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UNIT 3LANGUAGE IN USE1. 组成句子的成分叫句子成分。组成句子的成分叫句子成分。2. 在句子中在句子中, 词与词之间有一定的组合关词与词之间有一定的组合关系系, 按照不同的关系按照不同的关系, 可以把句子分为不可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。同的组成成分。3. 句子成分由词或词组充当。句子成分由词或词组充当。 句子成分句子成分 4. 英语的基本成分有六种英语的基本成分有六种: 主语主语(subject), 谓语谓语(predicate), 表语表语(predicative), 宾宾语语(object), 定语定语(attribute)和状语和状语(adverbial)。主主 语语 1. 主语是一个句子的主题主语是一个句子的主题, 也是句子的也是句子的主体主体, 表示句子主要说明的人或事物。表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 2. 它的位置一般在句首。它的位置一般在句首。 3. 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当。词的词、短语或句子等充当。e.g. The meeting will begin at 9:00. (名词名词) We study in No. 1 Middle School.(代词代词) Smoking is bad for you. (动名词动名词)谓谓 语语 1. 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。 一般放在主语之后。一般放在主语之后。 2. 谓语一般是由动词或连系动词谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表表 语担当。语担当。 3. 谓语必须和主语在谓语必须和主语在“人称人称”和和“数数”上上 保持一致。保持一致。 e.g. We work hard. (动词）动词） Mike likes his new book. His parents are teachers. (连系动词连系动词+表语表语) She is reading.表表 语语 1. 表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。等。 2. 表语位于连系动词之后表语位于连系动词之后, 二者构成系二者构成系表结构表结构, 即合成谓语。即合成谓语。3. 表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。e.g. Her brother is a driver.(名词名词) Are you ready?(形容词形容词) We were at home last night. (介词短语介词短语) This book is mine, not yours. (代词代词) The film is exciting. (现在分词现在分词)宾宾 语语 1. 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。宾语表示动作、行为的对象。 2. 只有及物动词可带宾语只有及物动词可带宾语, 有些不及物有些不及物动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语。动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语。 3. 由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、 短语或句子担当。短语或句子担当。 e.g. He often helps me. (代词代词) We study English at school. (名词名词) If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. (数词数词) Remember to buy some stamps. (动词不定式动词不定式) He likes making you laugh. (动名词动名词) He said, “You are wrong.” (句子句子) Do you understand what I mean? (从句从句)宾语补足语宾语补足语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系, 它们一起构成复合宾语。它们一起构成复合宾语。1. 名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 + 名词：名词： The war made him a soldier. 2. 名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 + 形容词：形容词： Please keep the room clean.3. 名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 + 介词短语：介词短语： I often find him at work.4. 名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 + 动词不定式：动词不定式： The teacher ask the students to close the windows.5. 名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 + 分词：分词： I saw a cat running across the road.状状 语语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。用作状语让步、方向、程度、目的等。用作状语的通常是副词。的通常是副词。1) 副词副词 (短语短语) 作状语：作状语： The boy needs a pen very much. (程度状语程度状语) The boy needs a pen now. (时间状语时间状语)2) 介词短语作状语：介词短语作状语： In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. (地点状语地点状语) Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. (条件状语条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. (时间状语时间状语) 3) 不定式作状语不定式作状语: The boy needs a pen to do his homework. (目的状语目的状语)4) 名词作状语名词作状语: Come this way! (方向状语方向状语)定定 语语 1. 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子的句子成分。用的词、短语或句子的句子成分。2. 定语有前置定语和后置定语。定语有前置定语和后置定语。3. 充当定语的词有充当定语的词有: 形容词、名词、代词、数词、名词所形容词、名词、代词、数词、名词所 有格、方位副词、不定式、动词的有格、方位副词、不定式、动词的-ing形式、过去分词和从句等。形式、过去分词和从句等。e.g. Tom is a handsome boy. (形容词作定语形容词作定语 ) His name is Tom. (代词作定语代词作定语) The boy in blue is Tom. (介词短语作定语介词短语作定语) There is nothing to do today. (不定式作定语不定式作定语)英语基本句型列式如下英语基本句型列式如下:基本句型一基本句型一: S V (主谓）主谓） 基本句型二基本句型二: S V P (主系表主系表)基本句型三基本句型三: S V O (主谓宾主谓宾) 基本句型四基本句型四: S V O O (主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾) 基本句型五基本句型五: S V O C (主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补) 基本句型六基本句型六: there be +主语主语+状语状语Complete Sentence b with the same meaning as a.e.g. a) I saw him. He was playing the violin. b) I saw him playing the violin.1. a) When I hear that song, I feel happy. b) That song always makes _ .2. a) He found a