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第 8 讲 动词的时态和语态一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词1play _ _ _ _playing2go _ _ _ _3study _ _ _ _studying4have _ _ _ _having5find _ _ _ _6teach _ _ _ _playsplayed playedgoinggoeswentgonestudiesstudiedstudiedhashadhadfindingfindsfoundfoundteachingteachestaught taught7put _ _ _ _8speak _ _ _ _9learn _ _ _ _10feel _ _ _ _feeling二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1Dont be noisy.Mum _ (talk) with the guest in thesitting room.is talking2When _ you _ (buy) the e-dictionary? Last month.3Why didnt you come and open the door for me, dear?Oh, sorry.I _ (cook) in the kitchen.I didnt hearyou.was cookingputtingputsputputspeakingspeaksspokespokenlearninglearnslearned/learntlearned/learntfeltfeelsfeltdidbuy4He _ (join) us in the discussion tomorrow. 5 Henry speaks Chinese very well.He _ (be) in Chinasince ten years ago.has been6 Cindy will never drive the car because she _ (hate)driving.hates7English _ (speak) in many countries. 8 These magazines must not _ (take) out of thereading room.be taken9You _ (laugh) at if you wear that dress.10What _ (happen) in this area last night?happenedwill joinis spokenwill be laughed三、将下列主动语态改为被动语态1Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination._2We must finish the work by six oclock this afternoon._3Do you often clean your room?_4Could you carry out the plan on time?_5They gave him a medal for his wonderful work._You will be told how to prepare for the examination bysomeone.The work must be finished by us by six oclock this afternoon.Is your room often cleaned by you?Could the plan be carried out on time?He was given a medal by them for his wonderful work./Amedal was given to him by them for his wonderful work.时态用法构成时间状语例句 一般现在时表示现在的状态；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等；表示客观真理 主语是第三 人称单数时 用动词的第 三人称单数 形式，其他 情况用动词原形sometimes, often,usually, always,never, in the morning/afternoon/ evening, at noon,every day, onSunday(s), at seven等He plays socceron Sundays.星期天他踢足球。Light travelsfaster thansound. 光速比音速快。动词的时态动词的时态常考的各种时态的用法及构成 一般过去时 表示过去曾 经发生的动作或存在的 状态 动词的过去 式 yesterday, last night(Monday, week,month, year), in 2010, three monthsago, just now 等I was at the library yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我在图书馆。 一般将来时 表示将来发 生的动作或 存在的状态 shall/will 动词原形； be going to 动词原形 tomorrow, next year,in two years, from now on, in the future等They are going to have a sportsmeeting in a week.他们一周后要举行运动会。 现在进行时 表示说话时或现阶段正 在进行或发生的动作is/am/are 动词的现在 分词(v.-ing) now, at the moment, at present, these days 等We are havingan English classnow.我们现在正在上英语课。 过去进行时 表示过去某 个时刻或某 一阶段正在 进行或发生 的动作 was/were 动词的现在 分词at this time yesterday, at 9 last night, then 等They werewatching TV at7 last night.昨晚七点他们正在看电视。现在完成时表示过去发作对现在造成的影响和结果；表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态have/has分词already, just, yet,生的某一动时间点/一般过去时的从句， eversince, so far, in thepast/last.years 等They haveknown eachfor时间段， sincecame to thisschool.他们自从来到这所学校就相互认识了。ever, never, before,other since they动词的过去注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移动的动词可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如：She is leaving for Hong Kong tonight.今晚她将动身去香港。动词的第三人称单数1一般情况直接加-s。如：looklooks readreads stopstops2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加-es。如：missmisses fixfixeswatchwatcheswashwashesdodoes3辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-es。如：carrycarrieshurryhurries crycries4be 动词的三种形式：am, is, are5特殊：havehas动词的过去式和过去分词1规则动词：(1)一般情况直接加-ed。如：cleancleaned rainrained watchwatched(2)以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，只加-d。如：likeliked livelived movemoved(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped dropdropped planplanned(4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应变 y 为 i 再加-ed。 如：studystudied carrycarried crycried2不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律性不强，只能分别记忆。(请参看九年级英语课本最后一页)动词的现在分词1一般情况在词尾加-ing。如：dodoing studystudying listenlistening2以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加-ing。