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第 11 11 讲 句子种类和成分一、完成句子，每空一词DoyouWhat1_ _ (你) often exercise?Yes.DontWhata2_ (什么) are you doing here?We are practicing a new show.3 _ ( 不要) tell me the same story any more.I dontwant to listen to it again.or4_ _ (多么) great change it is!5Is he Jim _ (还是) Tom?I think hes Tom.didnt hedid heHow longHow soon二、单句改错1He didnt do anything about it, didnt he？_2How long will the building be finished？_WhatWhy3What does he want to be a pilot? _4What a beautiful it is！_5I dont think shes that young, do I？_What aHowdo Iisnt she句子种类一般疑问句1把 be 动词、助动词、情态动词置于句首。2直接用 yes 或 no 来回答。3如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定词。如：Are there any trees in the garden？院子里有树吗？如果提问人希望得到肯定的回答，则句中常用肯定词。如：Would you like some drink？你想喝点什么吗？特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不用 yes或 no 回答，而是根据具体情况进行回答。1疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成分时，用“疑问词一般疑问句”结构。如：How did you come here？你怎么来这里的？2疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，用陈述句语序。如：Whose father works in Shanghai?谁的父亲在上海工作？3特殊疑问词有：when, where, what, who, whom, whose,which, why, how, how many, how much, how soon, how often,how old 等。选择疑问句由“一般疑问句or供选择的部分”构成，不能用 yes或 no 来回答。如：Is it the name of a book or a movie?它是一本书还是一部电影的名字？Its the name of a book.它是一本书的名字。反意疑问句1构成：陈述句简略问句遵循原则：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。简略问句的主语与陈述句的主语保持一致，且只能用相应的人称代词(there 除外)。简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句的谓语保持一致；如果是否定，一定要用缩写。如：Your brother went home, didnt he?你哥哥回家了，是吗？There are many flowers in the box, arent there?盒子里有很多花，是吗？2陈述句用“Im.”结构时，简略问句一般用“arent I”。3陈述句中有 little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等表示否定意义的词时，简略问句用肯定形式。如：There is little milk in the bottle, is there?瓶子里没多少牛奶了，是吗？4陈述句主语为不定代词 nothing, something, anything 时，简略问句的主语用代词 it；陈述句主语为不定代词 everyone, noone, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody 时，简略问句的主语常用代词 they，有时也用 he。5陈述句的主语是指示代词 this 或 that 时，简略问句的主语用 it；陈述句的主语是 these 或 those 时，简略问句的主语用they。6陈述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe, suppose.)宾语从句”结构，简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。如：I dont think he is right, is he?我认为他不对，是吧？7陈述句部分含有情态动词 must ，表示猜测“一定是；必定”时，简略问句部分与 must 后面的部分保持一致，不能用mustnt ；当 must 表示“一定要；必须”时，简略问句部分用neednt。如：You must be a lawyer, arent you?你一定是个律师，是不是？He must return tomorrow, neednt he?他明天必须回去，是不是？We mustnt speak loudly in the library, must we?我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗，对不对？8祈使句的反意疑问句肯定祈使句，will you/wont you?否定祈使句，will you?Lets.，shall we？(包括对方)Let us.，will you？(不包括对方)9感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用 be 动词的一般现在时。如：What a fine day, isnt it？多好的天气呀，不是吗？10对反意疑问句作答时，需根据其实际情况而定。实际情况是肯定的，则用“Yes肯定结构”；实际情况是否定的，则用“No否定结构”。如：You wont go there, will you?你不会去那里，对吗？Yes, I will.不，我会去。祈使句祈使句用以表示命令、请求、叮嘱或建议，主语通常省略。肯定式谓语动词用原形，否定式用“Dont (Never) 动词原形” 。如：Turn on the light.开灯。Dont turn on the light.不要开灯。感叹句感叹句通常用 what 或 how 引导，用来表示强烈的感情。感叹句的基本句型有：1以 how 开头的感叹句(1)How形容词/副词主语谓语How high the building is! 这楼真高！(2)How形容词/副词(省略主语和谓语)How interesting (it is)！真有趣！(3)how 还可修饰动词，句型是“How主语谓语”。如：How they need a good teacher!他们是多么需要一位好老师呀！2以 what 开头的感叹句(1)What (a/an)形容词名词(主语谓语)What a beautiful flower it is！多美丽的一朵花啊！What fine weather！多好的天气！(2)What (a/an)名词(省略主语和谓语)What a pity！真遗憾！句子成分构成例句主语名词、主格代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等That man looks strange.那个人看起来很奇怪。谓语 动词，一般位于主语之后He puts the book on thetable.他把书放在桌上。句子成分句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语和宾语补足语。见下表：宾语名词、宾格代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等I waited for the bus for halfan hour.我等公交车等了半小时。表语在连系动词之后的形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、介词短语等The weather is wet in thesouthern part.在南部，气候潮湿。定语形容词、副词、代词、数词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等The boy in blue is Tom.穿蓝色衣服的男孩是汤姆。