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B 高频考点高频考点（高频高频 / 规律规律 / 技巧技巧）B8 特殊句式特殊句式 考 纲 解 读1掌握强调句的句型和用法。2掌握倒装句的用法。设置语境或对话考查否定意义的副词以及“so/only状语”等放于句首，句子使用部分倒装的形式。3掌握省略句的用法。设置语境或对话考查省略主语和系动词的省略形式以及一些常用的省略句型。4掌握反意疑问句的基本知识和用法，主要考查主从复合句后面的反意疑问句以及一些灵活的反问形式。5掌握祈使句、感叹句和主谓一致的用法。 考 情 解 读考点考点 题量题量年份年份倒装倒装句句强调句强调句反意反意疑问疑问句句祈使祈使句和句和感叹感叹句句there be句型句型其他其他200863120220091014117201041002220114423032012521203 趋 势 解 读 在重视对语言的意义和功能考查的同时，高考并未完全放弃对语言形式的考查，热点为倒装句和强调句。在以后的高考中，将会继续保留这类题目，但是其综合性和情景性将会变得越来越强。易易错错 警警示示 Not until his work has been finished _to go to bed deep into the night. Ahe stopped Bdid he stop Cstopped he Dhe did stop 易误选A、C 考生易误选A项或C项。分析题干可知，句首有否定词“not”，空格处应用部分倒装结构，故选B。 Only when the fire was under control _to return to their homes. Athe residents would be permitted Bhad the residents been permitted Cwould the residents be permitted Dthe residents had been permitted 易误选B 考生易误选B项。分析句子结构可知，本题是对倒装结构的考查。根据语法知识可知，“only状语”位于句首时，其后的句子要采用倒装结构，故选项A和D可以首先被排除。根据题意可知，“居民被允许回家”发生在“火势被控制”之后，所以B项不正确，选C。 At the foot of the mountain _ Aa village lies Blies a village Cdoes a village lie Dlying a village 易误选C 本题是对完全倒装结构的考查。考生易误选C。题干中的“At the foot of the mountain”是一个表示地点的介词短语，当它位于句首时，其后的句子要采用完全倒装结构，故选B。 I just wonder _that makes him so excited. Awhy it does Bwhat he does Chow it is Dwhat it is 易误选A 考生易错选A，原因是没有掌握正确的解题方法。本题是对强调句型在宾语从句中的应用的考查。遇到这类问题时可以将题目中的it is that部分去掉，该题中去掉it is that后，很容易发现宾语从句缺少主语，故应用what。答案为D。 It was only with the help of the local guide _ Awas the mountain climber rescued Bthat the mountain climber was rescued Cwhen the mountain climber was rescued Dthen the mountain climber was rescued 易误选A 本题是对强调句型的考查。考生很容易将其误认为是倒装句，而选A项。only with the help of the local guide为被强调的部分，故选B。 After a close talk with the teacher, Tom has become a better student than _ Athat used to be Bhe used to Che was used to Dhe used to be 易误选B 本题是对英语中动词不定式省略的考查。考生易错选B，认为只保留到不定式符号to即可。分析句子结构可知，used to be表示“过去”；当动词不定式中有be动词或have时，要对其进行保留；而在其他情况下保留到不定式符号to即可。选D。 Shes not a dancing teacher, is she? _ AYes, and she isnt BYes, but she was CNo, but she isnt DNo, but she was 易误选B 此题为反意疑问句，考生很容易根据中文意思回答错误，误选B。答语可理解为No, she isnt. But she was a dancing teacher.的省略，即其意为“她现在不是舞蹈教师，但她过去是”。答语也可以是No, but she used to be.故选D。考考点点 精精析析 基 础 盘 点 1常见倒装形式；2.强调句型常见结构；3.主谓一致；4.感叹句；5.反意疑问句； 6.省略。 热 门 考 点 1对倒装句的考查；2.对主谓一致的考查；3.强调句型的考查；4.反意疑问句的考查；5.省略句的考查。 关 注 节 点 (2012四川卷)This is not my story, nor _the whole story. My story plays out differently. Ais there Bthere is Cis it Dit is 答案Cnor提前，句子部分倒装。热点热点81 完全倒装1表示状态或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there，up，down，in，away，off，out等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief. 听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。 注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。 Away they went. 他们走了。部分倒装1only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 直到他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。2否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him. 直到他离开家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。3hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。4so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。 注意：so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 It is too hot. So it is. 天太热了。 是啊，的确很热。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 若主句谓语为be之外的系动词，则主句部分倒装。 So involved in the game did the boy get that he wont leave the computer. 小孩如此痴迷游戏，以致他不愿离开电脑。5在在so.that.和和such.that.句式中，如果句式中，如果so或或such引导的部引导的部 分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要倒装。分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要倒装。 6as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓 语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词 原形as/though主语其他。 Try as he would, he might fail again. 尽管他还会尝试，但可能还会失败。 (详见状语从句专题热点讲析) (2012安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. Akeeps BKeep Chave kept Dhad kept 答案A考查主谓一致。