辽宁省中考英语 考点聚焦 第33讲 宾语从句课件

第33讲宾语从句辽宁中考对宾语从句的考查是必考点。在单项选择题型中主要考查宾语从句的引导词辨析、语序和时态，句意辨析及三者的混合考查；偶尔在完形填空中涉及对宾语从句引导词的辨析；句子翻译题型中也会考查该知识点。宾语从句(2015年共考查11次，2014年共考查6次，2013年共考查11次)高频考向一宾语从句的引导词宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：We believe (that) he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否会来这儿。Sorry，I dont know whether he will come or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问学生他们正在做什么。【例1】Could you say it again？I cant understand _ you are talking about.Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich【解析】how和when在宾语从句中作状语，而此处宾语从句的引导词在宾语从句中作talk about的宾语，故排除A、B两项；what“什么”，which“哪一个”，由句意“我无法理解你正在谈论什么”可知应选what。答案：_【例2】 Could you tell me _ he came here?He drove here himself.Ahow Bwhy Cwhen Dwhether【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。how“怎样”，why“为什么”；when“什么时候”；whether“是否”。由答语“他是自己开车来这儿的”可知问句为“你能告诉我他是怎样来这儿的吗？”。答案：_CA高频考向二宾语从句的时态宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。【例3】 The official said that they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.Amakes Bwould makeCmade Dhave made【解析】主句的谓语动词said是过去式，因此从句也应用过去的某种时态，由时间状语the next year可知应用过去将来时。答案：_B高频考向三宾语从句的语序在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词主语谓语其他”。如：I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。注意：有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：Whats wrong with？Which is the way to？What happened to you？Whats the matter/trouble？Who studies the hardest in your class?do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：“Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me.She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。【例4】 Mom，summer holiday is coming.I wonder _.How about the Great Wall？(2015，朝阳)Ahow we can go Bhow can we goCwhere we can go Dwhere can we go【解析】由上句句意“我想知道我们能去哪儿？”以及下句句意“长城怎么样？”可知选择C或D；又因为宾语从句应用陈述语序，可知答案。答案：_C【例5】 Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you.Thanks.I wonder _.Awho the letter was fromBwho was from the letterCwho was the letter fromDwho from the letter was【解析】宾语从句应用陈述语序，即be动词、助动词和情态动词都应放在主语后。在此宾语从句中，主语是the letter，谓语was from应放在主语后，故排除选项B和C；选项D将from置于主语前，是错误的。句意：“嗨，布鲁斯。这儿有你的一封信。”“谢谢。我想知道这封信是谁寄来的。”答案：_A【例6】 Could you please tell me _？Yes，sure.(2015，鞍山二模)Aif there is a bookshop near hereBwhere can I buy a stampCwhen will the next bus arriveDyou like to eat what【解析】考查宾语从句的语序和引导词。句意为：“你可以告诉我_？”“当然可以。”A项为陈述句语序，意为“附近是否有一个书店”；B和C项为一般疑问句语序，不对；D项引导词位置不对。宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序。答案：_A高频考向四宾语从句的否定前移在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前面。如：I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。【注意】如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如：She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。【例7】 翻译：我认为明天不会下雨。I dont think it will rain tomorrow.高频考向五宾语从句的转化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如：I hope that I can see you again.I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为“疑问词不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should say.I dont know what to say.我不知道该说什么。当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词不定式”结构。如：Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldnt draw on the wall.Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票？有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构，常用动词find，think，make。如：I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.I find she is a good girl.I find her a good girl.由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如：We did what we could to help you.We did everything (that) we could to help you.Robert saw what Mr.Smith did.Robert saw everything (that) Mr.Smith did.【例8】 将下列句子改为简单句。The teacher told the boy he shouldnt spend too much time playing games.【解析】主句的谓语动词是tell，宾语从句的主语是主句的间接宾语，故从句可简化为不定式结构：tell sb.not to do sth.。答案：The teacher told the boy not to spend too much time playing games.