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Chapter 7 language从句从句: 具有完整的主谓结构具有完整的主谓结构,但不能独但不能独立使用立使用.它只从属与主从复合句它只从属与主从复合句,在主从复在主从复合句中充当什么成分就称之为什么从句合句中充当什么成分就称之为什么从句.宾语从句宾语从句：主从复合句的一种。：主从复合句的一种。宾语从宾语从句通常是一个主谓结构紧跟在及物动词句通常是一个主谓结构紧跟在及物动词后后,充当宾语。充当宾语。宾语从句宾语从句 I still remember his face. I still remember what he looks like. I know this place well. I know that this place is famous for its pleasant weather.1.1.如果从句是陈述句，引导词用如果从句是陈述句，引导词用thatthat（thatthat在口语或非正式文体中常省略在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；）；2.2.如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用用if/whetherif/whether；3.3.如果从句是特殊疑问句内容，如果从句是特殊疑问句内容，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词词/ /副词副词(who,whom, which, whose, (who,whom, which, whose, what, how, when, where, why) what, how, when, where, why) 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略1.I hear (that)_. （一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）2.He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们他非常想念我们） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much表语形容词后常接表语形容词后常接that引导的从句引导的从句afraid glad sad sorry angry certain proud sure excited unhappy pleased surprised frightened1.I am afraid (that) I cant attend your party.2.Lucy was happy (that) she had passed the exam.3.We are sure (that) well win the game.4.He is surprised (that) he is invited to the ball.1.I want to know （他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him （他是否能来） if (whether) he will go to the park with us . whether (if) he can come.if / whether if / whether 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(1)(1)当句末为当句末为or notor not时，时，(2)(2)当与不定式连当与不定式连用时，用时，(3)当与介词连用时，当与介词连用时，引导词只能用引导词只能用whetherwhether而不能用而不能用if.if.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.They asked me whether to sit beside me.Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. 1.He asked （谁能回答这个问题）（谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know （他们在等谁）（他们在等谁）3. He asked （谁的书法是班上最好的）（谁的书法是班上最好的）who could answer the questionwhom theyre waiting for.whose handwriting is the best in the class.由疑问词引导的宾语从句由疑问词引导的宾语从句4. Do you know （哪本书更好?）5. Please tell me （我们什么时候开会）6. Can you tell me （他在哪儿）7. Could you tell me （我该怎么去车站）（我该怎么去车站）which book is better?when well have the meeting?where he is?how I can go to the station? 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.注注 意意语序语序 时态时态如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that) he had been there .注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般从句都要用一般现在时。如现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.注注 意意宾语从句的否定转移宾语从句的否定转移 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine 时，并且它的主语是第一人称时，如果时，并且它的主语是第一人称时，如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意思，通常我们要将否从句的谓语动词表示否定意思，通常我们要将否定词转移到主句的谓语动词上，即通过否定主句定词转移到主句的谓语动词上，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的谓语动词。这中语法现的谓语动词来否定从句的谓语动词。这中语法现象就是宾语从句的否定转移。象就是宾语从句的否定转移。I dont believe she will tell you about it.We dont think he is right.We dont believe that he did the job himself.宾语从句反意问句及应该的注意问题宾语从句反意问句及应该的注意问题通常反意问句部分的构成通常反意问句部分的构成,常和主句的主谓常和主句的主谓 保持一致保持一致:We all know that they come from America, dont we?He thinks that we missed the train , doesnt he ?但是当主句部分的主谓是但是当主句部分的主谓是: “I think, I dont believe”时时, 这时的反意问句部分这时的反意问句部分,则要和从句的主谓保持一致则要和从句的主谓保持一致:I dont guess that their team will win, will it?I dont think she is from Canada, is she?注意：注意：if既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于竟属于“两副面孔两副面孔”的哪一副。如的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（状语从句）（状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）（宾语从句）一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。的复合句。1.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2.Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.thatwerethattravels3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.ifwouldbeiftheycouldspeakwhetherareplaying6.How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?7Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you know _ _ _ her car?8What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.howmanypeople youcanseewhere she parkedwhathetalked二、选择填空1. What did Mike say? He said _.A.if you are free the next week B. what colour was itC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 2. Tom asked my friend _.A.where was he from B. Why did I came lateC. when did he come back D. not to be so angryDD 3. Let me tell you _.A.how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car4. Peter knew _.A. if he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for ParisDB 5.Could you tell me _?A. where do you live B. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting for D. where you live in6. I cant understand _the boy alone.A.why she left B. why did she leaveC. why she had left D. why had she leftBA7.-Where do you think _ he _the TV set? - Sorry, Ive no idea.A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought8.-The manager came up to see _.-Yeah, There are so many people there.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matterAA
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