初中英语宾语从句复习概略

初中英语宾语从句复习概略宾语从句是初中英语一个重要的语法内容，同时它也是中考必考的容易失分的一个项目。要学好宾语从句，必须掌握好它的基本概念，基本特点和有关难点。基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，它在复合句中作主句谓语动词,介词或某些形容词的宾语。I think (that) you will like the students.They often worry about whether they can get the jobs.基本特点：一 选择合适的连结词。1词that（在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。引导陈述句做宾语从句。如：I tell him that I have read the story.2连词if或whether（是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow?3代词who（作主语）、whom（作宾语）、whose（定语）、which（主语、定语）；连接副词when, why, how, where, (均作状语)。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。He didnt know when he would leave for Shanghai.二.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前。(1_)主句（主语谓语vt）（that）从句（主语谓语）；(2 )主句if/whether从句（主语谓语）；(3)主句连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which+陈述句语序（主语谓语）；（4）主句连接副词when/where/why/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是否担任成份。例如： 1）Can you hear_? A. what did he asy B. that he said C. what he said 2)Can you tell me ? Whats your name ?Can you tell me what your name is ?3)He didnt under stand . Can this machine work?He didnt understand if this machine could work.三要遵循时态的一致性原则。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。 下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容句式连词语序陈述句that不变一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（would do;was/were going to do） 四相关的难点及考点。1连结词that的省略。 在非正式场合下，that在引导宾语从句时可以省略。例如：I think (that) it is terrible.但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。2Whether 不能换为if的情况。He asked me whether or not I was thirsty. （该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。）3语序例外的特例。Whats the matter ? 作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是 “ 这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如：The teacher asked the students what the matter was.The teacher asked the students what was the matter ? 3时态例外的特例。The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound . 尽管主句是一般过去时，但如果宾语从句 表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。如：He said that the sun rises in the east.5.宾语从句否定意义的转移。 在think , believe , suppose,imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：I dont think he has time to play with girl.6关于反意疑问句。在由宾语从句作为陈述部分的反意疑问句中，其疑问部分的构成方法是：“结构看从句，肯定否定看主句” 如：He thought it was late , wasnt it ?7宾语从句和状语从句的分辩。 在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if 引导的宾语从句或状语从句。可以用以下方法来处理： 当if解释为“是否”时，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态规则。 He doesnt know if the famous singer will come tomorrow. 当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。 He will come if he has time tomorrow.练习：1I dont know _ MrGreen will come to see us He will help us with our English Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere 2We never know _ the old man is They say he is a teacher Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere 3I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers Athat how Bhow that Cwhen that Dthat when 4Do you know _ ？Im going to see him Sorry，I dont know Awhere does MrLi live Bwhere did MrLi live Cwhere MrLi lives Dwhere MrLi lived 5Where do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry，I have no idea A；bought Bhas；bought Cdid；buy Ddoes；buy 6I dont feel very wellMum asked me _ this morning Awhat the matter is Bwhat is wrong Cwhat the matter was Dwhat was wrong7Where is Jack？ He is away to spend his holidayHes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but Im not sure _ Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere 8. Do you know _?A. What time will the plane take off B.What time would the plane take offC.What time the plane will take off D. the plane will take off at what time9The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter14. Wang Hai told me _he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why)15.Can you tell me _else is going to be on duty? (who, whom)16.She said _it wouldnt matter much.(that, if)17.He always thinks _ can do better.(how, who)18.I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)19.The teacher didnt begin her classthe students stopped talking.AuntilBbecauseCafter Dwhen20.If it tomorrow, well go to the Great wall. Adoesnt rain Bwont rainCnot rainsDisnt rain21.Could you tell me we get to the plane? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat22.When they got to the cinema, the filmfor the ten minutes.Ahad been onBhas begun Cbegan Dhad begun23.The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmasters desk.AifBwho Cthat Dwhat24.、Lucy looks strongerLily.AthanBasCthenDnot as25.I know nothing about ithe told me.AbecauseBsinceCuntilDafter26.You must make your new house clean and safeyou move in. AbecauseBwhen CbeforeDuntil27.I wastiredI couldnt walk on. Asothat BtootoCverythat Dveryto28.I thought heto see his mother if hetime. Awill gohasBwill go will have Cwould go would have Dwould go had