如：havehaving makemaking3以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing。如：beginbeginning runrunning getgetting4以字母 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加-ing。如：diedying lielying现在完成时中的一些重要用法1短暂性动词和延续性动词短暂性动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于 how long引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。如：borrowkeepbuyhavediebe deadjoinbe a member of/be inbegin/startbe onfinish/endbe overcome/go/arrivebe in/atleavebe away (from)becomebeopenbe openclosebe closedsleepbe asleepmarrybe marriedreturnbe backget upbe up2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别(1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人还未回来。如：Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青岛了吗？(2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。如：She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾经去过上海。(3)have/has been in 强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间连用。如：He has been in Shanghai for ten years.他在上海十年了。3现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作，与现在无关。如：He has studied English for five years.他学英语五年了。(说明他现在还在学)He studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。(只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在学不学就不知道了)(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。被动语态被动语态动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。中考考纲只要求考生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的构成1一般现在时的被动语态：肯定句：主语am/is/are过去分词否定句：主语am/is/arenot过去分词一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语过去分词？2一般过去时的被动语态：肯定句：主语was/were过去分词否定句：主语was/werenot过去分词一般疑问句：Was/Were主语过去分词？3一般将来时的被动语态：肯定句：主语will/shallbe过去分词否定句：主语will/shallnotbe过去分词一般疑问句：Will/Shall主语be过去分词？4含有情态动词的被动语态：肯定句：主语情态动词be过去分词否定句：主语情态动词notbe过去分词一般疑问句：情态动词主语be过去分词？被动语态的用法1当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑昨晚被盗了。This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥于 1981 年竣工。2需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打碎的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。3当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。The window was blown open by wind.窗户被风吹开了。4表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that 从句”句型。这类句型有：It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.大家相信5为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态。如：Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.苹果对健康有益，几乎被所有人喜欢。When he was five, he was taught how to swim.五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。6文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如：Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略 are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)注意：不及物动词(短语)happen/take place, appear, disappear,come true, come out 等无被动语态。主动语态表示被动意义1 系动词系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。如：The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。The flowers look beautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。2动词不定式动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：I have a lot of homework to do every day.我每天都有很多作业要做。I have a letter to write.我有一封信要写。3need doing (need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Our house needs painting.Our house needs to be painted.我们的房子需要粉刷了。( )1.(2011 年广东)Alan, its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her.CAwaitedCam waitingBhave waitedDwas waiting解析：由题意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示现在，故用现在进行时。()2.(2011 年广东)People who drink wine _ to driveafter May Day.D解析：题意：“5.1”节之后喝了酒的人不(可以)被允许开车。由题意可知应用被动语态，B 项主谓不一致，故选 D。Adont allowBisnt allowedCmustnt allowDmustnt be allowed()3.(2011 年广东)Our math teacher _ in our school解析：题意：我们数学老师在我们学校教书 20 年了，当他23 岁的时候他就来到这里了。由 for 20 years 可知，动作从 20年前持续到现在，故要用现在完成时；由“when he was 23 yearsold”时间状语从句可知，动作发生在 23 岁时，故要用一般过去时。选 D。for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old. Ahas taught; has come Btaught; comes Ctaught; came Dhas taught; cameD()4.(2011 年广东广州)Yesterday evening, I _ alongthe street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.CAwalkCwas walkingBwalkedDam walking解析：题意：昨天晚上我正沿着街道散步，突然遇到我的数学老师。