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名词的分类名词的数名词的格名词变形容词名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的词名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的词名词分类：名词分类：专有名词专有名词 : John, China, Beijing普通名词普通名词个体名词个体名词: teacher集体名词集体名词: family物质名词物质名词: tea抽象名词抽象名词: life可数可数不可数不可数Page 4 apple bananafish chinken meatsoapcakemilkchalkwatermelongluesouppeoplesandwichhot dogriverice-creambreadflourtoothpasteCNUNExercise 1名词复数：名词复数：+ss, x, ch, sh , + es 例外例外: stomachsf, fe ves 例外例外: roofs, beliefs 辅音辅音y ies以以o 结尾结尾 +s 例外例外:tomatoes,potatoes, heroes, Negroes规则规则不规则不规则改元音改元音单复数同形单复数同形总是用复数总是用复数词尾加词尾加s 复合名词单数变复数复合名词单数变复数一般情况一般情况Page 6可数名词 一个: a/an多个：A.规则变化1. 单数名词词尾加s mapmaps ，deskdesksboyboys ，tabletableshorsehorses /s/ 清辅音后/z/ 浊辅音和元音后/iz/ se,ce,ze,(d)ge结尾Page 72. s , x , sh , ch结尾的词加es. eg：classclasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, dishdishesA.规则变化/iz/Page 8A.规则变化 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。 以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s eg：familyfamilies , citycities, partyparties boyboys,toytoysPage 9A.规则变化 4.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。 eg：shelfshelves , wolfwolves , lifelives , knifeknives，leaf leaves, self-selves, shelf-shelves beliefbeliefs chiefchiefs proofproofs roofroofs giraffegiraffes The thieves wives cut the wolves into halves with the knives on the shelves, which lost their lives and lay on the dead leaves.贼婆子贼婆子+架子刀架子刀=半狼主义半狼主义=命如枯叶命如枯叶 Those Negroes are heroes, who like eating potatoes and tomatoes. 就算英雄是黑人，也爱番茄和土豆。就算英雄是黑人，也爱番茄和土豆。5,以以o 结尾结尾 +sPage 12不可数名词液：water,粉：flour肉：meat,抽：love膏：toothpaste特：money，chalk，大特殊！大特殊！单复意不同单复意不同 单复意相关单复意相关同义单复异同义单复异ash ash 灰灰air air 空气空气rain rain 雨，雨水雨，雨水custom custom 习惯习惯, , 风俗风俗mannermanner 方式方式 sand sand 沙沙 time time 时间时间 workwork 工作工作 spiritspirit 精神精神 water water 水水 ashesashesairs airs rainsrainscustomscustomsmannersmannerssandssandstimestimesworks works spiritsspiritswaterswaters骨灰骨灰风度风度雨季雨季海关海关, ,关税关税礼貌礼貌沙滩沙滩时代时代工厂工厂 烈酒烈酒海域海域有些名词的单数和复数意义不同有些名词的单数和复数意义不同 :有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass ( glass ( 玻璃玻璃 ) )paper ( paper ( 纸纸 ) )iron ( iron ( 铁铁 ) )wood (wood (木头木头 ) )gold (gold (金子金子 ) )youth (youth (青春青春 ) )power ( power ( 力量力量 ) )beauty ( beauty ( 美美 ) )pleasure ( pleasure ( 愉快愉快 ) )experience(experience(经验经验) ) a glassa glassa papera paperan iron an iron a wood a wood a golda golda youth a youth a power a power a beauty a beauty a pleasurea pleasurean experiencean experience( ( 玻璃杯玻璃杯 ) )( ( 报纸报纸, ,论文论文 ) )( (熨斗熨斗 ) )( ( 树林树林 ) )( (金牌金牌 ) )( (年青人年青人 ) )( ( 大国大国 ) )( ( 美人美人) )( (使人愉快的事使人愉快的事) )( (经历经历) ) 英语中有许多对名词，一个可数，一个不可数。英语中有许多对名词，一个可数，一个不可数。a poem a poem ( (一首诗一首诗 ) )a machine a machine ( (一台机器一台机器 ) )a job a job ( (一件工作一件工作 ) )a laugh a laugh ( (一个笑声一个笑声 ) )a loafa loaf ( (一只面包一只面包 ) )a hair a hair ( (一根头发一根头发 ) )poetry poetry ( (诗歌总称诗歌总称) )machinerymachinery( (机器总称机器总称) )work work ( (工作工作 ) )laughter laughter ( (笑声笑声) )bread bread ( (面包面包 ) )hair hair ( (头发头发) )其他不规则变化其他不规则变化 1.man:menwomwome en; chairmn; chairme en n2.oo:ee f fee eet; tooth-tt; tooth-tee eeth; goose-gth; goose-gee eese se3.