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主主 谓谓 一一 致致 概念概念: : 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则语法一致原则： 指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式;反之反之,谓谓语动词用复数形式语动词用复数形式. Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.意义一致原则：意义一致原则： 指谓语动词的单指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的复数要取决于主语所表达的概念概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记而不取决于表面上的语法标记. 指主语形式上指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.就近一致原则：就近一致原则： 指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致. Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 提提 示：示：一般说来一般说来, ,究竟何时采用何种原则究竟何时采用何种原则, ,应应视英语习惯用法而定视英语习惯用法而定. .但在实际使用但在实际使用中中, ,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时, ,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法的方法. .名词作主语名词作主语 1. 单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk is Toms. Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. 2. 2. 某些集体名词，如某些集体名词，如family, team, clubfamily, team, club， classclass，publicpublic， groupgroup等作主语时，如果作为一等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 3. 3. 某些集体名词，如某些集体名词，如people, police, people, police, clothes clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必 须用复数。须用复数。 The police are searching for the thief. 4. 4. 单、复数同形的名词如单、复数同形的名词如 sheep, deer,sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese fish, Chinese, Japanese 主语时，谓主语时，谓 语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 5. 5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。 The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：常见的省略名词有：the bakersthe bakers（面包房）（面包房）, the , the barbersbarbers（理发店）（理发店）, the Zhangs, the Zhangs（张家）等。（张家）等。 注注: the : the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。 The Greens are having breakfast now. 6. 6. 表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：数形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pantsglasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。等。 The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table. 但如果主语用但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series ofa kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes was under the desk. Two pairs of shoes were under the desk. 7 7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。词用单数形式。 The United States lies in North America. 8 8news news ，mathsmaths，physics physics ，politicspolitics等词貌等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数. . No news is good news. Maths is very popular in our class 连接词连接的名词作主语连接词连接的名词作主语 1 1 用用andand或或bothandbothand连接并列主语，谓语动词连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。通常用复数形式。 Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 例例 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. 注注：A A：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或：并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或 同一概念时，同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。谓语动词用单数形式。否则，用复数。 这种情况常有两种结构形这种情况常有两种结构形式：式： a.+n.+and+na.+n.+and+n，指的是同一个人或物；，指的是同一个人或物； a.+n.+anda.+n.+and + +a.+na.+n. .，指两个人或物，指两个人或物。 B B：由：由andand连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, 等等修饰时，结构是修饰时，结构是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其谓语动词，其谓语动词要用单数形式。要用单数形式。 2 2当主语后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, includingbesides, including, ,等引导的词组时，其谓语动等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。 (1) The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. (2) The women with two children is my aunt(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football (4) The students ,including their teacher, are going to the brave man.(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes soprts.(6) Mr. Li besides his sons likes sports. 3以以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接的名词（代词）作等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。则。 Either you or he is to go. Not one but all of us are hoping to be there. 4. There be 结构，依据就近一致原则结构，依据就近一致原则。 There is a book , two pens on the desk.There are two pens , a book in the desk.代词作主语代词作主语 1 1名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our Party) is a great party. Your shoes are black, and mine(=my shoes) are brown. 2 2关系代词关系代词who, that, whichwho, that, which等在定语从句中作主语等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 3 3疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。则谓语动词用单数。 Who is your brother?Who are League members? (1) Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. (7) Each of the pens costs three dollars. (8) Nobody was in. 4不定代词不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主语，谓语动词用单数。作主语，谓语动词用单数。 分数和量词作主语分数和量词作主语 1由由“a lot of, lots of ，plenty of, all of, most of, some of, half of, (a) part of, rest of”构成的短语作主语构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致后面的名词的数保持一致. (1) Lots of damage was caused by fire. Lots of students are waiting outside.(2) All of the food is ready. All of the workers are working. (3) Part of the work has been done by us . Part of the students have gone. 2 2表示数量的表示数量的one and a halfone and a half后，名词要用复数形后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. 3 表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。单数形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 4分数分数(百分数百分数)+of +名词名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于数取决于of后面的名词的数。后面的名词的数。 Ten percent of the apples were bad . 注意注意: population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。 The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants 5a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School is over 100. a number of them are young. 名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语 如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词”结构担任表示一类结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有： the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb. The rich often help the poor.从句，动词不定式，动名词作主语从句，动词不定式，动名词作主语 1由由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。词一般用复数形式。 What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 2 2动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。用单数形式。 To see is to believeDoing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 2在定语从句中主语是关系代词在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 注意：在注意：在“one of +复数名词复数名词+ who/that/which”引引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于于one前是否前是否有有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。就用复数形式。 (1) This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. (2) He was the only one of the students who was late for school. 1：Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. is C. are D. has 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are 3. Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe SquareA. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer D. is a number of deersDBDA5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters. because it is faster.A. prefer, to writing B. prefer，to writeC. prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began .A. was B. is C. are D. were7：Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. were B. is C. are D. was8. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years.A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，fiveAABB9. Look, here come some _.A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow10. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited.A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made11. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. is B. was C. are D. were12. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are13. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A. is B. was C. are D. were CCBDB14. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also15. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B16. The paper for books and new papers _ made of wood.A. are B. is C. has D. have17. _ of them has his own opinion.A. Both B. Some C. Every D. EachBDBD18. Not only my brother but also I_ good at painting. Both of us _good painters.A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is19. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted.A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has20. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; isBCB21. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was 22. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _ textbooks.A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is23. He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.A. has come; have come B. have come; has comeC. has come; has come D. have come; have come24. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; IsACBB25. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are26. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were27. The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him.A. both B. none C. neither D. all28. How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library _ not been decided.A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; haveCBCA 29. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.A. is B. are C. were D. was 30. Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A. is B. are C. were D. be 31. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; isDAA32. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is33. Most of the houses _ this year.A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built34. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.A. is B. are C. were D. wasADDTerrific!Terrific!Congratulations!Congratulations!
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