句子成分构成例句状语副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式等The girl lives in AmeriAmeri-ca.这个女孩住在美国。宾语补足语形容词、副词、名词、代词、数词、不定式、分词等We found him alone by thelake.我们发现他独自一人在湖边。同位语名词、数词、代词或从句We Chinese wont give in todifficulties.我们中国人不会向困难低头。续表()1.(2013 年广东)You havent been to the West Lake,have you?_.But I will go there with my parents this summervacation.ANo, I haventCYes, I haveBNo, I didntDyes, I didA 题意：“你从来没有去过西湖，是吗？”“是的，我没有去过。但是这个暑假我将和父母一起去。”反意疑问句要根据实际情况来回答，根据题意可知是表示“没有去过”，故选 A。()2.(2013 年广东佛山)_ delicious food mymother cooks every day!AWhat aBWhatCHowBwhat 引导的感叹句句式为“what (a/an) 形容词名词主语谓语”，how 引导的感叹句句式为“how形容词主语谓语”，若形容词后是一个完整的句子，则应用 how引导，由此可排除 C。又因 food 是不可数名词，故选 B。()3.(2014 年广东河源)_ interesting book it is!AHowBWhatCWhat anDHow aCwhat 引导的感叹句句式为“Whata/an形容词名词主语谓语！”，interesting 以元音音素开头，应该用冠词an，故选 C。()4.(2014 年广东深圳)Rose, we will start at sixtomorrow morning.Dont be late, _？_.Ill be there on time.Awont you; Yes, I willBwill you; Yes, I willCwill you; No, I wontDwont you; No, I wontC 根据前否后肯的原则，可排除 A、D 两项；又根据回答可知实际情况是“不会迟到”，故选 C。()5.(2013 年广东)Alice had nothing for breakfast thismorning, _？No.She got up too late.A. had sheBhadnt sheCdid sheDdidnt sheC前面陈述句中有表示否定的 nothing，动词 had 是实义动词，故简略问句要借助助动词 did，且用肯定形式，故选 C。()6.(2014 年广东广州)I hear the tall girl wearing glassesis your new classmate.Shes from Ame-rica, _？A. has sheBisnt sheChasnt sheDdoes sheB 前面陈述句是肯定句，其 be 动词为 is，故简略问句中用 isnt。()7.(2011 年广东深圳)There is something wrong withyour bike, _？Yes.Ill have it _ tomorrow.A. isnt it; mendBisnt there; mendedCisnt it; mendedDisnt there; mendB there be 句型的反意疑问句主语仍用 there，且陈述句部分是肯定的，故其简略问句用否定形式；自行车是“被修理”，故用 have sth.done (使某事被做)。()8.(2013 年广东深圳)_ good time we had atthe party last night!Yes.It was _ exciting party that I would neverforget it.A. What; soCWhat a; such anBHow; suchDHow a; so anCwhat 引导的感叹句句式为“What (a/an)形容词名词(主语谓语)！”，time 在此为可数名词，意为“时光”；“such (a/an)形容词名词that 从句”意为“如此以至于”，故选 C。()9.(2014 年广东佛山)_ cute the monkeys arewhen they ask for food!A. HowBWhatCWhat aAhow 引导的感叹句句式为“How形容词主语谓语！”，故选 A。()10.(2013 年广东佛山)_ is the history ofTsinghua University?100 years.A. How soonBHow longCHow farB由答语可知是提问时间长短的，故用 how long ，意为“多长时间”。()11.(2014 年广东肇庆)The students in Class Two playedbasketball against Class One yesterday, _？A. did theyBdidnt theyCwerent theyB 陈述句部分是肯定句，且谓语动词为 played，故其反意疑问句要借助助动词 did 且为否定形式。()12.(2013年广东河源)Lets go to the cinema to see afilm, _？A. will youCwont youBshall weDdont you前面是 Lets 开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句应用 shallBwe。()13.(2014年广东河源)Peter, _ do you visityour grandparents?Twice a month.A. how longBhow soonChow farDhow oftenD 由答语可知是对频率提问，故用 how often，表示“多久一次”。()14.(2013 年广东河源)_ delicious beef!Well.You can eat more if you like it.A. WhatCHowBWhat aDHow aAwhat 引导的感叹句句式为“What (a/an)形容词名词(主语谓语)！”，beef 是不可数名词，故选 A。()15.(2014 年广东茂名)Dont open the door, _？A.arent youBdont youCwill youC 祈使句的反意疑问句用“will/wont you”，因陈述句部分是否定的，故用 will you。()16.(2013 年广东)The boy has a new MP4, _？A. doesnt heBisnt heCdoes heDis heAhave 表示“拥有”时，其反意疑问句有两种形式：“hasnt/havent/hadnt主语”或“doesnt/dont/didnt主语”。故选 A。()17.(2014 年广东)_ will you come back?In an hour.A. How soonBHow oftenCHow farDHow longA 由答语“一小时后”可知是提问“多久以后”，故用how soon。()18.(2013 年广东深圳)Lets go to the zoo by taxi,_？Maybe we can go there _.Its not far.A. wont you; on footBwont you; by footCshall we; by footDshall we; on footDLets 开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句用 shall we ；表示“步行”用 on foot。()19.(2014 年广东佛山)_ sad we felt at the newsof the Yushu earthquake!A. WhatBWhat aCHowChow 引导的感叹句句式为“How 形容词主语谓语！”，故选 C。()20.(2013 年广东茂名)Do you know _Mr.Smith comes to the shop?Once a week.A. how oftenBhow longChow soonA 根据答语“Once a week.”可知是提问频率，故选 A。()21.(2014年广东湛江)There is some beef in thefridge, _？Yes, there is.A. is thereBisnt thereChas thereDhasnt thereB 陈述句部分为 there be 句型，故简略问句用 isnt there。
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