+en child-childrchild-childrenen; ox-ox; ox-oxenen4.ouse:ice mouse-mice 5.单复数相同单复数相同6.复合名词：复合名词：film-goerfilm-goers s; ; grown-upgrown-ups s sheep; deer; means; species; fish; sheep; deer; means; species; fish; Japanese; Chinese; Swiss; works; Japanese; Chinese; Swiss; works; yuanyuan ; ; jinjin1) 1)词末词末+-s:+-s: 2)2)主体名词变为复数形式：主体名词变为复数形式： passerpassers s-by-by looker lookers s-on; editor-on; editors s-in-chief; son-in-chief; sons s-in-law-in-law名词的格 普通格：主格、宾格 所有格：s vs of s 与 of 的区别 双重所有格 省略式S 形式 s形式概述 特殊用法S 概述 主要用于有生命的东西 一般在词尾加s 如有复数词尾-s，则只加特殊用法（1） 表示时间：an hour s drive 表示由人组成的集体：our government s policy 表示国家、城市等地方：Beijing s environment 表示某些机构活动等：the school s history 习语：for friendship s sake特殊用法（2） 表示类别：a doctor s degree 表示动作的执行者：our teacher s praise 表示动作的承受者： children s education OF 形式 无生命的东西（不能用s 时）：the advantages of using computers 有生命的东西（定语较长时）：the support of the people all over the worldS 与OF 的区别 s表示有生命的东西，或与人有关的时间、地点、机构等名词 of表示无生命的东西 s表示类别或属性 名词后有定语时，只能用of 名词为the+adj时，只能用of双重所有格 名词前有一个数量词或一个指示代词that时，要用双重所有格：1.some books of the teachers2.that smile of the boys注：不能与定冠词the连用。省略式 注意：以下情况可以省略所有格后的名词This is not my book, but Xiao Lins. Im going to the tailors.名词变形容词1.部分名词后加-y构成形容词，表示“具有的”。 cloud cloudy; 2.部分分词后加-ful 构成形容词，表示“的性质”。 use useful; 3.有些名词后加-less 构成形容词，表示“没有的”。 care careless; 4.有些名词后加-ous 构成形容词，表示“具有性质的”。 danger dangerous; 5.一些物质名词的后面加-en构成形容词。 wood wooden; sun health care thank use hope fame gold wool sunnyhealthycarefulthankfuluselesshopelessfamousgoldenwoolen用所给名词的适当形式填空用所给名词的适当形式填空:1. Look! There are a lot of _(leaf) on the ground.2. There are a few _(people) in the room.3. I want two _(glass) of _ (milk).4. I have a lot of _ (money) in my pocket.5. People wear shoes on their _ (foot).6. The _ ( woman) teachers are playing basketball.7. There are some _ (dumpling) on the plate.8. Tom is at the _ (doctor).9. Can you tell us the differences between buildings and _ (house)?10.The first room is the _(teacher) office.leavespeopleglassesmilkmoneyfeetwomendumplingsdoctorshousesteachers中考连线中考连线:1.He had a _ visit to Canada last month. (02SZ) A. ten days B. ten-day C. ten-days D. ten day2. Will you please make _ for the woman with a baby? (05SZ) - Sure. Take my seat, please. A. rooms B. the rooms C. a room D. some room3. _mothers made them have piano lessons. (01SZ) A. Peter and Anne B. Peters and Annes C. Peters and Anne D. Peter and Annes4. Let the children go away. Theyre making too much _ here. (02 Shenyang) A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds_1. Can I help you, sir? -Yes, Id like five _ and some peas. A. potato B. tomatoes C. meat D. banana (2004.长沙长沙)2. would you like something to drink, _ or coffee? -Coffee, please. A. fruit B. tea C. meat D. bread (2004.北京海淀区北京海淀区)3. I have four _ and two _. A. boys friends, girl friend B. boy friends, girls friend C. boy friends, girl friends C. boys friend, girls friend4. Football is a popular _ around the world. A. match B. goal C. game D. play (2004. 安徽安徽)_
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