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非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.单谓语或动单谓语或动词短语词短语情态动词情态动词/助助动词动词+ v.系动词系动词+表语表语1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2. 非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分谓语外的所有成分1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.表语表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.1.Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 动词不定式的基本构成：动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：被动式：to be done（将被）完成式：（将被）完成式：to have done （完成）（完成）例：例： The Olympic Games to be held in the year 2016 will be a great success. He is said to have gone abroad.二二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。定语、状语等成份。动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补 1.I have something to tell you. (不定式作不定式作定语定语) )注意：注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with1.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper （写上）（写上） 2.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写（写）to write onto write with动名词（动名词（gerund）一一. 动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二二. 动名词的性质动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点1.可作主语可作主语seeing is believing Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge功能：功能：2.可作宾语可作宾语在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：不定式，常见的这类动词有： enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth. 花费花费做某事做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象想象做某事做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事练习做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）保持（继续）做某事做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事考虑做某事分词：分词：Participles一一 分词的概述分词的概述1. 分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现有两种形式：现 在分词（在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（）和过去分词（Past Participle）。）。 2. 现在分词：现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词不规则动词 3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中在句中 作表语、定语、状语和宾语补作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。足语。分词的时态和语态分词的时态和语态构成（以构成（以study和和go为例）为例） 及物与不及物及物与不及物动词动词 语态语态 时态时态 类别类别 及及 物物 动动 词词 不及物动不及物动词词主动语主动语态态 被动语态被动语态 主动语主动语态态现在分词现在分词一般一般式式 studying being studied（正在被）（正在被） going完成完成式式 having studied having been studied having gone过去分词过去分词一般一般式式 studied gone现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动Do you know the woman talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 时态上：时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water二、分词的作用二、分词的作用1、作定语、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语）前置定语He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的我们只卖用过的书。书。现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。之后。（2）后置定语）后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. The bridge built last month needs repairing. 上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。相当于一个定语从句。如：如：Those who wish to join the club should sign here(Those wishing to join this club should sign here. )想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. （4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示表示被动和完成被动和完成 （重点）（重点）；只表完成。如：；只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）（既表示被动也表示完成）the fallen leaves 落下的树叶落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。等词。I saw him walking in the street. I heard them singing in the classroom.We saw the boy taken good care of. （done被动）被动）A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room. B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成 （判断（判断的依据是的依据是 分词与主句主语的关系）分词与主句主语的关系）1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. （we 和和 see 的关系是主动的关系是主动） (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. When we see from the top of the mountain, we can see a beautiful factory.When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. If we were given more time, we could do it better.被动式：被动式： being done 表示一个现在进行的动作表示一个现在进行的动作, “正在被正在被”1.The building being repaired is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being built.完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。所表示的动作之前发生。1.Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. （先关掉收音机，才开始复习（先关掉收音机，才开始复习功课，功课，turn 的动作比的动作比begin 早）早） Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.二二. 非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构, ,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _ many times , he still couldnt understand it .A.Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC C_A A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming. 4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.A.is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号 （二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 一般来说，一般来说，非谓语动词非谓语动词作状语作状语, ,逻逻辑主语是辑主语是句子的主语；句子的主语；非谓语动词非谓语动词作宾补作宾补, ,逻辑主语是逻辑主语是宾语；宾语；非谓语动词非谓语动词作定语作定语, ,逻辑主语是逻辑主语是被修饰词被修饰词。分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还还是是被动被动关系。关系。 1._from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. SeeAB解析：句解析：句1. 1. “地球地球”被被“看起来看起来”，表，表被动被动，故选，故选A A， 用过去分词表被动。用过去分词表被动。 句句2. 2. 我们我们 主动看主动看.即表即表主动主动，故选，故选B B。（三）分析语态三）分析语态 A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.（四）（四）分析时态分析时态1. The building _ now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built _C _B_D二二. . 找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一. . 辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三. . 非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态PracticeChallenge yourself! 1. A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night.A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left2. We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To get; to do D. Getting; to do5. When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter _ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered7. The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed8. He was always the first _ and the last _ the office. A. to come， to leave B. coming， leaving C. to come， left D. coming， left9. Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day， but I dont know who she is. A. to marry B. to have married C. to be marrying D. being married11.We are interested in _ to swim. A. study B. studying C. learn D. learning12.My grandfather wants _around the world because he enjoys _new places. A. traveling , seeing B. to travel , to see C. to travel, seeing D. traveling ,to see13. Jack gives me a piece of paper_.A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in 14. Lets make a fire _ ourselves up. A. to warm B. warming C. warm D. warmed15.When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane _over my head.A. flew B. flies C. flying D. fling16. The old men enjoy _ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.17.My sister is interested in _ in her free time. A. watch TV B. reading books C. listening music D. plays basketball18.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.19. I saw him _ into the small store. A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone20.He is good at_. A. singing B. sing C. sings D. to singlistening help water
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