资源描述
专题十 虚拟语气的用法 1.英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气.2.2. 定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的的情况，是一种愿望，建议，假设的语情况，是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气。气。一、虚拟语气定义一、虚拟语气定义二、虚拟语气的考点二、虚拟语气的考点 1 1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；5 5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。1. If I knew his telephone number, I would call him now.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made the same mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we would do it, if we planned it in advance.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与未来事实相反与未来事实相反时时 间间 If 条件句条件句主主 句句现在现在if+主语主语+did(be用用were)would should + do sthcouldmight过去过去 if+主语主语+had donewould should + have done sthcouldmight将来将来 did (were ) should do were to dowould should + do sthcouldMight考题点击：考题点击： 1. If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new manager working in the office. A.should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; might2. If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrivedIf he _，he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken3.4. If I were you, I _ buy the house right now. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. cant5. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 6. I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go7. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented2 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 条件从句中含有条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。省略。Were I you, I would give it up. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.Should there be a flood, what should we do?1. _the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive错综时间的条件句错综时间的条件句 从句与主句发生的时间不同，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。 2. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 3. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。宾语从句。常见动词：常见动词：一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order, command 三个建议：三个建议：advise, suggest, propose四个要求：四个要求：demand , require, request, desire, ask 宾语从句中的动词宾语从句中的动词 使用使用should + should + 动词原形，动词原形，或者将或者将shouldshould省略省略。 My demand is that she _ (come) to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (be)closed down. He suggested that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. Its suggested that we (go)out for a picnic together every year.(should ) go(should) come(should) be(should ) go表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句注意注意： 如如suggest用于用于“暗示、表明暗示、表明”, insist用于用于 “坚持认为坚持认为”时时，宾语从，宾语从句句 用用陈述语气陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.2.He insisted that she was seriously ill and that be sent to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we have a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he was ill. 2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句也要以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句也要使用虚拟语气。形式一样。使用虚拟语气。形式一样。order, advice, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire desire 等等1. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.2. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish + 宾语从句宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来： did/werehad donewould/could/might + do. shouldI wish I were a bird. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. I WISH EVERY DAY _ (BE) MY BIRTHDAY.wereI wish/wished I _( eat ) so much watermelon.hadnt eaten2）would rather + that 现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来： I would rather you paid me now. (现在现在) I would rather you had gone, too. (过去过去) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来未来)did (were)过去时 didhad done3） as if /though + 从句从句现在：过去：did (were)had done They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.Its abouthigh time +that -should +V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5）without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。(but for要不是要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.考题点击：考题点击：1.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D 2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scoredD3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have been begun C. had not begun D. would not have begunD6）If only (要是要是就好了就好了) 相当于相当于wishIf only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!三、三、 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1. 错综条件虚拟语气，错综条件虚拟语气，主句和从句的谓语动主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。词要依照假设的时间而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.陈述语气与虚拟语气陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题典型例题1) The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2) - Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been was B. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would beB该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是 will be put off。真。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用 would have called, 从从句中与过去相反的动词形式为句中与过去相反的动词形式为 had done；答句中表示；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。A高考题点击高考题点击3) You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 4) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(02 上海) A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall前句用的是陈述语气，表示过去发生的事；后句是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反。BB该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气，而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的 Melinda Cox Library，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。” 经典题目经典题目5. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A.asked would know B.had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would know6. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherCD7. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenBC- Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. mustnt10. Its half past eleven. Its high time _ home. A. well B. wed C. were going D. we wentBD11. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97) A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrivedC4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。考题点击：考题点击：1. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. have D. had hadBCB、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：基本句型：a. It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do b. It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative c. It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDBC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 考题点击：考题点击：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryA PRACTICEFINISH A WRITING PASSAGE, ACCORDING TO THE CHINESE GIVEN. JIM刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了。妈妈也因为儿子没有按时睡觉而在责备他。同时JIM也在遗憾下周的运动会不能参加了，预想的400米冠军也不能得到了。 PRACTICECOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE WITH THE VERBS IN BRACKETS,USING THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regrets what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He (not wake up) so late that morning if he _ (not stay up) late the night before playing computer games. wouldnt have woken uphadnt stayed up Jims mother agreed:”If my son _(get up) half an hour earlier, he _ (not ride) his bike so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _ _(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he _(spend) more time on his way to school and he _(not hit)a tree by the street.”had got upwouldnt have riddenhadfollowedcould have spentwouldt have hit “Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice. “ But you know if I _(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I_( knock) her down. My leg_ (not injure),and instead of me the girl _(take)to hospital.hadnt noticedwould have knockedwouldhave been injuredwould have been taken Lying in bed, Jim kept on saying “ How I wish I_ (be) more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim _(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it _(be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _(join) them the next week.had beenwould foundwould becould join Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regrets what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He (not wake up) so late that morning if he_hadnt stayed up_(not stay up) late the night before playing computer games. Jims mother agreed:”If my son_had got up_(get up) half an hour earlier, he_wouldnt have ridden_(not ride) his bike so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _had followed_(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he could have spent more time (spend) on his way to school and he _wouldt have hit _(not hit)a tree by the street.” Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice.” But you know if I_hadnt noticed_(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I_would have knocked _( knock) her down. My leg_wouldhave been injured_(not injure),and instead of me the girl_would have been taken _(take)to hospital. Lying in bed,J im kept on saying”How I wish I_had been _(be)more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim_would found_(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it would be (be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _could join_(join) them the next week.wouldnt have woken upwouldnt have woken up
展开阅读全文