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宾语从句和状语从句宾语从句和状语从句宾语从句三要素：宾语从句三要素： 一、一、引导词引导词 二、二、语序语序 三三 、时态时态 四、四、if, when引导宾语从句和状语从句引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别的区别 五、宾语从句的反意疑问句五、宾语从句的反意疑问句 六、否定转移六、否定转移宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：一、引导词一、引导词（看从句）（看从句）从句是陈述句从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略）口语中常省略）从句是一般疑问句从句是一般疑问句从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句We know （that）we should learn from each other.Please tell me if/whether you will go to America next month. that if/whether（是否）（是否） wh-/how(即特殊疑问词即特殊疑问词)Could you please tell me where the meeting room is?引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是词，看从句成份是否完整，否完整，不完整不完整，一定是，一定是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句。完整完整，判断，判断主句主句语气，语气，是是疑问疑问语气，用语气，用if/whether; 是是肯定语气肯定语气，用，用that.If/whether（是否）的区别（是否）的区别 一般情况下，一般情况下，if 和和whether可以互换，但以可以互换，但以下下4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether： 在不定式前：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词前：在介词前：It depends on(依靠依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与与or not连用：连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 做主语从句：做主语从句：Whether he is right isnt important. 主语主语 从句是特殊疑问句从句是特殊疑问句, 当当主句的主语或宾语主句的主语或宾语与与从句主语从句主语是一致是一致, 可简化成可简化成: 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+to do.Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？Can you tell me how to get to the nearest post office？1.填写合适的引导词填写合适的引导词 1 Can you tell me_you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how 7. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose 8. He asked his friend _ to go there or not. A. if B whether C. what D. that CCABBAAB2：用：用that, if/whether, how, where, what,.等连接词填空等连接词填空. 1.I hear_ they will visit our school next week.2.Do you know_ the girl is?3.Could you tell me _I can get to the park?4.We thought _you had never been there before .5.Please tell me_ you live.thatwhohowthatwhere6.Do you know_ she is angry?7.The teacher asked_ your name was. 8.Tom is ten.I want to know _ you are.9.He asked you_ you were a student or not.10.Mother asked me _ I had finished my homework.whywhathow oldwhetherif/whether二、语序二、语序 Does he work hard？I want to know.I want to know if / whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.陈述句语序陈述句语序即：即：引导词主语谓语动词引导词主语谓语动词陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an active boy. The teacher said.The teacher said（that）he was an active boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：语序。如：当what, who, which作特殊疑问句的主语时，该句本身就是陈述语序，因此在改为宾语从句时，其语序不变。Whats wrong?/Whats the matter?/Whats your trouble?Which is the way to?Who引导的特殊疑问句且who做主语What happened? / Whats happening?。如如: Could you tell me whats the matter? 可以告诉我怎么了吗可以告诉我怎么了吗?3. 下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。1. I think that he will come to China next year.2. I want to know if he was at home yesterday.3. Can you tell me where does your mother work?4. Do you know who can answer the question?5. Please tell us where is the hospital? your mother works the hospital is三、时态 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：如：I have heard（that）he _(come) back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。去的某种时态。（先看实际情况，再看主句先看实际情况，再看主句）如：如：He said（that）there _(be) no classes yesterday.注意：注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时从句都要用一般现在时。如：如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.We want to know when he _(start) learning English.He told me he _(can) swim.werecouldstartedwill comeThe teacher asked him what he _(do) at seven.was doingMy friend asked me when I _ (leave) for Beijing. would leave或或 was leavingHe told me that he _(be) to Shanghai.had beenCould you tell me how he _(go) to school every day?goes4.时态练习时态练习1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 Could you tell me whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveledADCBCCould you tell me+宾语从句？表达的是委婉宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。的语气，是一般现在时。四、四、if, when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 1. 宾语从句: if when 2.