广东省深圳市中考英语 阅读理解解课件

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧中考英语阅读理解解题技巧考点解读考点解读 中学英语教学大纲把培养学生阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标，而阅读理解题是每次中考中分值最大的一类题。 它是通过文字获取信息以达到对作者的思想、观点、意图进行了解、认识和交流的目的。 旨在考查考生的英语运用能力及阅读理解能力。 新课标解读新课标解读 据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系 能预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料 能根据不同的阅读目的 运用简单的阅读策略获取信息 不借助词典能读懂含有3%左右生词的语言材料。能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略获取信息 命题依据命题依据 能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略快快速获取细节信息。速获取细节信息。能把握所读材料的能把握所读材料的中心思想和主要事实中心思想和主要事实。能把握所读材料的能把握所读材料的主要逻辑线索，事件和空间的主要逻辑线索，事件和空间的顺序。顺序。能根据上下文和构词法能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解词义。推断、理解词义。能根据上下能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点和意图。文理解作者的态度、观点和意图。能能找出找出文章中的文章中的主题主题，理解故事的情节，理解故事的情节，预测预测故故事情节的事情节的发展和结局。发展和结局。能力要求能力要求 预测能力快速阅读能力 整体理解能力快速准确获取关键信息能力把握全文主旨能力能力要求能力要求把握段落主旨能力对西方文化的理解能力句子结构和文章结构的理解能力 掌握一定的阅读词汇量 词语意义的理解能力题型特点题型特点 直观性问题 常识性问题 理解性问题 推理性问题 考点梳理考点梳理 中考对四篇文章的阅读理解能力要求中考对四篇文章的阅读理解能力要求 阅读量约阅读量约100词左右。根据题目要求，快速搜索信词左右。根据题目要求，快速搜索信息。所选文章多为应用文体息。所选文章多为应用文体,如：各种通知、海报、如：各种通知、海报、节目单、时刻表、校园学生活动安排等。节目单、时刻表、校园学生活动安排等。 阅读量约阅读量约200词左右。快速阅读，整体理解，根据词左右。快速阅读，整体理解，根据题目要求，不仅要理解细节，而且要理解主旨以及题目要求，不仅要理解细节，而且要理解主旨以及推测词义等。所选文章多为记叙文。如故事、人物、推测词义等。所选文章多为记叙文。如故事、人物、文化等。文化等。 阅读量约阅读量约250-300词左右。快速阅读，整体理解，词左右。快速阅读，整体理解，根据题目要求，不仅要理解细节、理解主旨以及推根据题目要求，不仅要理解细节、理解主旨以及推测词义，而且要理解深层含义、作者意图等。测词义，而且要理解深层含义、作者意图等。 阅读量约阅读量约200词左右。根据题目要求，快速提取关词左右。根据题目要求，快速提取关键信息，并要求一定的归纳能力。所选文章多为说键信息，并要求一定的归纳能力。所选文章多为说明文。如科普短文明文。如科普短文 ，使用说明等。，使用说明等。解题步骤解题步骤 一、先读问题，弄清考查要点一、先读问题，弄清考查要点二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌 三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词 四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案 主要题型主要题型 理解主旨大意（理解主旨大意（ To find out the main idea) 细节理解和细节判断细节理解和细节判断( To look for details) 猜测词义猜测词义( To guess the meaning) 推理判断题（推理判断题（ To infer a conclusion) 理解主旨大意理解主旨大意解题技巧：解题技巧：1抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想抓住段落大意，概括中心思想3抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心抓住主线和关键，归纳文章中心主旨题常见的命题形式：主旨题常见的命题形式：(1) Whats the main idea of the passage ?(2) This passage is mainly about.(3) The authors purpose in writing this text is.(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(5) Whats the topic of the text?典例：（典例：（2011年内江市中考卷）年内江市中考卷）63、Whats the main idea of the third paragraph?A、Many parents dont understand kids language in their blogs.B、Many parents are worried about these young bloggers.C、Many parents cant understand why their kids dont like studying.70、What is the passage about?A、Repairing old computers.B、Selling old computers.C、Recycling old computers.细节理解和细节判断细节理解和细节判断常考题型常考题型：1、是非题 2、例证题 3、年代与数字 4、比较 5、原因 6、事实排序题 7、直接信息题 8、间接信息题 9、综合信息题细节理解和细节判断细节理解和细节判断解题技巧：解题技巧：(1)细心审题，直接就题找答案。(2)变通理解，间接转述找答案。(3)多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解和细节判断细节理解和细节判断细节题常见的命题形式：细节题常见的命题形式： Which of the followingis True/Not True? In the passage, which of the following is mentioned? All of the following statements are true except Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. 用用Where, how, who, why, how long等引导的特殊疑问句等引导的特殊疑问句要求判断细节。要求判断细节。典例：典例： 65. Which of the following is NOT true? A. My brothers, my sisters and I would sometimes fight about which channel to watch when I was a child. B. These days, there is only one channel with old movies, cooking and fishing. C. People have many channels to choose from now. （2010年内江市中考卷年内江市中考卷）猜测词义题猜测词义题 解题技巧解题技巧： 1、通过因果关系猜测词义；、通过因果关系猜测词义；2、通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词；、通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词； 3、通过构词法猜测词义；、通过构词法猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；、通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；5、通过描述猜测词义；、通过描述猜测词义；6、用知识和生活经验猜测词义；、用知识和生活经验猜测词义；7、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。 猜测词义题猜测词义题常见命题形式如下常见命题形式如下：1）、）、The word “” in the passage probably means_.2）、）、What does the word “”mean_.3）、）、The underlined(划线的划线的) word means_4）、）、The close meaning of the underlined word“”is _in English .5）、）、The word “”refers to _典例：典例：69、In the 2nd paragraph, the close meaning of the underlined word “teased” is _in English . （2010年内江中考卷）年内江中考卷）A.hit B. criticized C. laughed at60.Whats the Chinese meaning of the underlined word fined?A. 