江苏专版译林八下U4知识点总结Word版

江苏专版译林八下U4知识点总结1. A good read 一本好的读物解析：read,名词，意为读物”，常用单数形式。如: -A good read is like a great friend.一本好读物像 一个好朋友。拓展：read,动词，意为“阅读，读书”，常用于看书、看报等。reader,名词,意为读者;读本”。如: - How many English books have you read?你读过几本英语书?2. Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo?霍波,你已决定怎么处理这些书了吗?解析：do with意为“对付,处理”，相当于及物动词,在特殊疑问句中，do with与what搭配使用，强调处理的对象。如: -What did you do with that camera you found?你是怎么处置你发现的那个照相机的?拓展: deal with也意为“对付，处理”,用于特殊疑问句中时，与how搭配使用，强调处理的方式、方法。如: - I don't know how to deal with the problem.我不知道怎样处理这个问题。-You can ask Mr Li for help.你可以向李老师寻求帮助。3. I'm reading a book about Germany in World War I .我正在看一本关于第二次世界大战中德国的书。解析: Germany,名词，意为“德国”，其形容词形式为German,意为“德国人的;德语的;德国的”。如: -Germany is a European country.德国是一个欧洲国家。-German cars are different from ours.德国的汽车和我们的不一样。- I find German grammar very difficult.我发现德语语法很难。拓展: German还可作名词，意为“德国人;德语”，作“德国人”讲时,其复数形式为Germans.如: -My English teacher is a young German.我的英语老师是位年轻的德国人。4. They improve my knowledge of the past.它们增长我对过去的认识。解析：knowledge,名词，意为“知识”，为不可数名同，后可接of短语作定语或接that从句作同位语，表示美于某方面的知识或对某人、某事物的了解，如: -He is poor in money, but rich in knowledge.他贫于金钱，但富于学问。-She has a wide knowledge of Chinese history.推荐精选她对中国历史了解很深。注意：knowledge常与get搭配使用，表示“获得知识”，但是不能与learn连用。如: 译通过社会活动，我们能学到很多知识。正 We can get lots of knowledge through social activities. We can learn a lot through social activities.误 We can learn lots of knowledge through social activities.5. What do you like to read in your spare time?你在你的空闲时间里喜欢看什么?解析：spare,形容词，意为“空闲的;多余的”，相当于free,常用在名词前作前置定语。常用短语in one's spare time意为“在某人的空闲时间里”。如: -I enjoy watching TV plays in my spare time. 我喜欢在闲时看电视剧。拓展：spare作动词，意为“为.留出，匀出”。如: - Please spare some time for your hobbies.请为你的业余爱好留出一些时间。6. The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me.长相丑陋的男人卡西莫多的故事确实感动了我。解析: touch,动词，意为“感动，触动”，语气上比move弱。其形容词形式为touching,意为“动人的;感人的”;另一形容词形式为touched,意为“受感动的”。如: -! His sad story touched our hearts.他悲惨的故事触动了我们的心。拓展: touch作动词，还表示“触摸，碰”。如: - Touch it and feel if it is hot,摸一摸,感受一下它热不热。7. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我们的船撞到礁石损坏之后,我奋力前游。解析：against,介词,意为“紧靠，碰,撞”。如: -The desk is against the wall.书桌靠墙放着。-He stood leaning against the tree just now.刚才他斜靠在树上站着。拓展：against作介词，还可表示“反对:与.相对”，后接名词、代词或动名词。如: -He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病作了长时间的斗争。注意：against是介词，不是动词，将其用作动词是错误的。如: -译 我斜靠在墙上。正 I leaned against the wall.误 I against the wall.译 我反对他的意见。正 I'm against his idea.误 I against his idea.推荐精选8. By the time | finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.当我终于感觉到我脚下的陆地时，我筋疲力尽了。解析：be tired out 意为“筋疲力尽”，相当于be worn out。如: -The master was tired out. = The master was worn out.这位大师筋疲力尽。拓展：be tired of (doing) sth.意为“厌倦(做)某事”。如：-She is tired of watching TV at home all day.她厌倦了整天在家看电视。9. My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground!我的胳膊、腿和头发都被拴在地上!解析：tie, 动词，意为“捆，绑”，指用绳或线等打结将可能离开或移动的东西拴到某个固定的物体上。过去式和过去分词为tied,现在分词为tying。tie 常与to连用,固定结构tie sb. /sth. to 意为“把某人/某物绑到.上”，其被动结构为sb. /sth. be tied to。如: -She used a rubber band to tie her hair.她用一根橡皮筋扎头发。-They tied the boat to a tree.他们将船绑到一棵树上。拓展：tie作名词,意为“领带”。如: -Just a minute! Let me put your tie straight.等一下!让我帮你正正领带。10. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它向上移动到我的肚子和脖子,直到它站在离我的脸很近的地方。(1) 解析：over,介词,意为“从一边到另边”,表示位置变化。如: -Instead of opening the door, we climbed over it.我们没有开门，而是(从门顶上)爬过去的。(2) 解析：stomach,名词，意为“腹部;胃”，复数形式为some,不能加-es。固定知语: an empty stomach空腹，turn ones stomach使某人反胃，lie on ones stomach趴着。如: -I hit him in the stomach.我击中他的肚子。-The sight of blood turns her stomach.她一见到血就会反胃。拓展: stomachache,名词,意为“胃疼”。如: - I have a headache, and she has a stomachache.我头疼，她胃疼。(3) 解析: until,连词，意为“直.为止”，表示某一种行为一.直持续到某一时间。“not . until"意为“直到.”表示直到某一时间，某一行为才发生，之前该行为并没有发生。注意用在肯定句中,句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，而用在否定句中，主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词。如: - I studied English until 9 o'clock last night.推荐精选我昨晚学英语一-直到9点钟。(表示9点前一直在学。)-I did not leave until 9 oclock last night.我昨晚直到9点钟才离开。(表示9点才离开。)拓展: until 和till一般情况下在肯定句中可以互换，但until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。如: - I worked until/ till he came back.我工作到他回来为止。11. I shouted at them- -the loud noise made them all fall over.我朝他们大叫-巨大的声音使他们都摔倒了。解析：fall,动词， 意为“摔下，倒下;降落，落下”。Fall over意为“摔倒”，强调的是摔倒的动作而不是状态。如: - She fell over and broke her leg.她跌倒并把腿摔断了。-Apples fall from the tree. 苹果从树上落下。拓展：含fall的短语fall ill 生病fall down落下，倒塌fall behind落后fall asleep睡着fall in love with sb. 爱上某人fall off从.掉下来12. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而，他们很快又爬起来,继续在我身上走动。解析：continue,动词，意为“继续”，指动作或状态的继续或持续不中断。固定结构continue doing/to do sth.表示“继续做某事”,不同的是，continue doing sth.表示中止一段时间后接着做同一件事，continue to do sth.表示做完件事后接着做另一件事。如: -He continued the boring work day after day.他日复一日地继续着这个乏味的工作。- After a short rest, he continued reading the book.稍作休息后，他继续看书。- She looked up for a moment, then continued to draw.她抬头看了一会儿，然后继续画画。13. I did not know what to say either.我也不知道说什么。解析：either, 副词，意为“也"，只用于否定句中,通常置于句末。如: -I don't like the red shirt and I don't like the green one either.我不喜欢这件红衬衫,我也不喜欢这件绿衬衫。14. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.推荐精选我试着挣脱一只手 ,最后终于弄断了绳索。解析：manage,动词，意为“设法完成;管理”,作及物动词时,后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。固定结构manage to do sth. 意为“设法做成某事”。如: -How did you manage to get their approval?你怎样设法得到他们的批准的?-We managed to get to the airport in time,我们设法及时赶到了机场。辨析：manage to do sth,与try to do sth.manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事;勉力完成某事”,指经过努力达成目的，强调结果是成功的try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”，强调过程,结果不一定成功一言辨异：He tried many times, and managed to finish the work at last.经过多次尝试，他最终设法完成了这项工作。15. When I lifted my left hand into the air, the small men began to shout.当我把我的左手举向空中时，小人们开始大叫。解析: lift动词，意为“举起，抬高;提高”，后接宾语可以是具体事物，也可以是抽象事物,指克服重力“提升”某物，尤指借助体力把重物从平面或较低处向上举起。如: -The low clouds began to lift.低空的云开始上升。-He was too weak to lift his arm. 他太虚弱以至于连手臂都抬不起来。拓展: lift作名词，意为“电梯”。如: - He took the lift to the 14th floor.他乘电梯到了15楼。16. I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.我向下望去，看见一大群小人儿。解析: army, 名词，意为“大批，大群”，固定短语an army of意为“一群”，前面可加形容词huge等表示程度，后接可数名词复数,但其谓语动词要用单数形式。如: - An army of ants marched across the path.一群蚂蚁穿过小径。拓展: army作名词，还表示“军队”，join the army意为“参军”。如：-The army fights for people. 这支军队为人民而战。17. hand in上交,递交解析：hand in意为“上交,递交”，是“动词+副词”结构。