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高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点英语中代词的相关知识庞杂,在语言使用中又非常频繁,所以代词的用法看似简单,其实不易。因此在平时的学习和复习备考中我们要认真对待,全面掌握代词的知识,了解各类代词的用法,重点掌握不定代词、替代词的用法及区别。 高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点一、不定代词表一:all, both, either, any, neither, none意义意义都都任何一个任何一个都不都不(全部全部否定否定)部分否定部分否定两者两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth和和not连连用用三者或三者或三者以上三者以上allanynonenot anyall和和not连用连用高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do. (2012全国卷)Larry 让Bill和Peter跟他一起去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们都有工作要作。My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop. (2012江西卷)我哥哥想买一块好表,但是在那家店里没有。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点All thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. (2010浙江卷)重要的是你正在尽最大努力并且朝正确的方向前进。Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer any of them. (2009陕西卷)Jane被问及了很多问题,但她一个都没答出来。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点 表二:the other, other, another, othersthe other,otherthe other可可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一另一个个”;也可修饰名词表示;也可修饰名词表示“另外的另外的”。other不能不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义another可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的人或物中的“ “另一个另一个” ”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外外another后可接后可接“ “基数词基数词/few复数名词复数名词” ”形式,表示形式,表示“ “另外的另外的(多少多少)”others单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“ “其他的人或事物其他的人或事物” ”,常与常与some一起出现;特指一起出现;特指“ “其他的全部人或事物其他的全部人或事物” ”时用时用the others高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another. (2011上海卷)为了保持清醒,他喝完了一杯咖啡,然后又点了一杯。You are the team star! Working with others is really y o u r c u p o f t e a . (2010安徽卷)你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作确实是你的特长。Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010全国卷)除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点【点津】 在下列肯定句中常用any:用于陈述句或祈使句中,意为“任何;无论哪一个”,后接可数名词单数形式。Any book will doI just want something to read on the train.用于肯定的条件句中,意为“什么;一个(些)”;if any是固定词组,意为“若有的话”。He asked me if I had any books in my desk.some, any, every常与one,body,thing构成复合不定代词,其基本用法与some, any, every用法相当。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点高考体验1(2013新课标卷)Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do_.Aothers BeitherCanother Dboth答案D考查代词。句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not . both,故选D。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点2(2013山东卷)Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _of them very much.Aeither Bany Ceach Danother答案A考查不定代词。句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市,根据转折词but可知,后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”,所以选A。any“任一”,each“每个”,another“另一”,都不符合语境。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点3(2013陕西卷)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost_of her enthusiasm for life.Asome Bneither Cnone Dall答案C考查代词。句意:虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知,此处表示“一点儿也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用none。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点二、替代词that(those),one(ones),itit特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that (those)可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为。其复数形式为those,相当于,相当于the onesone(ones)指代前面出现过的那类事物中的指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一一个个”,其复数形式为,其复数形式为ones高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues. (2013辽宁卷)令Della高兴的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又赢得了同事的信任。Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.(2012浙江卷)研究了Wendy的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose one based on your own interests. (2011福建卷)我们为你们的假期准备了各种各样的夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy it. (2009四川卷)我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子,但是没有足够的钱来买它。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点高考体验1(2013四川卷)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _on the small ones.Aone Bthis Cthat Dit答案C考查代词。句意:大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic,以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数;this通常指代下文要提到的事情;it指代上文出现的同一事物。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点2(2013天津卷)At our factory there are a few machines similar to_described in this magazine.Athem Bthese Cthose Dones答案C考查代词。句意:我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指,替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described in this magazine,故不能用表泛指的ones,若选ones,则应在其前加上the。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点3(2012辽宁卷)If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get _for me?Aone Bsuch Cthis Dthat答案A考查代词。句意:如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸,给我捎回一份好吗?one用来代替上文提到过的paper,相当于a copy of paper。