罚款B. 给予 C. 奖励（2011年内江中考卷）年内江中考卷）推理判断题推理判断题 解题技巧：解题技巧： 与原文相同的细节不能选与原文相同的细节不能选文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断做推断 推理判断题推理判断题1、推理深层含义的常见命题形式如下：、推理深层含义的常见命题形式如下： We can infer from the passage that _ The writer suggest that _ From the passage, we can learn that _ We may conclude from the passage that _ From the passage, it can be inferred that _典例：典例：65We can learn the last paragraph that A. Its easy for many teenagers to give up blogging on the Internet.B. Its safe for many teenagers to put their personal information on the Internet.C. Its popular for many teenagers to use blogs on the Internet. （2011年内江市中考卷）年内江市中考卷）推理判断题推理判断题2、推理作者意图、观点、态度的常见命题方式如下：、推理作者意图、观点、态度的常见命题方式如下： The writers purpose in writing this story is In the writers opinion, a good school should What should be the right attitude towards “”? The writers attitude toward “” is 例文例文： We spent a day in the country picking wild flowers. With the car full of flowers we were going home. On our way back, my wife noticed a cupboard outside a shop. It was tall and narrow. “Buy it.” My wife said at once, “Well carry it home on the roof rack. Ive always wanted one like that.” What could I do? Ten minutes later, I was $20 poorer, and the cupboard was tied on the roof rack. From the passage, we can see that in fact the husband _the cupboard. A、thought it was worth buying B、believed they needed to buy C、was glad to have bought D、would rather not buy Whats a blog? A blog is a personal online diary(日记日记). Its cool, its hot, and everyone is doing it. People talk about it often. Sound like a fashion? In fact, Its another trend (流行趋势流行趋势). And the word blogger means a person who writes diaries online. Are you a blogger?Many bloggers are teenagers who log (进入进入) onto websites to discuss anything in their lives. Many of todays teenagers are not afraid to openly discuss everything in their lives. Teenagers complain about their parents and homework. They share diaries, post(发布发布) songs from the latest bands and show pictures of theirs. They write their own poems, say something about their girlfriends or boyfriends and complain to each other or offer support. But mostly they just write down what they do every day. However, many parents are worried about these young bloggers. Parents see the kids talking about how they got drunk last weekend and how they dont like studying. They are using the language that is surprising to their parents. Besides hearing from their friends, teen bloggers also get messages from strangers. Most of the time, its older men asking to meet teenage girls. These strange men are dangerous for my kids. They sometimes teach my kids bad words. said Cara Cabral, a mother of two children.Many teenagers and young adults know its not safe to use blogs on the Internet. They know they are putting information about themselves in a place where it can be seen by anyone. But teenagers are unwilling to give up these new communication tools that have become a way of life for many of them.61. The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph means _ . A. the fashion B. the Internet C. the blog62. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A. Teenagers dont tell about their personal life in their blogs. B. Teenagers mostly write down what they do every day in their blogs. C. Teenagers complain about their parents and homework in their blogs.63. Whats the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Many parents dont understand kids language in their blogs. B. Many parents are worried about these young bloggers. C. Many parents can understand why their kids dont like studying.64. Many parents think its _ for their children to get messages from strangers. A. dangerous B. interesting C. surprising65. We can learn from the last paragraph that _ A. Its easy for many teenagers to give up blogging on the Internet B. Its safe for many teenagers to put their personal information on the Internet C. Its popular for many teenagers to use blogs on the Internet