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直接引语：直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话直接引述别人的原话. .直直接引语的前后必须加引号接引语的前后必须加引号。间接引语：间接引语： 转述别人的话。转述别人的话。间接引间接引语前后不加引号。语前后不加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句He says,“I leave my book in your room”He said that he left his book in your room.人称变化规则人称变化规则时态变化规则时态变化规则不变不变句型转换规则句型转换规则其他变化其他变化练习练习强化训练强化训练）人称的变化）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二随宾二随宾第三第三人称人称不更不更新新引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称在变间引后去人称不变称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennisHe said to Lily,“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me ,“ They want tohelp him”She told me that That they wanted help him一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新1Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermy11. We want you to take a message for her. said the Greens.The Greens told me that wanted to take a message for .theyme her2.Are you willing to lend us a hand? she said to him.She asked him whether was willing to lend a hand.hethem22) 2) 时态的变化时态的变化He says, I will do it tomorrow”He says that he will do it tomorrow. 如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是现在时现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化需变化如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变要做出相应的改变2直接引语时态直接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时222Practice :. John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” John said that he _ reading adventure stories. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” She told me that she _ my CD player. He said, “Ill come here this morning.” He said he_ go there that morning. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _ his homework. . He said, “they are playing games over there?” He said that they_ playing games over there.likedhad brokenwouldhad finishedwere2直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语变间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变直接引语间接引语 can may shall/will neednt must ought tocouldmightshould/woulddidnt have tomustought to2直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变. .直接引语若表示的是直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理客观事实或真理时，时，变间接引语时时态不变变间接引语时时态不变. .当引语中的时间状语表示当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间过去某一具体时间时，时，谓语动词时态不需改变谓语动词时态不需改变如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述是发生在如果直接引语要变为间接引语，转述是发生在当天当地当天当地，那么直接引语中的，那么直接引语中的 comecome、herehere、tomorrowtomorrow、this morningthis morning、todaytoday、yesterdayyesterday等等不必改变不必改变31.Our teacher said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.”Our teacher said that light_ much faster than sound.travelsgraduatedMy brother said that he _ in 1966.graduated31.The teacher said to the students, “The earth is round.” 2. My father said to me, “I was born in 1961.”3. He said,” I will come here this evening.” 4. This morning he said,” Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow.” The teacher told the students that the earth is round.My father told me that he was born in 1961.He said he would come here this evening. This morning he said that he was leaving for Beijing tomorrow.3直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：1 1）陈述句）陈述句2 2）祈使句）祈使句3 3） 疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）41.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时， 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that 4解题步骤解题步骤: : 1.1.陈述句陈述句: :“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Sarah442.祈使句祈使句 直接引语是祈使句，在直接引语是祈使句，在直接引语前加上直接引语前加上 “to”改为动词不改为动词不定式，引述动词为定式，引述动词为tell，order，ask等。其他变化同上。等。其他变化同上。4He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”The teacher said, “Dont talk any more.”He asked me to go there the next day.The teacher told us not to talk any more.44一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 42.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.4特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 43.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.4选择疑问句选择疑问句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 455nowthenTodayThat dayTonightThat nightAgoBefore/earlierYesterdayThe day beforeLast nightThe night beforeTomorrowThe next/following dayNext weekThe next/following weekThe day after tomorrowIn two days timeThe day before yesterdayTwo days before/earlier 时间状语时间状语:5 指示代词指示代词 this / / thesethese that / those51. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise I3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B.B. he had walkedthat week C. C. I walkedlast week D. D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here 10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise引语前为现将时，去掉引号变从句。引语前为现将时，去掉引号变从句。人称、数、格要改动，时态不变别忘记。人称、数、格要改动，时态不变别忘记。引语前为过去时，变为从句请注意：引语前为过去时，变为从句请注意：时态向前一时态向前一“档档”移，无需变化唯真理。移，无需变化唯真理。指示代词须变换，人称、数、格要一致。指示代词须变换，人称、数、格要一致。时、地状语相应变，当时当地留原词。时、地状语相应变，当时当地留原词。如遇一般（选择、反意）疑问句，如遇一般（选择、反意）疑问句，whether、if作连词。作连词。若逢特殊疑问句，照用原句疑问词。若逢特殊疑问句，照用原句疑问词。其他变化同上述，语序改为陈述句。其他变化同上述，语序改为陈述句。引语若是祈使句，加引语若是祈使句，加“to”变为不定式。变为不定式。谓语动词酌情变，按照句意用宾语。谓语动词酌情变，按照句意用宾语。掌握方法灵活用，熟能生巧难变易。掌握方法灵活用，熟能生巧难变易。
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