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阅读理解突破(三)推理判断题1推理判断题的提问方式(1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.(2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?(3)Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物)wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?(4)Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat_.(5)Thewritersuggeststhat_.(6)Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat_.(7)Theauthorusestheexampleof.toshowthat_.(8)Whatstheauthorsattitudetoward.?2推理判断题的解题策略(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理,千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。(2)如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复,那它就不是推论,也就不是正确答案。(3)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合,文中却没有涉及,那它属于主观臆断的结论,也不是正确答案。(4)如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正确答案。(5)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,这有助于我们确定正确答案。(6)注意作者在文章中的措辞,比如作者在形容词前用了too,excessively,rather等,则常带有否定的口气。(7)某些过渡词如however,but,onthecontrary,whatismore等后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。3推理判断题类型及应对措施(1)数据推理解答此类题,关键是要善于捕捉有关数字信息,然后在透彻理解原文的字面意思和题意的基础上,运用自己的数学知识,对其进行分析、推理,从而得出正确答案。(2)知识推理知识推理题是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。(3)逻辑推理逻辑结论是指严格根据文章所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内容。解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实,然后按题意的要求进行推断。1Most children,even the youngest children,are delighted to be around cats and dogs.But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens (过敏原),prompting researchers to ask：Are cats and dogs really safe for children?A study finds that,contrary to many parents fears,owning cats or dogs does not increase a childs risk of developing allergies,and in fact,may actually protect them.The studys lead author,Dr.Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,said that even he was “very surprised” by the results.Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first years of life to those who were not.By using skinprick tests for detecting common allergies,the researchers found that,contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years,children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.Even more remarkable,children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction,up to 77 percent,in risk of allergies.Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats.Exposing young children to these bacteria helps “exercise” their immune systems early in life so that theyre better able to resist allergic diseases later.“Theres something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response,” saidDr.William Davis.And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a childs allergy risk,they say if a family already has one or more animals,theres no need to get rid of them.1Whydotheresearchersfeel“verysurprised”bytheresultsofthestudy?ABecausetheresultsarecontrarytotheirexpectation.BBecausesomanychildrenareplayingwithcatsanddogs.CBecauseparentsaresomuchworriedabouttheirchildren.DBecausechildrenwithanimalsmaydevelopallergieseasily.答案A解析此题较易,文中第二段中的“contrarytomanyparentsfears”为关键词语,反映出结果与第一段中人们的一般认识相反,因此研究者感到惊奇,故选A项；选D的原因是因为根本就没有读懂文章,而把意思弄反了。2Comparedwithchildrenwhohavepets,thosewhohavent_.AwilllosethechancetodevelopimmunesystemBmaysufferallergicdiseasesmoreoftenCwillreducetheharmfrombacteriaDcankeepdoctorsaway答案B解析本文主要是围绕接触带有过敏原的宠物是否安全展开的,由第二段“.,andinfact,mayactuallyprotectthem.”和第三段“.werenotatgreaterrisk.”可知,应是接触宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较小,即不接触宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较大,故选B项；误选A项是由于错误理解了倒数第二段；误选C项是由于没有正确理解全文,而是根据传统认识,即开头的观点作出的判断。3Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.ApetsareilltreatedbytheirownersBlessfamilieswouldliketoowncatsanddogsCkeepingpetsisagoodwaytokeepchildrenhealthyDtheresultsofthestudycanmakefamilieswithpetsfeelatease答案D解析推理判断题。该研究结果告诉人们小孩在早期与猫狗等动物接触不会影响他们的健康,从而使很多父母可以放心。2(2009全国,C)We have met the enemy,and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkeypox,a disease usually found in the African rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,”says Stephen Morse,director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.Its not just that were going to where the animals are；were also bringing them closer to us.Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country.A strange illness killed Isaksens pets,and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.“I dont think its fair to have them as petswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,”saysIsaksen.