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动动词词动词的分类动词的分类1.系动词系动词2.实义动词(及物和不及物)实义动词(及物和不及物)3.助动词助动词4.情态动词情态动词系动词:连系表语的词。系动词:连系表语的词。系动词有词义,不能独立做谓系动词有词义,不能独立做谓语。语。He is wrong.(系词系词+表语做谓语表语做谓语)一、系动词一、系动词 be(am,is,are,was,were) 感官动词感官动词 (look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem) 表示发展变化的词表示发展变化的词 (turn,get,keep,become)系动词系动词他是强壮的。He is strong.你必须保持健康。You must keep healthy.树叶变绿了。The leaves turn green.莉莉似乎很生气。Lily seems very angry.EXERCISE1.Autumn is coming,the leaves _yellow.2.The girl _beautiful.3.The food_delicious.4.Autumn is coming,it_colder and colder.5.That song _ well.turnlookstastesgetssounds二、实义动词二、实义动词能独立做谓语的词,按句法作用能独立做谓语的词,按句法作用分分为及物和不及物动词。为及物和不及物动词。I hit her.He cut his finger.The sun rises.及物vt.不及物vi.及物vt.A-A-Ahurt-hurt-hurt(受伤、伤害)(受伤、伤害)A-B-Bsay-said-said stand-stood-stood spend-spent-spentthink-thought-thought buy-bought-bought bring-brought-broughtcatch-caught-caught teach-taught-taughthold-held-heldlend-lent-lent send-sent-sent leave-left-left meet-met-met sweep-swept-swept sleep-slept-slept keep-kept-keptA-B-COrise-rose-risen write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen Oride-rode-ridden Odrive-drove-driven sing-sang-sungOtake-took-taken Ogive-gave-given fly-flew-flownOknow-knew-known Othrow-threw-thrown eat-ate-eaten forget-forgot-forgotten三、助动词三、助动词I like it.其中其中like是实意动词,如何变否定疑是实意动词,如何变否定疑问问.用用do来帮助它,我们把来帮助它,我们把do、does、did等等称为助动词。称为助动词。I dont like it.Do you like it?助动词,无词义,不能独立做谓语,助动词,无词义,不能独立做谓语,帮助构成时(态),语(态),否(定句)和帮助构成时(态),语(态),否(定句)和疑(问句)。疑(问句)。常见助动词有五个,常见助动词有五个,be,do,have,shall,will.be构成被动与进行,构成被动与进行,do构成疑问和否定构成疑问和否定have构成现在完成时,构成现在完成时,shall,will表示将来时表示将来时BE(AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE)1.I am watering the flowers. 帮助构成(现在帮助构成(现在/过去)进行时。过去)进行时。2.Tom was hit by his father yesterday. 帮助构成被动语态。帮助构成被动语态。小测试:小测试:She is Lily.(is 是助动词吗?是助动词吗?)答案:答案:NO.HAVE/HAS/HADI have a book.其中其中have是助动词吗?是助动词吗?答案:答案:NO.have/had+V.过去分词过去分词现在完成时现在完成时/过去完成时过去完成时 其中其中have是助动词吗?是助动词吗? 答案:答案:YES.WILL/SHALL用于一般将来时态。用于一般将来时态。will用于所有人称,用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人只用于第一人称。称。She will finish her homework in ten minutes.Shall I take an umbrella?四、情态动词四、情态动词She can speak French and I cant. 什么叫情态动词?什么叫情态动词?表示说话人对所述动作的看法表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或状态。状态。 情态动词的特征情态动词的特征He can speak English well,but I cant.We must stay here. 情态动词有词义,不能单独做情态动词有词义,不能单独做谓语,无人称和数的变化,后谓语,无人称和数的变化,后面必须接动词原形。面必须接动词原形。CAN/COULD/BE ABLE TO1.三个都表三个都表“能力能力”could 是是can的过去式。的过去式。 eg: I couldnt speak English. I can speak English now. 将来能力使用将来能力使用shall/will/be able to. eg: I will be able to speak French.2. can/could 表表“请求、允许请求、允许” could 比比can 更委婉。更委婉。 eg:Could I borrow your book?3. can/could 表表“怀疑、推测怀疑、推测” 可能性可能性 cant be eg:It cant be Lilys bag.MAY/MIGHT1.表表“请求、许可请求、许可” might 比比may更委更委婉、客气。婉、客气。 eg:May I come in? Might I come in?2. “可能可能”,表推测。,表推测。 可能性可能性 may be might beeg:He may come tomorrow. He might come tomorrow.MUST/HAVE TO 必须必须 不得不不得不1.must表表个人意志和主观上的必要个人意志和主观上的必要,意,意为为“必须必须”“”“应该应该”用于一般现在时;用于一般现在时;I must go now.2.have to表表客观上的必要客观上的必要。意为。意为“必必须须”“”“不得不不得不”除可用于现在时外,还可以表将来时除可用于现在时外,还可以表将来时shall/will have to和过去式和过去式had to。1.这台电视机不能用了,我们必须买这台电视机不能用了,我们必须买台新的。台新的。 This TV doesnt work.We have to buy a new one.2.那时我们必须买台新的。那时我们必须买台新的。 We had to buy a new one.3.我们将不得不买台新的。我们将不得不买台新的。 We will have to buy a new one.I _study hard,because I want to go to Beijing University.I _go shopping,because the fridge is empty now.musthave toSHOULD/WOULD/OUGHT TO1.You are his mother,you_look after him.2.You are a student,you_study hard.3.She would be glad if you _ help her. 应该应该愿意愿意理所应当理所应当ought toshouldwould情态动词表推测 must becant bemay bemight beDARE , NEED既可作情态动词,又可作行为动词。既可作情态动词,又可作行为动词。做情态动词,无人称、数变化,主要做情态动词,无人称、数变化,主要用于否定句和疑问句用于否定句和疑问句情态动词类型情态动词类型1.只作情态动词的有:只作情态动词的有:must,can(could),may(might)2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need,dare3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有可作情态动词也可作助动词的有will(would).shall(should)4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有具有情态动词的某些特征的有have to,ought to
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