若宾语是名词，可放在in之前，也可放在in之后;若宾语是代词，则放在in之前。如: -You can hand in your report tomorrow.你可以明天交你的报告。- Homework is very important. You must hand it in on time.推荐精选家庭作业是非常重要的。你必须按时上交。18. You must return the books on time.你必须按时还书。(1) 解析：return, 动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back,故不可再与back连用。固定结构return sth.to 意为“把某物归还.”如: - You must always return library books in time.你们必须总是及时归还图书馆的书。- He hasn't returned the book to me yet.他还没把书还给我。(2) 解析：on time意为“准时”,指正好在约定的时间发生,不早也不晚。如: -The train came on time.火车正点到站。- I'll write to tell your father if you aren't here on time tomorrow.倘若你明天不准时到这儿的话，我就要写信告诉你父亲。拓展： in time意为“及时”，指在约定的时间内或提前发生如: -We hope you will arrive in time to attend the meeting.我们希望你将及时赶来参加这个会议。-They were just in time for the bus.他们正好及时赶上了公共汽车。含time的短语from time to time 有时:不时at times 有时:间或by the time 到.时候as a time 每次,依次at the same time同时all the time一直:总是19. Using question words + to-infinitives使用“疑问词+动词不定式”解析: 我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作动词的宾语。(1) 疑问词有疑问代词who, whom, what, which,whose和疑问副词when, where, how。(2) 适用于“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的动词包括:know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover,explain,forget,guess, hear, imagine,learn,remember, think, wonder, understand等。如: -The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。有些动词，如ask, show, tll, advise, inform,teach等,可以先接宾语，然后再加上适当的“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。如: -I asked her how to learn English.我问她如何学英语。有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many,how much等,其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如: -I don't know which colour to choose.推荐精选我不知道选哪个颜色。在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure, clear 等的形容词。如: -I am not sure which way to take.我不确定走哪条路。(3) “疑问词+动词不定式”结构有下列几种功能:a. 作主语,如: -Where to live is a problem.住在哪里是一个问题。b. 作宾语，如: -We must know what to say at a meeting.我们必须知道在会上要说些什么。C. 作表语，如: -The problem is where to find the financial aid.问题是在哪儿找到财政援助。20. Using“must" and“have to"使用must和have to解析: must与have to两者都表示“必须”，但must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事; have to侧重于客观需要，意为“不得不”，含有被迫之意。如: -Everyone must keep the law.人人都必须守法。-The last bus has gone. We'll have to walk home.最后一班公共汽车已经开走了。我们将不得不走回家。从时态方面看，must无时态变化，而have to则有多种时态形式。如: -She has to show her student card at the gate when she leaves school.她离开学校时,必须要在大门口出示她的学生证。用于否定句时，must的否定形式为mustn't,意为“一定不要;不允许;禁止”;而have to的否定形式为don't have to,意为“不必”(= needn't)。 如: -You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要告诉他这件事。(可能是秘密。)-You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了。)21. all the British publishing houses refused to publish it所有的英国出版社都拒绝出版它解析：refuse,动同，意为“拒绝，回绝”，后直接跟名间，代词或动词不定式，强调态度的肯定和坚决。固定结构refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。如: -I refused him/his request/his gift.我拒绝了他/他的请求/他的礼物。-He refused to come to the meeting.他拒绝来参加会议。（提醒）：refuse后接动词不定式作宾语，不接动词的-ing形式。推荐精选跟动词不定式作宾语的动词:想要拒绝忘记( want, refuse, forget)需要努力学习(need, try, learn)喜欢同意帮助(like, agree, help)希望决定开始(hope/ wish, decide, begin/ start)22. So far到目前为止解析：so far意为“到目前为止”，相当于up to now/until now,注意与它所连用的时态;若强调so far描述的动作从过去一直持续到现在,谓语动词用现在完成时。