“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging,”saysPeterSchantz.Monkeypoxmaybethewakeupcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug(病菌)maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful(有害的)Monkeypoxdoesntlooklikeamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.1WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay_.AcomefromColumbiaBpreventusfrombeinginfectedCenjoybeingwithchildrenDsufferfrommonkeypox答案D解析细节理解题。由第一段可知宠物店主的宠物感染了一种病毒,故选D。2WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?ATheyattackhumanbeings.BWeneedtostudynativeanimals.CTheycantliveoutoftherainforest.DWedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段Isaksen说的话可知,她认为目前人们对国外的宠物了解得太少。3Whatdoesthephrase“thewakeupcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?AanewdiseaseBaclearwarningCadangerousanimalDamorningcall答案B解析词义猜测题。由本句主语monkeypox知,这可能是一种新的天花病毒,而不是一种病,故排除A、C、D。4Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe_.AmayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesBmayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsCshouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsDshouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica答案A解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,这种病毒的出现只是一个警告。未来可能会出现更多的新的疾病。3TheChinaDailynewspapergroupislookingforEnglishlanguageseniorbusinesseditors,seniorcopyeditors,copyeditorsandgraphicdesignerstostrengthenitsinternationalteam.Weofferacompetitivesalarypackage,freeaccommodationwithutilitiespaidfor,90percentmedicalreimbursement,asevendaypaidleave,elevendaypublicholidaysandareturntickettothecountryofresidence.SeniorBusinessEditorYoumust：assistthebusinesseditorinsettinggoalsandworkingonachievingthem；beanexcellentteampersonwhocangenerateideasandthinkcreativelyandbeabletorewritetotallyifneededandmentorjuniorstaff；ideallyhavebeenworkingorhaveworkedinapositionofresponsibilityandunderstandwhatleadershipentails；havehadatleastfiveyearseditingexperienceworkingoneditingtheBusinessDeskandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.SeniorCopyEditorYoumust：workonshiftsintheBusinessDeskandusuallyhavethelastwordbeforethepageissenttoprint；editorrewritecopyandgivesnappyheadlinesandcaptions；havehadatleasttwoyearseditingexperienceworkingoneditingdesksandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.CopyEditorYoumust：begoodateditingorrewritingcopyandwritingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions；beabletoworkonshiftsfordifferentpages,andusuallyhavethelastwordbeforethepageissenttoprint；havetwoyearsofeditingexperienceworkingoncopydesks,andbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.GraphicDesignerYoumust：haveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics；begoodatillustrationsandfreehanddrawings；beexperiencedinnewspaperormagazinelayouts；haveagoodsenseoftypography；havegoodnewsjudgment；bewellversedwithMacintoshsoftware,includingInDesign,IllustratorandPhotoshop；befluentinEnglish.Forenquiriesortoapply,writetojob.1Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?ATodescribethepositionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup.BTodescribetheworkingconditionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup.CToadvertiseforrecruitingsomegoodemployees.DTotellyouhowtobecomepartofthisgroup.答案C解析推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其是文章的第一段可以看出,这是一则广告,其目的就是向社会公开招聘Englishlanguageseniorbusinesseditors,seniorcopyeditors,copyeditorsandgraphicdesigners4个岗位上的员工。由此可以判断,答案是C项。2WhatisnotrequiredaboutGraphicDesigner?ABewellversedwithPhotoshop.BHaveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics.CHavingagoodsenseoftypography.DWritingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions.答案D解析细节理解题。由GraphicDesigner的招聘要求可以看出：Writingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions并非GraphicDesigner所要求具备的。3Howmanypositionsneededitingexperience?A2.B1.C3.D4.答案C解析细节理解题。前三个职位的叙述中都提到了对“editingexperience”的要求,只有最后一个岗位没有这方面的要求,故C项为正确答案。4Whichcanbethetitleoftheadvertisement?AChinaDaily：NewEmployeesWantedBChinaDaily：NewspaperCChinaDaily：AnInternationalTeamDChinaDaily：TheBestWorkingCondition答案A解析标题判断题。文章第一段已点明了文章的主旨与目的,就是要招聘人员,所以A项所说的“中国日报社招聘员工”最能概括全文的大意,故可排除其他三项。5WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?AFreeaccommodationsareavailabletotheworkers.BTheworkerstherecanenjoyasevendayleavewithoutpay.CTheemployeeshavetherighttoenjoyelevendaypublicholidays.DTheseniorbusinesseditorsonlyjobistohelpthebusinesseditortosetgoals.答案C解析细节理解题。由第一段的叙述可以看出,员工可以“享受11天的公共假期”。其他三项都不符合原文的叙述。故C为正确答案。内容总结（1）阅读理解突破(三)推理判断题1推理判断题的提问方式(1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.(2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage
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