动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1作主语 作主语用的动词不定式常常用it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： Its easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。 It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。 2作宾语 Indians like to eat hot food印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。 They need to look at a map他们需要查看地图。 有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如： Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait？你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗？ They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers他们改进了软件，使人们使用计算机更简便了。 3作表语 It seems to be an interesting book它看起来是本有趣的书。 The old mans job is to take care of the flowers in the garden这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。 4作宾语补足语 He told me not to bring you anything他叫我不要给你带任何东西。 Who taught you to play the music？谁教你弹这支曲子的？ 5作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如： In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。 Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。 6作状语 （1）表示目的 You can hide under my seat when the conductor comes to check the tickets当列车员来查票时，你可以藏在我的座位下面。 In his third year，he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。 （2）表示结果 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。例如： Its too heavy to carry太重了搬不动。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。 7和某些形容词连用 和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure，ready，happy，sorry，afraid等。例如： Hes very happy to see his wife他见到妻子非常高兴。 Im sorry to trouble you很抱歉打扰你了。 8和疑问词who，what，when，where，which，how构成不定式短语作宾语。例如： I dont know how to use a computer我不知道怎样使用计算机。 Can you tell me when to start？你能告诉我什么时候出发吗1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old， but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow？A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home， I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _， but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much， otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking参考答案1. A. forget to do sth . 忘记去做某事。forget doing sth . 忘记做过某事。2. B. sit on the chair， 其中on不能少。3. C. it为形式主语。4. A. allow sb to do5. D. tell sb， to do6. B. stop to do 停下去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。7. A. make sb do 在被动语态中为be made to do .8. B. need to be done与need doing皆为“需要被做”之意。9. B. 不定式结构作表语。10. A. 不定式的否定式：advise sb not to do1.Dontforget_theletter. A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent 2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_. A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton 3.Is_necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow? A.thisB.thatC.itD.which 4.Imafraidtheywouldnotallowhim_here. A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke 5.Mothertoldme_thewaterbeforeIdrankit. A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil 6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_somefood. A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought 7.Johnwasmade_thecarforaweekasapunishment. A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing 8.Thesitting-roomneeds_,butitllhavetowaituntilSaturday. A.becleaningB.tobecleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned 9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois_. A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim 10.LiYangadvisedme_toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk. A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking 参考答案 1.A.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事。forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事。 2.B.sitonthechair,其中on不能少。 3.C.it为形式主语。 4.A.allowsbtodo 5.D.tellsb,todo 6.B.stoptodo停下去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。 7.A.makesbdo在被动语态中为bemadetodo. 8.B.needtobedone与needdoing皆为“需要被做”之意。 9.B.不定式结构作表语。 10.A.不定式的否定式：advisesbnottodo1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult. A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music . A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard 4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard 5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told 6. You were silly not _your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 7. The teacher asked us _so much noise. A .dont make B. not make C. not making D .not to make 8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots. A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 9. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else. A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing 10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday. A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed 11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire. A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed 12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 15. Will you lend him a magazine _? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 16. He could do nothing but _for the bus _. A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came 17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 18. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made 19. I remember _him _the bike needed _. A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repair C. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired 20. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so 21. Robert is said to _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying 22. Im gong to lace w:st=onXianlace next week. Have you anything _ to your parents? A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy 23. when are they _ in their plan? A. hand B. handed C. to hand D. give 24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will survive 25. When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time. A. to have B. to be C. having D. being 26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain. A. made B. having made C. making D. to make 27. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest. A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking 28. -Are you a student? -No, but I used _. A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a 29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room. A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shutting C. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut 30. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 31. Were leaving at six oclock, and hope _ most of the journey by lunch time. A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made 32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _. A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand 33. Who will you get _ the project for us? A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing 34. It is said in lace w:st=onAustralialace there is more land than the government know _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 35. We are not allowed _ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing 36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role _in making the earth a better place to live in. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 40. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 41. The problem is _ difficult for us _. A. so; work out B. very too; to be worked out C. rather too, to work out D. quite too, to work it out 42. -Where should I _ my application? -The personnel office is the place _. A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it to C. send for; for sending it D. send; to send it to 43. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. expects D. to be expecting 44. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 45. Can you imagine the questions I had _ our teacher? A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. ask 46. Who did you _ the wall yesterday? A. have painted B. have paint C. have to paint D. have painting 47. -Whats the matter with John? -He didnt pass the test but he still _. A. hopes so B. hopes to C. hope it D. hope that 48. Much attention should be paid _ peoples living conditions. A. in improving B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 49. _ that evening was due to his ill health. A. He failed to come B. That he failed to coming C. His failure to come D. His failure in coming 50. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 51. My family considers _ a computer, which is considered _ a great help in our work and study. A. to buy; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. buying; to be 52. With the plane _ in ten minutes, all the passengers on board were asked to turn off their mobile phones. A. taken off B. taking off C. to take off D. would take off 53. Thank you for all the trouble youve taken _ me. A. to help B. with to help C. in helping D. of helping 54. He is believed _ the college exam, for he is now studying very hard now. A. to pass B. to have passed C. pass D. that he can pass 55.- Will you have anybody _ the flowers? - Yes, Ill have the flowers _. A. plant, planted B. to plant, planted C. plant; to be planted D. to plant , plant 56. They are looking forward with hope_ from you soon. A. to hearing B. of hearing C. hearing D. to hear 57. Busy translating a book, he couldnt help _ the article. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. written 58. Zhou Lan doesnt have to be made_. She always studies very hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 59. _this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar, and 175 g flour. A. Having made, B, Make C. To make D. Making 60. I feel it an honour _ to speak here. A. to be asked B. to ask C. having asked D. asked 1-10 BCDDB BDACB 11-20 DABCC ABBCB 21-30 ABCBB DAACC 31-40 BCBCC ABCDB 4150CDBAB BBDCB 5160 DCAAA AABCA