“散步”这个动作是遇到老师时正在进行的，故用过去进行时。()5.(2011 年广东佛山)The Chinese Culture Day _in New York City on April 20th, 2011.C解析：“on April 20th, 2011”表示的是过去时间，celebrate 与the Chinese Culture Day 是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。AcelebratedBis celebratedCwas celebrated()6.(2011 年 广 东 佛 山 )Most of the sandstorms in ourcountry _ in spring, from March to May.AAhappenBhappensCis happening解析：由时间状语“in spring, from March to May”可知时态是一般现在时，且主语为复数，故选 A。()7.(2011 年 广 东 佛 山 )The Guangzhou Tower _thousands of tourists since it was open to the public.CAattractsBattractedChas attracted解析：由时间状语“since it was open to the public”可知应用现在完成时。( )8.(2011 年广东深圳)When should I hand in my paper?Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _. Ahand in; ringsBhand in; will ringCbe handed in; will ringDbe handed in; rings解析：hand in 与 paper 之间是动宾关系，故第一空用被动语态；as soon as 引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来，故选 D。D()9.(2011 年广东梅州)The boss made him work 14 hours aday.That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.DAwas madeCwas makingBmadeDwas made to解析：由前一句可知“他被迫每天工作 14 个小时”，且前一句的谓语动词 made 是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。make sb.do 的被动语态要加上省略的 to，即 be made to do。故选 D。( )10.(2011 年广东肇庆)Your classroom is very clean.Yes, it _ every day.AAis cleanedBcleansCis cleaning解析：由时间状语 every day 可知要用一般现在时，且 it(即your classroom)是 clean 这一动作的承担者，故用一般现在时的被动语态，选 A。Ahas begunBhas been onCbegan解析：由时间状语 since half an hour ago 可知用现在完成时，且 begin 为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故用 be on。选B。 ( )11.(2011 年广东肇庆)You are too late.The film _since half an hour ago.B()12.(2011 年 广 东 清 远 )Echo _ for half amonth.Shell come back in two months.AleftChas leftBleaveDhas been away解析：时间状语 for half a month 为一段时间，故谓语动词要用延续性动词；且由后一句“她将两个月后回来”说明已经离开，应用现在完成时态。故选 D。D()13.(2010 年广东)Robert with his two kids _ to thebeach for vacation every year.AgoCwentBgoesDare going解析：由时间状语 every year 可知用一般现在时；句中的“with his two kids”为伴随状语，主语为前面的 Robert，故谓语动词只能用第三人称单数 goes。BC( )14.(2010 年广东)Do you know her well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.AwereChave beenBhave madeDhave become解析：根据后面的 since ten years ago 可知用现在完成时，且 make 和 become 均为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故用 have been。()15.(2010 年 广 东 )The 16th Asian Games _ inGuangzhou in November, 2010.AholdsCwas heldBwill holdDwill be held解析：由时间状语“in November, 2010”可知要用将来时态，且 Asian Games 是 hold 这一动作的承担者，故用一般将来时的被动语态。选 D。D()16.(2010 年 广 东 深 圳 )Have you ever _Australia?A解析：题意：“你曾经去过澳大利亚吗？”“是的。跟袋鼠一起玩真的很有趣。”由题意可知表示“去过某地”，现在已经回来了，故用 have been to；固定句型 it is interesting to do sth.意为“做某事很有趣”。Yes, I have.Its really interesting _ with kangaroos.Abeen to; to playBgone to; playedCbeen to; playDgone to; playing( )17.(2010 年广东梅州)May I speak to John?B解析：由答语可知“去日本了还没回来”，可知要用 hasgone to；由时间状语 in two days 及题意可知要用一般将来时的肯定式，故选 B。Sorry, he _ Japan.But he _ in two days.Ahas been to; will come backBhas gone to; will be backChas been in; would come backDhas gone to; wont come back()18.(2010 年 广 东 肇 庆 )According to the library rules,Cbooks _ for two weeks at most.Acan be borrowedBcan keep解析：borrow 是短暂性动词，不能与 for two weeks 连用，故要用延续性动词 keep; keep 与 books 是动宾关系，故用被动语态，选 C。AusesBis usedCis usingDused解析：it(指 cleaner)与 use 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。Ccan be kept( )19.(2010 年广东广州)Excuse me, whats this for?Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt.B(year.)20.(2010 年广东湛江)I heard that Mr.Brown died lastYes, he has _ for a year, but we still miss him.Abeen deadCdiedBdeathDdying解析：由 for a year 可知要用延续性动词，故用 been dead；death 为名词，dying 为现在分词，均不符合。 AfinishBwill finishChave finished解析：由后一句“我们去喝杯咖啡吧”可知“我已经完成了工作”，故用现在完成时。 ( )21.(2010 年广东佛山)I _ my work today.Lets gofor a coffee.AC()22.(2010 年 广 东 佛 山 )Experts _ to makesuggestions to help the city develop.Awill inviteBare invited解析：experts 与 invite 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。Chave invitedB
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