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UNIT 3 UNDERSTANDING EACH OTHERUnits 2-3 词汇、重点句复习：背诵童谣向.朗诵诗歌钻石的各个侧面诗人表达的感情节奏模式针线把别墅转变成美术馆recite nursery rhymesrecite poems to sbeach aspect of the diamond the emotions conveyed the rhythmic pattern thread and needletransform the cottage into an art galleryby the poet传统的翻译模式令我极为悲伤的是大量的圆规一大群麻雀traditional translation patternsto ones great sorrowloads of compassesa large crowd of sparrows年轻人们总是很关注环境问题。年轻人们总是很关注环境问题。Adolescents are always concerned with environmental issues.concern vt.1.关于；对关于；对有关系有关系Attend to what concerns you. 注意与你有关的事物。注意与你有关的事物。This concerns us deeply. 这事对我们关系极大。这事对我们关系极大。This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。2.担心；担忧；挂念担心；担忧；挂念Were rather concerned about fathers health. 我们相当担心父亲的健康。我们相当担心父亲的健康。3.常与常与with, about, in连用）关心；关照连用）关心；关照to concern oneself with public work 关心公众事务关心公众事务Were rather concerned about fathers health. 我们相当担心父亲的健康。我们相当担心父亲的健康。n.1.有利害关系；所关切的事有利害关系；所关切的事Its no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。这事与我无关。The managing directors only concern was how to improve the quality of their products. 总经理心里想的全是如何提高产总经理心里想的全是如何提高产品质量。品质量。2.关心；关怀；关照关心；关怀；关照a nurses concern for a sick man 护士对病人的关心护士对病人的关心3.担心；担忧担心；担忧She showed great concern about you. 她很为你担心。她很为你担心。烟酒和毒品都能使人自动上瘾。Cigarettes, alcohol and drugs can all make people automatically addicted to drugs 你的判断必须建立在你对基本事实的理解力基础上。这些瘾君子们冒着感染艾滋病的危险给自己注射毒品。These addicts are injecting drugs into their bodies at the risk of getting infected with AIDS.Your judgment must be based on your comprehension of some basic facts. 没有证据显示蚊子会传播艾滋病。There is no evidence that mosquitoes can spread HIV.覆水难收。It is no use crying over split milk.他在伸手拿最后一包烟。He is reaching for the last packet of cigarettes.工人们把当代艺术品都装上了船要运往国外去。The workers loaded the ship with the contemporary arts to send them abroad. 研究一下近年来的高考试卷研究一下近年来的高考试卷可以发现，含可以发现，含 it 的句型几乎年年的句型几乎年年考到。可见考到。可见 it 句型的重要性和使句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。现根据其用法特点用的普遍性。现根据其用法特点可归纳为下列几个句型。可归纳为下列几个句型。 1. 1. It is + It is + 被强调部分被强调部分 + + that .that . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，语如果是人，that that 可以由可以由 who who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was in the street that I met her father. 2. 2. It is not until + It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + + that .that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直直到到才才”，可以说是，可以说是 not . until . not . until . 的强调形式。的强调形式。 He didnt find he had his wallet stolen until he got off the bus. Not until he got off the bus did he find he had his wallet stolen. It was not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen. Was it not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen? When was it that he found he had his wallet stolen? 3. 3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certainIt is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that ) that 该句型中该句型中it it 是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是 that that 引导的主语从句，引导的主语从句，常译为常译为 “ 清楚（显然，真的，肯定）清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”是主语从句常见的一种结是主语从句常见的一种结构。构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that .that . that that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + should + 动词原形），动词原形），should should 可省去。可省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. 5. It is said (reported, learnedIt is said (reported, learned) that ) that 该句型中的该句型中的it it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是 that that 引导的主语从引导的主语从句。该结构常译为句。该结构常译为“ 据说（据报道，据悉据说（据报道，据悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another man-made satellite has been It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbitput into orbit7. 7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 1 1。该句型中，。该句型中，that that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + should + 动词动词原形），原形），should should 可省去可省去, ,表示出乎意料，常译为表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然竟然”。 2 2。注意：没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。注意：没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！他生病了，真遗憾！ 6. 6. It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that .It is suggested ( ordered, required . ) that . 主句表示请求，建议，命令等词时，主句表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that that 从句要用虚拟语气从句要用虚拟语气（should + should + 动词原形），动词原形），should should 可以省。可以省。 “ 据建议；有命据建议；有命令）令）”。 It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we arrive there in two hours. It was ordered that we arrive there in two hours. 8. 8. It is time ( about time , high time ) that .It is time ( about time , high time ) that . 该句型中该句型中that that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，后的从句应该用虚拟语气， 常用常用过去时态过去时态表示表示虚拟虚拟 有时也用有时也用should + should + 动词原形动词原形，should should 不能省。常译为不能省。常译为“是（正是）是（正是）的时侯的时侯”。 It is time that children should go to bed. It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. 9. It is the first ( second It is the first ( second ) time that ) time that 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that that 从句不用虚从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。该结构中拟语气，而用完成时态。该结构中 that that 可以省去；可以省去；it it 有时用有时用 this this 替换，常译为替换，常译为“是第一（二）是第一（二）次次”。 It is the first time I have been here. It is the first time I have been here. = = This is the first time I have been here. This is the first time I have been here. It is ten years since he returned to his hometown.It was ten years ago that he returned to his hometown.It was 1990 when he returned to his hometown.It is in 1990 that he returned to his hometown.He went abroad in 1980. It was ten years before he returned to his hometown. 10. It is since . 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. 11. It is . when . 该句型中的该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当当的时候，的时候，是是”。 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 12. It be . before . 该句型主句中的该句型主句中的 it 指时间指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“之后之后”。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens that. 主句中的主句中的happen是不及物动词是不及物动词 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧碰巧 14. It takes sb. to do sth. “做做要花费某人要花费某人”。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 主句中的表语可以是主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. 该句型中该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否）不论（是否） 没关系没关系。 It doesnt matter if they are old. 主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的错误的)等。等。 这个句型可这个句型可以改写为：以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. You are kind to say so. 18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 不定式的逻辑主语由不定式的逻辑主语由for 引起，形容词通常表示引起，形容词通常表示重要性，紧迫重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况。常见的形容词有：情况。常见的形容词有： 如：如：It is important for her to come to the party. It is important that she (should ) come to the party 19. It seems/appears that 看来看来 It seems/appears that he will be back in a few days. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中该句型中it 无意义。无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，引导一个状语从句。常译为，“看看起来好象起来好象 如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）真的病了） It seemed as if he were dying.(虚拟语气虚拟语气) 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 当不定式、动名词、当不定式、动名词、that that 从从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要 用用it it 作形式宾语，而把真正作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。如：的宾语后置。如：Marx found it important Marx found it important to study the situation in Russiato study the situation in Russia. .The fisherman made it a ruleThe fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net that he never cast his net more than four times a daymore than four times a day. .The ancient people took it for granted The ancient people took it for granted that the earth was that the earth was flatflat. .We think it necessary We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to reading aloud every morning to improve our Englishimprove our English. .能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, think, make, find, consider, feel, takeconsider, feel, take等。等。owe it to owe it to sbsb. that. that把把归功于归功于 leave it to leave it to sbsb that that把把留给某人去做留给某人去做 take it for granted that take it for granted that 想当然想当然 keep it in mind thatkeep it in mind that 例例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
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