wallet. The wallet was lying on the road. b) He found _.me happya wallet lying on the road3. a) When my mother has too much housework, I often help her. b) I often help _.4. a) Parents often say: “Children should be polite.” b) Parents often ask _my mother do houseworkchildren to be polite.Put the words and phrases in the correct order to make sentences. (Activity 1)Answers:1. _ _2. _3. _I bought my mother a new book for her birthday.She showed me her stamp collection.I often watch sport on TV.4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _Im a writer.I read a lot.My father wanted me to be a musician.I heard her sing.There are lots of fans in the museum.Im playing the piano. Complete the sentences with the words and expressions in Activity 3.Answers:1. _ 2. _3. _ 4. _5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _because as a resultas well assuch as tidy up look afterspend; income outComplete the passage with the words and expressions in Activity 5.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _tidying uphobbiesAs a resultstampssuch asfanmodelticketscollectionLook at the picture in Activity 4. What activities does it show?Activities: cycling; painting; making model; looking after animals; readingDiscuss with your partner.1. Which are the most creative?2. Which of them do you think you have the skills for?3. Which is the most useful skill to learn?4. Which do you think would be the most interesting for teenagers to do?Read the words and expressions in Activity 6. Fill them in the table.SportsCollectionOthersclimbingswimmingtennisvolleyballdolls fans models stampsticketscampinggrowing vegetableslooking after animalspaintingtaking photosActivity 7Listen and choose the best answer.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ baccaRead the passage about “ Historical hobbies” and complete the sentences.1. English people have a hobby and they like to live in the way that _.people lived long ago2. Some people in England _ _ people wore in the past.3. At the _, they live in the way that people did in the past.4. From this hobby, English people can _ in the past.dress in theclotheslearn a lot about lifeweekend1. Why do you think people do this?2. Would they like to do it?3. Is there anything like this in China?4. Imagine a person, or tell about a real person if you know. Describe how strange and how special his hobby is.Now if you want to make a survey about others hobbies, what questions do you want to ask? Discuss in groups and try to make a questionnaire. Make a hobby questionnaire!TopicQuestion Answer 1 Answer 2SportBookCountryFoodTechnologyTransportDo the survey and make notes. Think about what kind of information might be interesting to find out. e.g. Which hobbies teenagers really dont like or which hobbies you all like. Write up your results and present them with charts and tables to us.1. You cant work all the time. You need a h_ to relax, for example, listening to music.2. After you have finished cooking, you must t_ everything up.请根据句意及所给首字母提示补全请根据句意及所给首字母提示补全所缺单词。所缺单词。idyobby3. I like this book. It is full of u_ information.4. Which a _do you like better, playing volleyball or swimming?5. I saw many ships s_ in the sea.ailing sefulctivity Translate the phrases.1) 将来将来 _2) 结果结果 _3) 山地自行车运动山地自行车运动 _4) 出版出版 _5) 例如例如 _ in the future as a resultmountain biking come out such as6) 试图做某事试图做某事_7) 整理整理 _8) 同同.一样一样_9) 空闲时间空闲时间 _10) 照顾照顾 _ try to do sth.tidy upas well as free timelook after1. 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 2. 主语主语+谓语谓语+状语状语 请根据所给句子结构分别写出一个请根据所给句子结构分别写出一个英文例句。英文例句。The film is fantastic. She gets up early every morning. 3. 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 4. 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 5. 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+补语补语Miss Wang teaches Chinese. My father bought me a new bike. I often help my father wash his car.
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