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点三、it的用法(1)it用作形式主语或形式宾语,替代后面的不定式、动词ing形式或从句。New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. (2012四川卷)新的技术已经使更快、更低成本地生产新产品成为可能。The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other. (2011山东卷)这两个小女孩如此相像,以至于陌生人很难辨别出彼此。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.(2011山东卷)我们感觉使我们的国家变得更好是我们的责任。(2) 动词itif / when从句。当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时,此时需要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me w i t h i t .(2013福建卷)如果你能帮助我作这事,我会十分感激。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点 (3) 动词介词itthat从句。 能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for, see to等。如: Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。 (4) it 在强调句中的用法。 It was lack of money, not of efforts, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫,原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。 Who was it that won the World Cup in 2012? 谁赢得了2012年的世界杯?高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点 (5) it 在习语中的用法。 包括it的习语很多。 make it 成功,到达 take it easy 别着急,放心好了 believe it or not信不信由你 forget it没关系;别在意;算了吧 Thats it. (口语)完了;没有了(表示某个情况已经结束);作得对。 when it comes to sth说到,涉及高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点 When shall we meet again? Make it any day you like; its all the same to me. 我们下一次什么时候见面? 你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说都一样。 When it comes to football, he is more excited. 提到足球,他就更兴奋了。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点高考体验1(2012全国卷)Sarah made _to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.Aherself Bthis Cthat Dit答案D考查代词用法。句意:Sarah赶到了机场,正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。此处make it to表示“及时到达,赶上”,是固定搭配。 高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点2(2012陕西卷)No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.Ahim Bthis Cthat Dit 答案D考查代词。句意:不管他在哪里,早饭前出去散步是他的一贯作法。make sth a rule“把作为常例/定为常规”,句中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to go for a walk before breakfast。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点3(2011江西卷)Why dont you bring_to his attention that youre too ill to work on? Athat Bit Cthis Dhim答案B考查代词。句意:你为何不让他注意到你病得无法继续工作的事实?此处是it的特殊用法,其本身无实义。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点反身代词、物主代词、疑问代词、人称代词、指示代词形式(1)反身代词的常见搭配:by oneself 亲自,独自be oneself 处于正常状态enjoy oneself 玩得愉快think for oneself 独自思考Dont let him take away your freedom to think for yourself.别让他夺去你独立思考的自由。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点 (2)指示代词的常见用法: 打电话时,一般用that提问,this应答。 指代上文提到的一般用that/those,下文要说的用this/these。 Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them? 那些都是事实, 你能从中得出什么结论?高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点高考体验1(2013浙江卷)Half of_surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.Athese Bsome Cones Dthose答案D考查代词。句意:来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说,在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候,他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点2(2012山东卷)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.Awhoever BwhereverCwhatever Dhowever答案A考查代词。句意:你看完书后,把书给Lucy或Helen,或谁都行。whoever在这里作代词,意为“不管什么人;无论是谁”,符合题意。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点3(2011安徽卷)Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair r e a c h e d b e l o w h e r k n e e s a n d m a d e _almost an overcoat for her.Athem Bher Citself Dherself答案C考查代词。句意:令人惊奇的是,苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下,几乎成为了她的外套。此处itself 指的是“头发本身”。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点复合不定代词意意义义某某任何任何每个,所有每个,所有没有没有人人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物物somethinganythingeverythingnothing高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点【点津】 注意something的特殊含义:大致,左右;有价值或重要的人或事物。Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or something like that. (2012福建卷)你计算出旅游要花费多少钱了吗?四千美元,差不多那么多钱。There is something in his words. We should have a try. (2011四川卷)他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点I got this bicycle for nothing.My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. (2011全国卷)这辆自行车我没花钱。我朋友买了新的,就把这辆车送给我了。I know that nothing would over discourage him; he would never give up to be a director.(2011湖南卷)我知道没有什么能够阻止他,他永远不会放弃成为导演的梦想。 高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点高考体验1(2013江西卷)_can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.AAnybody BEverybodyCNobody DSomebody答案C考查不定代词。句意:没有人能持续四十年把某件事作得很好,除非他热爱它。根据句意可知,空处应用nobody。高考必考点高考必考点高考常考点高考常考点高考易错点高考易错点2(2013安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork._will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything答案A考查不定代词。句意:这个项目需要密切的合作,除非我们通力合作,否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语,故选A。
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