高中英语动名词的用法

动词-ing形式的用法 1. 动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此又叫动词的 -ing 形式。如： do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式：not+ -ing构成 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。3. 时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 动词-ing形式在时态时态上可分为一般式和完成式。 一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作； 完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。 动词-ing形式在语态语态上可分为主动式和被动式。 主动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词的动作执行者。 被动式表示它的逻辑主语时-ing分词的动作承受者。 类别 及及 物物动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词 形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having done having been donehaving done 例如： Being a student, he was interested in drawing. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied hard, he failed the exam. 因为没有努力学习，他考试不及格。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题和重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词（短语）后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动意义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. =Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing 分词的语法作用 -ing 分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和不语等。 1) -ing分词作主语和宾语： 动词-ing形式可以在句子中做主语或宾语，此时也可称为动名词。如： Collecting stamps is a good hobby. He enjoys fishing. (1)-ing分词（短语）作主语： Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 -ing分词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Teaching is my full-time job. 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词（短语）也作主语：. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语-ing放在句末。 Its useless taking this kind of medicine. 在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。 There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。 (2)-ing分词（短语）作宾语： 作动词的宾语： I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money. 接动名词作宾语的常见动词有: admit 承认, appreciate 感激,赞赏, avoid 避免, complete 完成, consider 认为, delay 耽误, deny 否认, detest 讨厌, endure 忍受, enjoy 喜欢, escape 逃脱, fancy 想象, finish 完成, imagine 想象, mind 介意, miss 想念, postpone 推迟, practise 训练, prevent阻止, recall 回忆, resent 讨厌, resist 抵抗, resume 继续, risk 冒险, suggest 建议, face 面对, include 包括, stand 忍受, understand 理解, forgive宽恕, keep 继续等。接动名词作宾语的词组有： admit to preferto be used to lead to devote oneself to stick to look forward to (to为介词） no good, no use, Its worth, as well as, cant help, Its no use /good be tired of be fond of be afraid of be proud of hold off put off keep on insist on set about be successful in good at take up give up prevent from think of / about 下列动词可以接动名词或不定式： like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, stop, forget, remember, try, intend(打算), prefer(较喜欢), cant bear(无法忍受)等。 但有些词后面接动名词或不定式做宾语，表示不同意义，如： 用法 例句forget /remember / regret + V-ing(已做了)forget /remember / regret + to V (未做)Mean + V-ing(意味着)Mean + to V(打算) Try + to V(设法在做) Try + V-ing(试着在做) I forget mailing your letter.Being early may mean wasting a little time.You really mean to go?He tried opening the door with the key.He tried to open the door with the key.I forget to mail your letter.我忘了已将你的信寄出了。我忘了要去给你寄信。早去也许会浪费一点时间。你真的想走吗？他试着用这把钥匙开门。他想要用这把钥匙开门。 作介词的宾语： Dont be afraid of speaking English. Im against inviting him to dinner. 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可以省略。如： I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. He often spends a lot of time (in) playing games. What can prevent us (from) going out?另外，-ing分词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, without, besides, by, for,等构成短语，在句子中作状语。如：He left ahead of time without saying a word. -ing分词也可以用在复合宾语中作真正宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： I dont think it possible living in such a cold place.Bye-bye