not very cold here in the south of China in winter，but the winter of 1990 was extremely cold.(4)I always have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(5)Some students will play basketball after school，and others will go running around the campus.4习惯用法：英语中有不少名词前不带冠词、带定冠词或带不定冠词意思完全不同。例如：go to school 上学go to the school 去学校in front of 在前面in the front of 在前部(sit) at table 在吃饭(sit) at the table 坐在桌子旁边go to sea 去当水手go to the sea 到海滨去(度假)out of question 没问题out of the question 不可能be in hospital 在住院be in the hospital 在医院强化训练二强化训练二最新高考演练按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空格上填上适当的冠词或零冠词。1(2012全国卷)Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.2(2012重庆卷)The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled.Oh, no! Its _ pity.athe/3(2012全国卷)He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.4(2012安徽卷)Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up _meat processing factory of his own one day.5(2012山东卷)Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.theaaaa6(2012重庆卷)Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.7(2012四川卷)We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.8(2012江西卷)The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.thethethea9(2012浙江卷)The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.10(2012辽宁卷)I woke up with _ bad headache, yet by _evening the pain had gone.11(2011江西卷)Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year.Right, he will also get paid by _ week.aaathethe12(2011山东卷)Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.13(2011陕西卷)As is known to all, _Peoples Republic of China is_ biggest developing country in the world.14(2011全国卷)As he reached _ front door, Jack saw_ strange sight.15(2011浙江卷)Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso.aaathethethethethe专题训练专题训练广东各地市历年模拟题演练按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在横线上填入正确单词或用括号中单词的正确形式填空。1The order in which they finished would decide the order of their _ (appear) in the Chinese calendar.2When it was time to leave, I said “thank you” in Korean, using some of _ few words I had learned.appearancethe3_accident took the life of the child only a short time later.4Computermaker HewlettPackard announced this week that _ chairwoman of its board of directors(董事会) will leave office in January.5“When a customer enters my store, forget me.He is king.” said John Wanamaker, _ boss of the worlds first department store.6The Internet is working _ (wonderful) in raising living standards.Anthethewonders7.nothing but top performance meets with our _ (approve)8He was _ shy, nervous perfectionist.9The 104episode cartoon series tells _ life stories of Confucius from a little boy to a master.10The TV series is jointly invested by China Confucius Foundation, Radio and Television Station of Shandong Province and _ Shenzhenbased film and radio company.approvalaathe11Technological _ (develop) have also played their part in keeping Valentines Day relevant in the 21st century.12I fingered the bill with growing_ (excite)13The line which was created by Walt Disney Pictures has been made true through the _ (describe) of hundreds of world famous fairy tales and the creation of the world famous Disneyland fun parks.developmentsexcitementdescription14One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw _ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.15She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world; a world of smiles, love and _ (warm)anwarmth
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