状语从句: 条件状语从句：if 时间状语从句：when before / after 在之前 / 之后 是否是否什么时候什么时候(即特殊疑问词即特殊疑问词)如果如果从句时态根据句意而定从句时态根据句意而定当当时时时态时态: 主句主句（一般将来时（一般将来时/一般现在时一般现在时/祈使句祈使句/含含情态动词）情态动词）+ 引导词引导词 （if / when) + 从句从句(一般现一般现在时在时). 主句一般过去时主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时从句一般过去时.主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。主要从汉语意思去区别，重点是时态运用。5.If/when 区别练习区别练习: 1. If it _(rain) tomorrow，I wont come. 2. He didnt tell me if it _(rain) tomorrow. 3. I dont know if he _(come) tomorrow. If he_ (come), Ill tell you. 4. When it _ (stop) raining, well go swimming. 5. Could you tell me when the film _(start)? Ill leave for a moment. would rainrainswill comecomesstopswill start如果如果是否是否是否是否如果如果当当.的时候的时候什么时候什么时候综合练习综合练习(各地中考题各地中考题) 1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if 2. -I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. -He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. -We never know _ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where 4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 5. -Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. -Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 6-Where do you think _ he _ the computer? -Sorry, I have no idea. A. ; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what was the matter 8. -Where is Jack? -He likes to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . A. that B. which C. where D. there DAAADDCC谁动了我了奶酪谁动了我了奶酪其它问题其它问题 did sheI dont think he is serious,_?is heI believe he can finish it on time, _?cant he否定的转移否定的转移： 当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等词等词 时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。如：如： I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对。我认为他不对。附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：附加疑问句（反意疑问句）：1. 一般根据主句的谓语动词判断：一般根据主句的谓语动词判断： 如：如：She didnt say that he would come here, _? 2.当主句主语为当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为（我），主句动词为suppose, believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：标点符号的确定标点符号的确定：带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句取决于主句。主句是陈述句用主句是陈述句用句号句号： He asked me where I went just now.主句是问句用主句是问句用问号问号： Do you know when hell be back?宾语从句六注意：宾语从句六注意： 一、引导词一、引导词 if/whether区别区别 特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+to do 二、语序二、语序 what is the matter?（怎么了？）语序不变（怎么了？）语序不变 三三 、时态、时态 如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象 ,仍用一般现在时仍用一般现在时 Could you tell me? 四、四、if, when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、反意疑问句五、反意疑问句 一般看主句一般看主句 Think, believe, suppose, guess等看从句等看从句 六、否定转移六、否定转移 在在think , believe , suppose, guess, imagine等动词所跟的宾等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如： I dont think he has time to play with friends. 我认为他没时间和朋友玩。我认为他没时间和朋友玩。练习：练习：将下列各句合并成宾语从句。将下列各句合并成宾语从句。1.What is his name? I dont know _2.When did you begin to study English? I didnt know _3.It is important to learn English. The teacher said _4.Does he live in that street? Could you tell me_what his name is .when you began to study English.it was important to learn English.if he lives in that street. Translate the following sentences.1. 我认为不会下雨我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _. 2. 我认为你的答案不对我认为你的答案不对. I _your answer right. 我们相信他不会失败我们相信他不会失败 We _ that he _.宾语从句的否定转移：宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等，等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主语中的动词 dont think will raindont thinkisdont believe will fail6.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了我不知道飞机为什么晚点了.I didnt know_. 7.他问我会议什么时候开始他问我会议什么时候开始.He asked me _.8.没人知道他是什么时候出生的没人知道他是什么时候出生的.No one knows _.9.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大The teacher told his students _.10.我不能肯定他来还是不来我不能肯定他来还是不来.Im not sure _. why the plane was latewhen the meeting would start / beginwhen he was bornthe sun is bigger than the moonwhether he will come or not4. I want to know _ . (他是否跟我们一起去公园他是否跟我们一起去公园)5. Ask him _. (他是否能来他是否能来)6. Please tell me _. (我们将什么时候开会我们将什么时候开会)7. Can you tell me _. (他在哪儿他在哪儿)8. Could you tell me _. (我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站)if he will go to the park with us if he can comewhen well have a meetingwhere he is how I can get to the stationThanks
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