句子主语为Walmart，故选A。热点热点82 Ashow; are Bshows; are Cshow; is Dshows; is 答案D句意：所有的科学证据都表明在农业上化学物质的增加使用正在危害我们的健康。本题考查主谓一致。第一空前的主语为evidence(不可数名词)，故第一空中的动词需用单数，排除A、C两项；第二空前的主语为use(不可数名词)，故第二空用is。综上所述，答案为D项。(2012湖南卷湖南卷)All the scientific evidence _that increasing use of chemicals in farming _damaging our health. Awere Bwas Cis Dare 答案B句意：这个篮球教练和他的球队因为表现出色，在赛后不久就接受了采访。本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。题干中主语the basketball coach后加as well as his team，谓语动词单复数形式应与the basketball coach保持一致，故排除A项和D项。根据语境after the match for their outstanding performance可知谓语动词的时态应为一般过去时，故选择B项。(2012陕西卷陕西卷) )The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. Ais; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 答案A句意：这个国家的森林覆盖面积占国土面积的三分之一，并且大多数市民都是黑人。“分数/百分数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的形式；“the majority of名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数也取决于名词的形式。故本题选A。(2011湖南卷湖南卷)Onethird of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people. Aare being built Bwere being built Cwas being built Dis being built 答案D考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行，主语与所填词是被动关系；many a名词单数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故本题选D。(2010陕西卷陕西卷) )It is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area.主谓一致 (1)由or, either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/besides/rather than名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。 I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。1就近一致原则就近一致原则 (2)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。2意义一致原则意义一致原则 (2)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 (2012湖南卷)It was not until I came here _I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. Awho Bthat Cwhere Dbefore 答案B考查强调句It was not until.that.。热点热点83 (2012重庆卷)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. Awhen Bthat CAfter Dsince 答案B句意：郑和在Christopher Columbus横越大西洋的80年前就已航海到达东非。考查强调句型(It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分)。被强调部分为80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。 (2011陕西卷)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _benefits our work most. Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 答案C句意：能给我们的工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子的主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故选择C项。 (2011四川卷)Was it on a lonely island _he was saved one month after the boat went down? Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案B句意：是不是船沉了以后一个月他才在一个孤岛上被救？根据句中出现的it was及强调句型的判断方法可确定该题考查强调句型。where, which和what均不能构成强调句型。判断强调句的方法是把it is/was和that去掉，剩下的句子在结构及意义上均完整，此处为强调句。 (2011重庆卷)Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village _it was made. Athat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 答案A句意：“你看过电影山楂树之恋吗？”“当然，我看过。它就是在我们村里拍摄的”。依据强调句型结构“It is/was被强调部分that句子剩余部分”可知选A。 (2012吉林二检)What did she want to know, Tom? She wondered _we could complete the experiment. Awhen was it Bit was when that Cit was when Dwhen it was that 答案D本题考查when提问的强调句型作宾语从句的语序问题。作宾语从句应用正常语序，所以应选D项。强调句型1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。 What is it that you want me to do? 你要我干什么？3如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。4强调句型结构与名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句的混合使用 在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常常将强调句型与定语从句、状语从句等混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。考生要注意从语法角度分析句子，理清“强调句型与定语从句”。 若不是强调句式，那么推测是否为主语从句，即it是否指代后面的从句，可以用替换法尝试。 当be后为一段时间时，不要忘了It be.since/before结构。当我们看到当我们看到“It be.从句从句”结构时，首先考虑是否为强结构时，首先考虑是否为强调句式，方法就是去掉调句式，方法就是去掉it be与与that/who后，看剩下的部分后，看剩下的部分是否完整。是否完整。 (2012江苏卷)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？ Ais there Bisnt there Cis he Disnt he 答案A考查反意疑问句，因主句出现否定词little，故选A。热点热点84 (2011重庆卷)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _？ Acould he Bdidnt I Cdidnt you Dcould they 答案B句意：我告诉他们并不是每一个人都能跑得像你一样快，不是吗？对于含宾语从句的反意疑问句，其附加问句常与主句一致，又因主句为一般过去时的肯定形式，故附加问句用一般过去时的否定形式。 (福建卷)Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _？ Ahadnt you Bwouldnt you Carent I Ddidnt she 答案B主句谓语是believe/expect/fancy/feel/imagine/ suppose/seem/think/be sure，如主句中的主语是第一人称单数时，主从复合句的反意疑问句应跟从句变。 (2012烟台调研)Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _？ Aisnt he Bhasnt he Cisnt it Dhasnt it 答案Cit是形式主语，that后面的从句是真正的主语，句子是对主句it提问，而不是对从句提问。故选C。 (2012重庆二诊)She must have finished the work the day before yesterday, _？ Amustnt she Bdoes she Cdidnt she Dhasnt she 答案C对过去发生的动作进行推测，而且还有表示过去的时间状语，其反意疑问句用didnt来构成。1如果反意疑问句的前一部分为肯定形式，则反意疑问部分用否定形式；反之，如果前一部分是否定形式，后一部分就要用肯定形式。 当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, scarcely, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定式。 The old woman could hardly write her own name, could she? 那位老太太几乎不会写自己的名字，是吗？ She said I did it, didnt she？她说是我干的，是吗？2当主语是第一人称单数，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess，be sure等词时，要注意否定转移，而且反意疑问部分要与从句保持一致；如果主语是其他人称，反意疑问部分与主语保持一致。 I dont think you can solve the problem in two minutes, can you？我们认为你在两分钟之内不能解决这个问题，你能吗？(反意疑问部分与从句一致)3陈述部分含有must等表推测的情态动词的反意疑问句。 must等表示推测，疑问部分不能用must等情态动词，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。 他昨天一定离开了，是吗？ He must have left yesterday, didnt he？(有明确过去时间状语) He must have left, hasnt he？(无明确过去时间状语) (2012山东卷)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _ Awhoever Bwherever Cwhatever Dhowever 答案Ajust give it to Lucy or Helen or whoever it may/might be。热点热点85 (2011江苏卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._，wed better take it to the garage immediately. AOtherwise BIf not CBut for that DIf so 答案D句意：听起来好像汽车的发动机出了故障。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它开到维修厂(修理一下)。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不是这样的话；but for that要不是那样。以上三项均不符合句意和语境。if so“如果这样的话”，符合句意和语境。if so相当于if something is wrong with the cars engine。 (2012东北三校第一次联考)Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group? No, but I _ Awant to Bwant to be Cwant so Dwant it 答案B考查省略句的用法。答话人想成为联想集团的工程师，答语是“No, but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group”的省略形式。当不定式后有be时，be不可省略。 (2012温州第一次适应性测试)The footballer didnt succeed in scoring, though _several chances by his teammates. Awas given Bbeing given Cgiving Dgiven 答案D考查非谓语动词和省略。该句though后面是省略，相当于though he was given several chances by his teammates，逻辑主语the footballer与动词give构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词given，所以选D项。 (2012海滨第二学期期中)Although _ considerable success as an artist, the young man keeps working hard. Aachieving Bachieved Cto achieve Dhaving achieved 答案D考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。achieve与逻辑主语young man之间是主动关系，排除B选项，并且achieve这个动作发生在谓语动词keep working之前，即：先取得了很大成绩，然后继续努力工作，因此选项D正确。 省略1在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health. 实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。 2Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后 面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。 Do you think it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？ I hope not(that it will not rain)我希望不下。 Do you believe our team will win? 你相信我们队会赢吗？ I guess so.我猜会赢。 (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid, glad, happy, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边。 I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戏吗？ Id be glad to.我很高兴加入。 (2)如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。 Are you a sailor？你是海员吗？ No, but I used to be.不，但我过去是。3不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。名名 师师 招招 招招 鲜鲜1. 加强语法专项练习，尤其是强调和倒装两部分，一定要反复练习，确保记忆的准确和全面。2不可对语法条目进行单纯的机械记忆，理解才是真正学好语法的关键，尤其是在知识之间出现交叉的地方，更要注重理解，认真对照，找出异同，以求举一反三，融会贯通。3考前应认真研读高考题目，了解高考题目的立意方向和设问风格，做到知己知彼，百战不殆。
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