如: -So far there has been no bad news.到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。-So far 50 people have died in the fighting.到现在为止,已有50人在战斗中丧生若不强调so far描述的谓语动作一直持续到现在,只是侧重描述一种客观现象，则可用一般现在时(谓语动词通常为某些状态动词)。如: -So far, it is only talk.至今这还只是空谈。23. a great success一个巨大的成功解析：success,名词，意为“成功”。作可数名词，意为“成功的人或事”;作不可数名词，指“成功”这一概念。如: -The play is a success.这部剧是成功的。-The company has been a major success story.该公司是重要的成功典范。24. has been translated into about 70 languages已经被翻译成了大约70种语言解析：translate,动词，意为“翻译”; translator,名词,意为“译者，翻译家”; translation,名词,意为“翻译;译文"。固定结构: translate . into把.翻译成; translate for sb.为某人翻译。如：-I need to translate it into English.我需要把它翻译成英语。-My friend will translate the book for me.我朋友将为我翻译这本书。25. over 450 million copies in over 200 countries and areas在200多个国家和地区超过450000000本解析：copy,名词，意为“一本(份,册);副本”，复数形式为copies,用作复数时表示同一种书的许多册，而不是许多种不同的书,后面常跟介词of。如: -He was reading a copy of the daily newspaper.推荐精选他正在看一份日报。拓展：copy,动词,意为“抄写;模仿;复制”。如: -Would you copy this letter for me, please?请为我抄一下这封信好吗?26. How many books can I borrow at a time?我一次可以借多少本书?解析：at a time意为“每次,依次”时，常用于“数词+ at a time"的结构中。如: -Enter two at a time.每次进来两个人。-May I borrow two magazines at a time?我一次可以借两本杂志吗?注意：at one time-般指“过去某一时期，曾经，一度(once)”或“同时”，常用于一般过去时。如: -At one time I liked her, but not any more now.我曾经喜欢过她，可现在不再喜欢了。27. I also want to travel and have exciting experiences in the future.在将来我也想去旅游并且有激动人心的经历。解析： experience,名词，意为“经历，经验”，指亲自见过、做过或遭遇的事。experience 作可数名词时，表示“经历”; experience作不可数名词时,表示“经验”,其后一般接介词in,也可接动词不定式作后置定语。如: -The earthquake was an unforgettable experience for everyone.那次地震对每个人来说都是一次难忘的经历 。- They have rich experience in practice.他们有丰富的实践经验。一言辨异：Mr Black is an officer with experience and he has many exciting experiences.布莱克先生是一名有经验的军官，他有很多激动人心的经历。28. A survey on reading habits一个关于阅读习惯的调查解析：habit,可数名词，意为“习惯”，表示有规律地经常做某事。其后接定语时可用"of +动词ing"，但不可用动词不定式。如: -It's a good habit to brush your teeth twice a day.你一天刷两次牙是个好习惯。-I've got into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as I get home.我已经养成了一到家就打开电视的习惯。-Old habits die hard.旧习难改。29. Who do you usually ask for advice on books?你通常向谁请求书方面的建议?解析: advice不可数名词，意为“建议，忠告,劝告”，可用some, much, a little, a piece of,推荐精选pieces of等词修饰，常与give, ask, ask for, take, follow等连用。如: -He gave us good advice on how to learn English.他就怎样学习英语给我们提出了好的建议。-You should follow the doctor's advice and give up smoking.你应遵从医生的忠告，不要吸烟了。拓展: advise,动词，意为“向.提出建议，劝告"，固定结构advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”。如: - If you don't feel well, I advise you to stay in bed.如果你感到不舒服，我建议你卧床休息。30. I read a lot at the weekend.在周末我看很多(书)解析: a lot是口语中的一个常用短语，多用于肯定句，有时也用于疑问句。其主要用法有以下两点:(1).作名词,意为“很多，大量"，在句中作主语、宾语或表语,其后常用动词不定式作后置定语。如: -We have a lot to do.我们有许多事情要做。(2).作副词,在句中表程度，意为“很，非常:常常”，修饰动词、感叹词、介词短语形容词或剧词的比较级。如: -Han Meimei likes bananas a lot.韩梅梅很喜欢香蕉。31. They also open up a whole new world to me.它们也为我开启了一个全新的世界。解析：open up意为“开启;开创;开辟”。如: -The railway opened up the east of the country.铁路开启了这个国家的东部。拓展：open还可表示“打开;开办;开设”。如: -Mr Chen opened the car door for his wife.陈先生为他的妻子打开了车门。-He decided to open a company in the city.他决定在这座城市开一家公司 。 （注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!） 推荐精选