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第 5 5 讲短文填空短文填空是 2012 年广东中考出现的一个新题型,其特点是在一篇短文中留出 10 个空(首句不设空),要求考生根据短文的内容以及上下文的意思,在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的单词,一空只能填一个词(有些空的答案可能不是唯一的)。短文的题材很广泛,可以是故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等,所选的文章一般都是考生比较熟悉的材料。短文填空是中考中一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广,灵活性高,综合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识,还考查考生理解、推导、分析等综合能力。从表面上看它是考查考生对单词的辨认能力,而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性,又考查了他们对上下文以及词义的理解和判断能力,由此考查考生的知识记忆与再现能力。一、解题步骤1跳跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意。过空格,通读短文,了解大意。解题时先跳过空格,通读短文,了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文时态、主题及大意。在通读过程中,若能够想到应该填什么的可以先直接填上,但后面要检查核对。2复复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。读短文,确定语义,判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式。3三三读短文,上下参照,验证答案。读短文,上下参照,验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。二、解题技巧做好短文填空题要求考生具备扎实的语法基础、理解文章大意和主旨的能力,牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配,熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空时可从以下几个方面着手:1从上下文的结构和语境方面考虑。从上下文的结构和语境方面考虑。有的空必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什么单词。day.例(2012 年广东)I have had a lot of (73)_ every“I understand that it is important to do my homework”从而可确定填homework/schoolwork/work。解析解析根据短文可知此处需要填入一个名词,再根据下文2从语法方面考虑。从语法方面考虑。短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括:名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、冠词、介词和连词的选用等。例1(2012 年广东)The longer the holidays are, the(78)_ homework I get.I really feel bad about it.解析根据句意可知要填形容词 much ,又根据上文“Thelonger”可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“the 比较级,the比较级”,表示“越越”。故此处应填more。例2(2012 年广东)I am looking forward to a holiday(79)_ homework so that I can relax and have some timefor my hobbies.解析分析句子结构可知,句中缺少定语,故这里应填一个介词,与 homework 一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“Ican relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空应填表示“没有”作业的without。例3(2012 年广东)Im upset these days.I have(71)_ problem, .解析名词前面一般填冠词或形容词,句中已有 Im upset,故可确定应填一个冠词。problem 在此是第一次提及,故应用不定冠词 a。解析such as 意为“例如”,是固定搭配,故第77 空填as。例(2012 年广东)I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.3从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑。从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑。4先先易后难。易后难。在做题过程中遇到个别空格填不出的,可以适当跳过,待全部完成后,再考虑填不出的空格,这样未知的信息就越来越少。当明确空格的意思后,可以把与表达此意有关的词罗列出来,找出最好的和最有把握的词填进去。5检检查错误。查错误。在填完后,应该将短文重新审读一次,检查答案是否有不合题意的或有语法错误等。(一)2012 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试Nov. 26, 2011, SaturdayCloudyI am upset these days.I have (71)_ problem, and I donot(72)_ how to deal with it.I have had a lot of(73)_ every day since I became aGrade 9 student.I have no choice but to do it.I often stay up late tofinish it and then feel (74)_ the next day.(75)_ I understand that it is important to do myhomework and (76)_ it in on time, sometimes I still dontwant to do so much homework.I almost have no free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.Theworst thing is that I even have homework on weekends andholidays.The longer the holidays are, the (78)_ homeworkI get.I really feel bad about that.I am looking forward to a holiday (79)_ homework sothat I can relax and have some time for my hobbies.What should Ido? I really hope that someone can give (80)_ somesuggestions.I am sure they will be of great value to me.本文是一篇日记,主要写了一个孩子因为有太多作业而感到很累、不开心,他希望能够拥有一个没有作业的轻松假期,并希望有人能够给他一些建议。71.a名 词 前 面 一 般 填 冠 词 或 形 容 词 , 句 中 已 有 “Im upset”,故可确定应填一个冠词。problem 在此是第一次提及,故应用不定冠词 a。72.know根据 句意 ,此 处应 该是 “我不 知道 怎样 处理”,前面有“I do not”,所以后面应填 know。73.homework/schoolwork/work根据短文可知此处需要74.tired/sleepy feel 是系动词,后面应接形容词,而根据上文分析,因为“我”经常熬夜完成作业,所以会感到累(tired)或困倦(sleepy)。故填 tired/sleepy。75.Although/Though 根据上下文的描述可知,本句应意为“虽然我知道做作业并按时上交作业很重要,但是有时我还是不想做太多的作业”。分析句子结构可知,此处填although/though。填入一个名词,再根据下文“I understand that it is important todo my homework”从而可确定填 homework/schoolwork/work。76.hand联系上下文可知,本句句意为“按时上交作业”。hand in 上交,是固定搭配。77.suchsuch as 例如,是固定搭配。78.more 根据句意可知要填形容词 much,又根据上文“The longer” 可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“ the比较级,the比较级”,表示“越越”。故此处应填 more。79.without 分析句子结构可知,句中缺少定语,故这里应填一个介词,与 homework 一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空应填表示“没有”作业的 without。80.me 根据句意,此处指“给我”,空格前面是 give,故空格处应该填宾格 me。(二)2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday iscoming on (71)_ 3rd.One day, Li Ming walked past theshoe shop at the street corner.Once again, he stopped to look at theshop (72)_He felt happy to see the shoes that he wantedvery much were still there.He really wanted to have (73)_for his birthday.Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry forhimself.He sadly walked away and thought (74)_ to tell hismother about it.He knew she would give him (75)_ heliked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little moneyfor that ¥ 1299-Nike Shoes.He (76)_ not to go home atonce, as he didnt want to upset his mother.So he went to the parkand sat on the (77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheelchair.He noticed that the girl (78)_ the wheel with herhands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was (79)_ to findthat the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without shoes than without feet.” hethought.There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad.Hewent away and smiled, thinking he was luckier.李明想要一双很贵的鞋作为生日礼物,但他知道母亲并没有那么多钱,心情沮丧之余,他来到公园,见到一个坐着轮椅的女孩,想到自己没有鞋子比没有脚要好得多,于是心情豁然开朗。71.July 根据第一幅图下方的信息可知李明生日是在 7 月3 日,故填 July。72.window 根据第二幅图可知李明是站在商店的“橱窗”前看鞋子,故填 window。73.them根据上文可知李明想要这双鞋子作为生日礼74.how 根据题干可知此处应填一个疑问词,构成“疑问词不定式”的结构,再根据下文可知李明是不知“如何”开口,故填 how。75.anything/everything 根据句意可知如果能力允许,母亲会给李明“任何东西/所有东西”。因为不想让母亲为难,所以李明“决定”暂76.decided时不回家。物,因为鞋子是复数,故用代词 them。77.grass/ground由第三幅图可知李明是坐在了“草地78.pushed/moved 由第四幅图可知,女孩坐着轮椅,那么她要前进就要用手来“推动”轮椅。79.surprised由第四幅图中李明的表情可知他发现女孩80.better 由下文中的 than 可知应填比较级。比起没有双腿,没有鞋子自然是“好得多”。上”。没有双腿时是“惊讶的”。
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